Download 10/8 SI A ECL 365 Digestion II worksheet 1. The

10/8 SI A ECL 365
Digestion II worksheet
1. The _____________ is a pouch in the wall of the digestive tract that usually
contains _______________ that help in digestion.
a. Cecum or appendix, bacteria
2. Teleost fish have several cecae or appendices, called ___________ ___________
a. Pyloric cecae
3. True / False The majority of reptiles have cecae.
a. False – only a few
4. Where is the cecum located in most birds and mammals?
a. Between small and large intestine
5. Which has the most well developed cecum?
a. Lion
b. Rabbit
c. Grizzly Bear
i. Rabbit - herbivore
6. The appendix in humans is vestigial, but the function is well understood and
functions along with the immune system.
a. False – not well understood, could be immune…
7. What are the three accessory organs of the digestive system?
a. Liver, gall bladder, pancreas
8. The____________ is the largest gland in the vertebrate body and overlies the
_____________.
a. Liver, stomach
9. What functions does the liver perform?
a. Blood glucose regulation; produces bile; synthesis and storage of amino
acids, proteins, vitamins, and fats, detoxification; blood circulation and
filtration
10. The __________________ is a blind storage sac that stores _________, which is
used to breakdown fats, and is also rich in bicarbonate.
a. Gallbladder, bile
11. True / False Without Bile, fat passes through the digestive tract unabsorbed.
a. True
12. True / False The pH of stomach and bile are very similar.
a. Flase – bile = alkaline/basic to neutralize acid from stomach
13. What is the function of the pancreas?
a. Secrete enzymes for breaking down carbs to simple sugars and fats to
glycerol and fatty acids. Pancreatic juice is rich in bicarbonate.
14. What is the purpose of bicarbonate? In what “juices” can it be found?
a. Neutralize stomach acid.
b. Bile and pancreatic juices
15. Where does most true absorption occur in the vertebrate body?
a. Small Intestine
16. ______________________ and ____________________ are the two major parts
of the intestine.
a. Small intestine and large intestine
17. The small intestine plays a major role in _________________ of nutrients.
a. Absorption
18. How is the surface area of the intestine increased?
a. Villi, spiraling and coiling
19. In mammals and many fish, the intestine terminates into a _____________ and
_________, but into a _____________ in sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and birds.
a. Rectum and anus, cloaca
20. What is the difference between a cloaca and a rectum?
a. Cloaca  Discharges both urine and feces (Common exit) (and repro site)
b. Rectum  discharges feces
21. What factors influence gut size?
a. Body size
b. Primary feeding mode (herbivory vs carnivory)
i. Carnivorous – food easier to breakdown, shorter
ii. Herbivores have longer intestines (cellulose breakdown)
c. Amount of indigestible material.
22. Compare and contrast the efficiency of different diets in fish.
a. Carnivorous fish: 70-90%
b. Herbivorous fish 40-50%
23. In general, what type of diet was largest in terms of gut size? The smallest?
a. Herbivores largest
b. Carnivores smallest
24. What generally consumes more energy? (Homeotherms or Poikilotherms) Why?
a. Homeotherms, metabolism – maintain homestasis.
25. True / False Lamprey have a stomach.
a. False – no stomach