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Transcript
The Renaissance The Renaissance begins in Italy • The Renaissance begins in Italy and spreads north to the rest of Europe. • Italy was the center of trade between northern Europe and Africa. • It was the center of Greco-Roman culture. • It was the center of the Catholic Church. • The Renaissance runs between 1300 and 1650. The Beginning • The term Renaissance means “rebirth” in Latin. • It was the rebirth of art and learning. • It was influenced by very powerful families such as the Medici family. • The Medici’s were bankers out of Florence. • The families gave support to various artists. Characteristics of the Renaissance • • • • Humanism Individualism Questioning Attitude Interest in Secular, or non-religious worldly matters. • Rise of the middle class (Disposable income) • Great achievements in the arts. Humanism • Humanism is the idea that is focused on human achievements and potential rather than religious themes. • Focused on the man and his world. • Concentrated on everyday human problems and relationships. • Humanists focus on pleasure rather than morality. Humanism • The secular nature of humanism, as well as it’s questioning attitude, often brought it into conflict with the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and Medieval thinking. Medieval Art • Artists depicted subjects in an unrealistic twodimensional style to indicate the importance of the soul over the body. Renaissance Art • Use of oil paints • 3-D and realism were the new techniques of the Renaissance. Characteristics of Renaissance Art • • • • Three dimensional Realistic Lifelike Influenced by Greco-Roman culture Renaissance Artists • • • • Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael Donatello Leonardo da Vinci • Da Vinci was considered the “Renaissance Man” • Was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and a scientist. The Last Supper Raphael • The Coronation of the Virgin The Foligno Madonna Michelangelo • David Michelangelo • The Sistine Chapel in Rome Donatello • John the Baptist Renaissance Writers • Began to use the vernacular (vernacular = the native language) instead of classical Latin. • Machiavelli- wrote The Prince a handbook for behavior. Machiavelli • Machiavelli was a political philosopher • The Prince advised kings how to rule. • In Machiavelli’s way of thinking, there are no means which the end does not justify (The end justifies the means). The Renaissance Moves North • Because of the plague, it was not until 1450 did northern Europe enjoy the economic growth that helped support the Renaissance in Italy. • Northern artists and writers imitated Italian styles while adding new methods and ideas of their own. • As a result of the printing press, books became more available and people became more literate. Humanism in Europe • Northern Humanists stressed education and classical learning, however, unlike the Italian humanists, they emphasized religious themes. • They believed that the revival should be used to bring about religious and moral reform. Shakespeare • The best known Renaissance writer was William Shakespeare. • Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 37 plays that are still performed around the world. The Printing Revolution • In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the bible using movable metal type on a machine called a printing press. • Printed books became cheap and easier to produce that hand copies. • Now readers gained access to broad range of knowledge (Medicine to Religion) • The printing press would greatly contribute to the Protestant Reformation.