Download Biology HW Chapters 3435

Biology HW Chapters 3435 (Due May 23, Test May 28)
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. In general, how does the body’s response to hormones compare to its response to nerve impulses?
a. The body’s response to hormones is stronger than to nerve impulses.
b. The body’s response to hormones is faster and shorter than to nerve impulses.
c. The body responds in the same way to both hormones and nerve impulses.
d. The body’s response to hormones is slower and longer lasting than to nerve impulses.
2. A difference between steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones is that steroid hormones contain
a. sugar.
b. cholesterol.
c. protein.
d. RNA.
3. Read the following statements that describe the action of steroid hormones. What is the correct order in which
they occur?
1) The hormone binds to a receptor and forms a hormone-receptor complex.
2) The hormone passes across the cell membrane into the cell.
3) mRNA moves into the cytoplasm and directs protein synthesis.
4) The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and binds to regions of DNA.
5) Specific genes are transcribed to mRNA.
a. 1,2,4,5,3
b. 2,1,4,5,3
c. 1,4,3,5,2
d. 2,5,3,1,4
4. Unlike nonsteroid hormones, steroid hormones
a. remain outside the target cell.
b. bind to receptors inside the target cell.
c. have no target cells.
d. are made of proteins.
Figure 34–1
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5. Which structure in Figure 34–1 regulates the level of calcium in the blood?
a. C
b. D
c. E
d. F
6. Which structure in Figure 34–1 releases hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands?
a. B
b. D
c. E
d. F
7. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that occurs when which organ does not regulate the amount of glucose in the
blood?
a. adrenal
b. hypothalamus
c. pancreas
d. parathyroid
8. If your body’s hypothalamus is not functioning properly, which of the following will happen?
a. Your blood may become diluted by water that you drink.
b. You may become dehydrated because your kidneys will not hold onto enough water.
c. Your body will increase its production of thyroxine when your body temperature drops.
d. TRH will be secreted if thyroxine levels in the blood are low.
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9. Feedback inhibition means that an increase in a substance will
a. decrease production of that substance.
b. increase production of that substance.
c. increase the production of other substances.
d. stop production of another substance.
____ 10. Which hormone causes the kidneys to conserve water?
a. TSH
b. thyroxine
c. ADH
d. corticosteroids
____ 11. Which hormone is largely responsible for women having wider hips then men?
____ 12.
____ 13.
____ 14.
____ 15.
____ 16.
____ 17.
a. testosterone
b. estrogen
c. progesterone
d. FSH
Which hormone causes most men to grow facial hair?
a. testosterone
b. estrogen
c. progesterone
d. FSH
The testes don’t begin producing sperm and the ovaries do not begin releasing eggs until
a. birth.
b. fertilization.
c. gastrulation.
d. puberty.
Which nervous system regulates ejaculation?
a. central nervous system
b. sensory division
c. somatic nervous system
d. autonomic nervous system
About how many sperm are in one milliliter of semen?
a. 1,000-5,000
b. 250,000-500,000
c. 1-2 million
d. 50-130 million
A female’s ovaries release about how many mature eggs in her lifetime?
a. 100
b. 400
c. 50,000
d. 400,000
Which of the following is NOT a phase in the menstrual cycle?
a. menstruation
b. luteal
c. fertilization
d. ovulation
____ 18. When during the menstrual cycle does an egg have the best chance of being fertilized?
a. during the follicular phase
b. just before menstruation
c. the beginning of the luteal phase
d. the day of ovulation
____ 19. In 2008, a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed that how many girls and young
women aged 14 to 19 were infected with a sexually transmitted disease?
a. 1 in 4
b. 1 in 40
c. 1 in 400
d. 1 in 4,000
____ 20. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by bacteria?
a. hepatitis B
b. genital warts
c. AIDS
d. gonorrhea
____ 21. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by a virus?
a. syphilis
b. chlamydia
c. genital herpes
d. gonorrhea
____ 22. The most commonly reported bacterial infection in the United States is
a. AIDS.
b. chlamydia .
c. genital herpes.
d. gonorrhea.
Figure 34–3
____ 23. What is occurring in step 1 in Figure 34–3?
a. fertilization
b. formation of a zygote
c. ovulation
d. formation of a blastocyst
____ 24. In which structure in Figure 34–3 is fertilization occurring?
a. ovary
b. Fallopian tube
c. uterus
d. uterine wall
____ 25. During the process of fertilization, which step happens first?
a. The sperm’s nucleus enters the egg cell.
b. Enzymes break down the protective layer of the egg cell membrane.
c. A sperm attaches to a binding site on the egg cell membrane.
d. The cell membrane of the egg cell changes.
____ 26. Which of the following is a function of the placenta?
a. mixing the blood of the mother and the fetus
b. protecting the fetus from drugs, such as alcohol, in the mother’s body
c. providing nutrients to the fetus
d. cushioning and protecting the fetus
____ 27. If a woman is who is infected with HIV becomes pregnant,
a. the placenta will protect the fetus from HIV.
b. HIV can cross the placenta and infect the fetus.
c. HIV could harm the placenta.
d. the fetus will probably recover quickly from the disease.
____ 28. Read the following statements that describe childbirth. What is the correct order in which they occur?
1) Contractions force the baby out through the vagina.
2) Amniotic sac breaks and the fluid it contains rushes into the vagina.
3) The umbilical cord is clamped and cut.
4) The placenta and the amniotic sac are expelled from the uterus.
a. 4,2,1,3
b. 2,1,3,4
c. 1,3,2,4
d. 3,2,4,1
____ 29. The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by
a. toxins.
b. microorganisms.
c. heredity.
d. pollutants in the environment.
____ 30. Read the following statements that describe the steps that lead one to identify the microorganism that causes a
specific disease. What is the correct order in which they occur?
1) The purified pathogens should cause the same disease in a new host.
2) The pathogen must be found in the body of a sick organism and not a healthy one.
3) The pathogen should be isolated and grown in a pure culture.
4) The pathogen should be isolated from the second host.
____ 31.
____ 32.
____ 33.
____ 34.
____ 35.
____ 36.
____ 37.
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 3,1,4,2
c. 4,2,3,1
d. 2,3,1,4
An infectious disease is one that is caused by
a. heredity.
b. pollutants in the environment.
c. pathogens.
d. hemophilia.
Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?
a. warts
b. athlete’s foot
c. African sleeping sickness
d. strep throat
How are infectious diseases spread?
a. through coughing, sneezing, or physical contact
b. through contaminated water and food
c. by infected animals
d. all of the above
Which of these adaptations helps spread the bacteria that cause tuberculosis?
a. an ability to cause diarrhea in the host
b. an ability to make the host cough
c. an ability to be carried by vectors, such as bats
d. an ability to survive in contaminated water
How can you prevent the spread of Lyme disease?
a. Wash your hands frequently.
b. Avoid sexual contact.
c. Avoid tall grasses and wooded areas.
d. Cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough.
Giardia intestinalis, which causes severe diarrhea, is transmitted
a. through sexual contact.
b. through the air when a person coughs.
c. in contaminated water.
d. by holding hands.
The inflammatory response can cause
a. permanent immunity.
b. pain, swelling, and fever.
c. antibodies to bind to antigens.
d. cytotoxic T cells to attack infected cells.
Figure 35–1
____ 38. Which type of immune response is being shown in Figure 35–1?
a. cell-mediated response
b. humoral response
c. inflammatory response
d. autoimmune response
____ 39. Using Figure 35–1, arrange the following statements in the correct order.
1. Phagocytes engulf and destroy the bacteria that damage cells.
2. Pathogens enter the body causing mast cells to release histamines increasing blood flow.
3. Blood vessels expand. Fluid leaves the capillaries and causes swelling.
a. 3,1,2
b. 3,2,1
c. 2,3,1
d. 2,1,3
____ 40. Which of the following describes your immune system’s specific defenses?
a. They respond to a general threat of infection.
b. They respond to a particular pathogen.
c. They include fever and inflammation of the infection site.
d. all of the above
____ 41. During the winter you become sick with the flu. Shortly after that, you become sick with strep throat. Will the
same type of B-cells that fought the pathogen that caused the flu fight the pathogen that causes strep throat?
a. Yes. Every B cell is capable of fighting every pathogen with which it comes in contact.
b. Yes. B cells recognize similar antigens such as bacterial and viral pathogens.
c. No. B cells fight viruses while T cells fight bacteria.
d. No. Each B cell is capable of recognizing one specific antigen.
____ 42. Which of these are the main working cells of the immune response?
a. self and nonself cells
b. B cells and T cells
c. antigens and antibodies
d. histamines and interferons
Figure 35–2
____ 43. What type of immune response is shown in Figure 35–2?
a. nonspecific response
b. humoral response
c. cell-mediated response
d. inflammatory response
____ 44. Which step in Figure 35–2 shows the destruction of an infected cell?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
____ 45. Which step in Figure 35–2 shows a virus being consumed by a cell?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
____ 46. Which of these is an example of active immunity?
a. a pregnant woman passing antibodies to the fetus across the placenta
b. a pregnant woman giving antibodies to an infant through breast milk
c. a person developing antibodies against the measles vaccine
d. a person receiving antibody shots after being bitten by a rabid animal
____ 47. Which of these is an example of passive immunity?
a. a person develops antibodies to fight off an ear infection
b. antibodies are passed from a pregnant woman to an infant through breast milk
c. a person develops antibodies against the measles vaccine
d. a person is vaccinated for hepatitis B
____ 48. Which of the following are public health measures that have helped fight disease?
a. regulating food supplies
b. monitoring water supplies
c. promoting vaccinations
d. all of the above
____ 49. In 1900, more than 30 percent of deaths in the U.S. were caused by infectious disease. In 2005, what percent
of deaths were caused by infectious disease?
a. 0%
b. less than 5%
c. 30%
d. more than 30%
____ 50. Which of these is the first antibiotic that was mass-produced to treat humans?
a. amoxicillin
b. penicillin
c. histamine
d. streptococcus
____ 51. Antibiotics are effective at treating
a. a common cold, but not genital warts.
b. a tapeworm infection, but not botulism.
c. strep throat, but not the flu.
d. athlete’s foot, but not an ear infection.
____ 52. Which of the following is a relatively new disease?
a. polio
b. smallpox
c. West Nile virus
d. all of the above
____ 53. Vaccinations and other public health measures had eliminated which disease globally by 1980?
a. AIDS
b. tuberculosis
c. smallpox
d. Ebola
____ 54. The misuse of antibiotics has led to the re-emergence of which disease?
a. tuberculosis
b. measles
c. smallpox
d. “bird flu”
____ 55. What happens when a person who is allergic to ragweed encounters ragweed?
a. Ragweed antigens bind to mast cells, which release histamines.
b. Ragweed antibodies attack the immune system.
c. Mast cells release antihistamines into the bloodstream.
d. The cells of the immune system become weakened.
____ 56. Autoimmune diseases result when the immune system
a. fails to distinguish self from nonself.
b. overreacts to certain antigens.
c. is weakened by asthma.
d. all of the above
____ 57. What causes asthma?
a. Bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics infect the body.
b. Particular antigens trigger muscle contractions that make it difficult to breathe.
c. Antibodies and cytotoxic T cells attack cells in the tissues of the lungs.
d. Antibodies and cytotoxic T cells attack cells in the lining of the heart.
____ 58. Antibodies attack tissues around joints in
a. rheumatoid arthritis.
b. myasthenia gravis.
c. lupus.
d. Type I diabetes.
Figure 35–3
____ 59. In Figure 35–3, about how many more 13–24-year-olds were living with AIDS in 2006 than in 2002?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2,500
6,000
8,500
14,500
____ 60. Read the following statements that describe an HIV infection. What is the correct order in which they occur?
1) Reverse transcriptase uses viral RNA as a template to make viral DNA.
2) Virus coat fuses with cell membrane and viral RNA enters the cell.
3) Virus attaches to host cell membrane.
4) The new viruses bud off from the host cell membrane.
5) Viral DNA enters nucleus and inserts itself into host DNA.
6) Viral mRNA directs the host cell to assemble viral proteins.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2,3,6,1,5,4
2,3,1,5,6,4
3,2,1,6,5,4
3,2,1,5,6,4
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 61. Exocrine glands release their secretions into the bloodstream. _________________________
____ 62. Aspirin can relieve the pain of a headache because it inhibits the synthesis of hormones.
_________________________
____ 63. A nonsteroid hormone enters a target cell by passing across its cell membrane. _________________________
____ 64. While standing outside waiting for the school bus on a cold day, your body maintains its core temperature by
decreasing the amount of thyroxine in your blood. ______________________________
____ 65. Glands lining the male reproductive tract produce a nutrient-rich fluid called sperm.
_________________________
____ 66. During ovulation, an increased estrogen level triggers a decrease in LH and FSH from the pituitary.
_________________________
____ 67. The process in which the blastocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus and begins to grow in the tissues of the
mother is called gastrulation. _________________________
____ 68. Within a few hours after birth, the pituitary hormone oxytocin stimulates the production of milk in the breast
tissues of the mother. _________________________
____ 69. A germ is the scientific name for any disease-causing organism. _________________________
____ 70. Lysozyme, an enzyme that breaks down the cell walls of bacteria, is a part of the body’s specific defenses.
_________________________
____ 71. When a mosquito bites a person, the pathogen enters the blood and the body’s first line of defense swings into
action. _________________________
____ 72. Cell-mediated immunity is carried out by T lymphocytes. _________________________
____ 73. One reason for the emergence of new diseases is the increase in domestic animal trade.
_________________________
____ 74. Autoimmune diseases can be treated. _________________________
____ 75. Over a period of years, HIV kills most of a person’s B cells. _________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
76. Because steroid hormones are made of ____________________, they can easily cross cell membranes.
77. The thyroid gland is controlled by the ____________________ and the ____________________.
78. When you drink a lot of water, the organ that prevents your blood from becoming too dilute by removing
excess water from it is the ____________________.
79. If the temperature of the scrotum increases by 5º Celsius, ____________________ may not develop properly.
80. In the female body, each egg is surrounded by a ____________________, which breaks open when the egg is
mature.
81. During ____________________, three germ layers form. They are called ____________________, ectoderm,
and mesoderm.
82. Chickenpox, tetanus, and malaria are all examples of ____________________ diseases.
83. Mosquitoes that carry disease-causing organisms from person to person are called ____________________.
84. Any opening in the skin is a potential entrance for ____________________.
85. Chemicals known as ____________________ increase the flow of blood and fluids to the affected area as
part of the body’s inflammatory response.
86. Humoral immunity is activated when ____________________ embedded on a few existing B cells bind to
antigens on the surface of invading pathogens.
87. An English physician named ____________________ performed an experiment in which he developed a
vaccine for smallpox.
88. Many strains of the pathogens that cause diseases like tuberculosis are evolving _________________ to a
wide variety of antibiotics and other medications.
89. During an allergy attack, antigens cause ____________________ to release ____________________.
90. A person who has ____________________ is likely to suffer from a number of other rare infections because
the virus that causes the disease attacks the immune system.