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CHAPTER 8 – Body Systems Lesson 1 – Body Systems - What are Body Systems? Cells – A cell is the basic unit of all living _______________. Tissue – A group of _______________ cells working together is called a tissue. Organ – A group of tissues that work together is called an _______________. Body System – A group of organs working together to complete a _______________ is called a body system. - Body systems are made of organs. Organs are made of tissues. Tissues are made of cells. Body Systems Work Together Relationship Between Body Systems – Each body system plays a _______________ role in the body. However, the systems work together to make sure that the body maintains homeostasis. What Is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the condition in which the body’s internal conditions are at a _______________ state. - Body Systems Depend on Each Other One for All and All for One – Because your body systems are so dependent on each other, caring for each system helps _______________ the others as well. When the health of one system improves, the health of all the other systems also improves. Lesson 2 – The Skeletal System - Bones and Joints Bones – A bone is an organ of the _______________ system. Bones are hard because they store minerals. Bone Marrow – Inside a bone is soft tissue called bone _______________. Bone marrow makes blood cells for the body. - Joints – A joint is a place where _______________ or more bones meet. Bone and Joint Development Cartilage – Before birth, most of the bones in a baby’s body are made of cartilage. Cartilage is a soft, flexible _______________. Bone Formation – Cartilage starts changing to bone before a baby is _______________. The soft tissue hardens and becomes bone tissue as minerals, such as calcium, build up in the bone. This change is not finished until a person is around 18 years old. Lesson 3 – The Muscular System - Many Kinds of Muscles Skeletal Muscle – Skeletal muscle is muscle that is attached to bones. hmsreyes.weebly.com password - health CHAPTER 8 – Body Systems - Smooth Muscle – Smooth muscle is muscle that forms some _______________ organs. Cardiac Muscle – Cardiac muscle is muscle that forms the _______________. Muscles and Movement How Muscles Move Bones – When skeletal muscles contract, they _______________ on bones. When a muscle contracts, its two ends are pulled towards its center. If the two ends are attached to different bones, the bones are pulled towards each other. Lesson 4 – The Digestive System - Food and Nutrients What Is Digestion? Digestion is the process of _______________ down food into a form your body can use. What Are Nutrients? Nutrients are substances in food that the body needs to _______________ properly. - Solid Waste The Large Intestine and Food Material – The large intestine _______________ water and salts from the remaining food material. The parts of food that the body cannot use become solid waste. - Nondigestive Waste Material The Kidneys – The kidneys mix wastes with water to form urine. Urine is released from the body by the urinary system. The Lungs – Carbon dioxide is released from the body when you _______________. The Skin – Sweat glands in the skin remove salt and water by _______________. Lesson 5 – The Circulatory System - Blood Blood is made of the following things: 1. _______________ 2. Red blood cells 3. _______________ blood cells 4. Platelets Arteries – Arteries carry blood _______________ from the heart to various organs. Veins – Veins carry blood from various parts of the body back to the heart. Capillaries – Capillaries are very small _______________ that connect arteries and veins. Some capillaries are so small that you need a microscope to see them. - The Heart The heart muscle contracts to pump blood through the blood _______________. hmsreyes.weebly.com password - health CHAPTER 8 – Body Systems Lesson 6 – The Respiratory System - The Path of Air Air enters the body through the _______________ and the mouth and then moves to the pharynx, or throat. The air moves through the following organs next: 1. Larynx 2. Trachea 3. Bronchi 4. _______________ - Gas Exchange The Alveoli – The _______________ and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli. The Capillaries of the Lungs – The blood in the lung’s capillaries picks up oxygen from the alveoli and delivers it to the body’s _______________. When the blood returns to the lungs, it brings carbon dioxide. - The Breathing Process Inhalation – Inhalation is the process in which the air _______________ the lungs. Exhalation – Exhalation is the process in which the air _______________ the lungs. Lesson 7 – The Nervous System - Parts of the Nervous System The Brain – The major organ in the nervous system is the brain. Different parts of the brain control different _______________ functions. The Spinal Cord – The spinal cord is an organ that carries messages to and from the brain. These messages travel through groups of _______________. Nerves – A nerve is a bundle of cells that conducts messages from one part of the body to another. - Responding to Stimuli What Are Stimuli? Changes that cause a reaction are called stimuli. The eyes, ears, tongue, _______________, and skin sense stimuli outside the body and send messages to the brain and spinal cord through nerves. Reflexes – An automatic response to stimuli is called a _______________. hmsreyes.weebly.com password - health CHAPTER 8 – Body Systems Lesson 8 – Taking Care of Your Body Systems - Getting Exercise Helping the Skeleton and Muscles – Exercise keeps bones, joints, and muscles strong and _______________. Helping the Heart – Exercise strengthens the _______________, because the heart works faster during exercise. - Eating Healthy Foods Vitamins and Minerals – Vitamins and minerals from fruits and vegetables help a person _______________ and function properly. - Proteins – Protein from meat and dairy products helps build strong muscles and tissues. Carbohydrates – Carbohydrates from grains are a good source of _______________. Avoiding Tobacco and Other Drugs Poisoning Your Body – Tobacco products, alcohol, and illegal drugs can harm every system in your _______________. Damaging Your Nervous System – Drugs can change how the nervous system works. Because of this danger, drugs can affect the entire body. - Getting Enough Sleep The body repairs and heals injured parts during _______________. Without enough sleep, many organs—especially the brain—will not function correctly. - Drinking Water Drinking enough water can prevent many health problems. Most people should drink _______________ glasses of water each day. hmsreyes.weebly.com password - health