Download Islamic Empires

Islamic Empires
After the early spread of Islam, three large
Islamic empires formed–the Ottoman,
Safavid, and Mughal.
Main Ideas
• Muslim armies conquered many lands into
which Islam slowly spread.
• Trade helped Islam spread into new areas.
• Three Muslim empires controlled much of
Europe, Asia, and Africa from the 1400s to
the 1800s.
Muslim armies conquered many lands into
which Islam slowly spread.
•After Muhammad’s death, Abu Bakr became
the first caliph, the title that Muslims use for
the highest leader of Islam.
•Caliphs were not religious leaders, but
political and military leaders.
•Abu Bakr directed a series of battles against
Arab tribes who did not follow Muhammad’s
teachings. He had united Arabia into a unified
Muslim state by his death in AD 634.
Muslim armies conquered many lands into
which Islam slowly spread.
•Muslim armies battled tribes that did not
follow Muhammad’s teachings.
•The Muslim armies united Arabia, then
defeated the Persian and Byzantine empires.
•Christians and Jews could continue to practice
their own religion.
•Muslim forces invaded Spain and conquered it
in AD 711.
Trade helped Islam spread into new areas.
• Along with their trade goods, Arab merchants took
Islamic beliefs to new lands.
• Islam spread to India, Africa, and Southeast Asia.
• Trade brought new products to Muslim lands.
• Travelers learned how to make paper from the
Chinese.
• Merchants brought crops of cotton, rice, and oranges
from India, China, and Southeast Asia.
• Muslim merchants set up trade businesses in Africa.
• Muslims generally practiced tolerance, or acceptance,
with regard to the people they came in contact with.
Growth of Cities
Baghdad
• Capital of
Islamic Empire
• One of the
world’s richest
cities through
trade and
farming.
• Center of
culture and
learning
Growth of Cities
Cordoba
• By the AD 900s, was
the largest and most
advanced city in
Europe
• Showplace of Muslim
civilization
Three Muslim empires controlled much of
Europe, Asia, and Africa from the 1400s to the
1800s.
• The great era of Arab Muslim expansion
lasted until the 1100s.
• Three non-Arab Muslim groups built
large, powerful empires that took control
of much of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
• Ottomans were Muslim Turkish warriors who took
territory in the mid-1200s.
• They had new gunpowder weapons.
• Mehmed II and Suleyman I led conquests that
turned the Ottomans into a world power.
• Ottomans took control of the eastern
Mediterranean and pushed farther into Europe
from 1520–1566.
• They would control these areas until the early
1800s.
Ottoman Empire
The Safavid Empire
The Safavid Empire
• Safavids were Persian Muslims.
• A conflict arose over who should be caliph among the
Safavids, Ottomans, and other Muslims.
• Islam split into two groups.
1. The Shia thought that only members of
Muhammad’s family could become caliphs.
2. The Sunni thought it did not matter as long as
they were good Muslims and strong leaders.
• The Safavids blended Persian and Muslim traditions.
• The Safavid Empire lasted until the mid-1700s.
The Safavid Empire
The Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire
• The Mughal Empire was located in northern India
and was comprised of Turkish Muslims from Central
Asia.
• Babur established the Mughal Empire, but it grew
mostly under an emperor named Akbar.
• Akbar’s tolerant policies allowed Muslims and
Hindus to live in peace.
• The Taj Mahal was built in Agra, India by Shah Jahan
as a tomb for his wife.
• In the late 1600s, an emperor reversed the tolerant
policies, which led to conflicts and the end of the
empire.
Cultural Achievements
Muslim scholars and artists made
important contributions to science, art,
and literature.
Main Ideas
• Muslim scholars made lasting contributions
to the fields of science and philosophy.
• In literature and the arts, Muslim
achievements included beautiful poetry,
memorable short stories, and splendid
architecture.