Download word doc leoce study guide with answers

REVIEW FOR CEOCEs
WEATHER AND OCEAN CURRENTS:
NAME:
KEY TERMS: climate, ocean currents (surface/deeper ocean – density), greenhouse gases,
infrared radiation, global winds, evaporation, water cycle, weather, ozone layer
16. Why is the sun important to the water cycle? 552 The SUN’s energy powers the water cycle
.
17. Explain the effects of ocean currents on climate. 608
Warm currents create: Warm moist climates
Cold currents create: Cool dry climates
18. Ocean currents:
What causes surface currents on the oceans? 605 WIND!!!
What causes deep water currents? 607 Temperature and salinity
19. What effect does Earth’s rotation have on global wind patterns? Use the term CORIOLIS
EFFECT in your answer. Because the earth rotates on its axis, the winds bend due to the Coriolis Effect.
20. Explain how air moves in a convection current. Warm air rises, cool air sinks
21. What factors affect the salinity of the ocean?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rainfall
Evaporation
TEMPERATURE
River water discharge
underwater volcanoes
hydrothermal vents
22. TWO factors that influence ocean surface temperature are: A) LATITUDE
23. Compare and contrast weather and climate.
Weather is: CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
Climate is: LONG TERM PATTERNS OF WEATHER
24. How do each of the following affect or protect life?
OZONE: BLOCKS UV RADIATION
WATER VAPOR:
HOLD HEAT IN THE ATMOSPHERE
CARBON DIOXIDE:
B) SEASON
EARTH’s STRUCTURE AND THE ROCK CYCLE
KEY TERMS: erosion, igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, fossils, delta, deposition, weathering,
sinkhole, chemical weathering, cavern, deforestation
25. Explain the difference between weathering and erosion and how they affect coastlines.
Weathering is: Breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces
Erosion is: Movement of sediments, rocks, silt, or soil.
Waves affect shorelines by: Waves break down shoreline rocks and move sand parallel to the beachline.
26. Describe how weathering/erosion/deposition create deltas, sinkholes, canyon, dunes, and alluvial fans.
Delta: eroded material is carried by moving water and is deposited at the mouths of rivers.
Canyon: Water erodes through layers of rock
Sinkhole: limestone bedrock is chemically eroded (dissolves) When underground caves
collapse, sinkholes form.
Dunes: wind deposits sand or silt; wind can move dunes
Alluvial Fans: Depositions of sediments at the base of a mountain. Fan shaped
27. Identify the three main types of rocks, how they are formed, how they move through the rock cycle
Igneous: Formed when molten rock cools and hardens.
Sedimentary: Sediments become compacted and cemented together. MAY CONTAIN FOSSILS
Metamorphic: Heat and Pressure cause existing rock to change
Which type of rock listed above may contain FOSSILS? SEDIMENTARY
28. How does deforestation affect Earth’s surface? Destabilizes hillsides – landslides!!
29. When sediments are deposited, different sizes of rocks are deposited in order.
When the water moves fast it can carry many sizes of rock, sand, and silt.
Rocks that are deposited first: LARGER ROCKS
Deposited next: SMALLER ROCKS
Fine silt may be carried a long way and is deposited last. (may become a delta or alluvial fan)
30. How can you tell a stone has traveled a long way in water or wind? Knocking against other rocks,
sand, etc, makes a well-traveled stone very, very smooth
REVIEW FOR CEOCEs
PLATE TECTONICS: NAME:
Key Terms:
Tectonic Plate Boundary, earthquake, mid-ocean ridge, volcanoes, bedrock,
sediments, crust, mantle, core, uplift, hot spots
30. Identify the layers of the Earth in order from center to outside. (can you put
them in the opposite order, as well?
22-23
Inner core- solid, iron and
nickel
Outer core: Liquid iron and
nickel
Mantle: Rock. Some parts are
PLASTIC and go through
convection
(lithosphere: Upper mantle
and crust)
CRUST: rocky and rigid, brittle
31. What does the law of Superposition say? 336 In undisturbed rock layers:
Oldest layers of rock are at the bottom, younger layers on top.
32. What evidence is used to divide geologic time? 366
FOSSIL evidence
33A. How do fossils support the idea that UPLIFT has occurred on continents? 265
Fossils of sea organisms are often found high in the mountains.
33B. How do fossils support the idea of Continental Drift? 207 Fossils of the same
organism are found on continents that are far away from each other. Some fossil
deposits form patterns that can be connected like a puzzle.
34. In general, MOST earthquakes and volcanoes occur at or near PLATE
BOUNDARIES. 290
35. What are three kinds of evidence that support the idea of CONTINENTAL
DRIFT? 205-207
a. Some continents fit together like puzzle pieces (Africa, S. America)
b. Fossil evidence on distant continents
c. Same rock formations (Appalachians and mtns in Greenland and UK)
36A. What kind of ocean floor features are found at DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES?
Mid-Oceanic Ridges 224
36B. What kind of ocean floor features are found at CONVERGENT boundaries?
Volcanoes and Ocean trenches.224
37A. What occurs at ocean-continent plate boundaries that causes volcanoes to
form several miles inland? Ocean floor crust SUBDUCTS under continental crust,
causing heat and friction.
37B What is a hot spot and what formations are found there? A hot spot is where
a plume of molten material is rising from the mantle. Here, volcanos form that are
far from plate boundaries. (example – Hawaii)
Why do scientists repeat the same experiment? Make sure the results are
consistent!