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Noun A noun is the name of something real: a person, place, thing, creature, quality, or idea. Noun suffixes usually are: -ness -ity -ance/ence -ship -tion/sion -ment 1 © 2014 Action Verbs Something your body can do. For example: run, jump, play, think, sing Action Verbs tell what the subject of a sentence is doing or did. 2 © 2014 Adverbs Adverbs answer: how much, where, and rank or degree. · They modify verbs, especially –ly loudly,sadly, · They modify other adverbs –very · They modify adjectives – her purr was loud. = her purr was thunderously loud. Note: Apply –ly to adj = adv. 3 © 2014 Prepositions 1) Show the position of noun: popcorn is in the bucket 2) Show the direction of a noun: going to the zebra 3) Tell when noun happens: After napping, the baby wakes. 4 © 2014 Adjectives Tell what kind, how many, which one. Adjectives add information to nouns. Job: Modify nouns or pronouns The ____ clown. big clown, tall clown, funny clown “A, an, and the” are adjectives called articles, “the” is the most common adjective. 5 © 2014 Phrases A group of related words that do not stand alone as a sentence. a) Noun phrase: the student b) Verb phrase: wrote a report c) Prepositional phrase: about a fish d) Appositive phrase: our first pet Phrases work together to form a sentence. The student wrote a report about a fish, our first pet. 6 © 2014 Declarative sentence: to tell A declarative sentence beings with a capital letter, tells a complete thought and ends with a period. The planet spins. (what) (does what) 7 © 2014 Pronoun Used instead of a noun. Sam ran home. Sue ran home. “He” ran home. “She” ran home. ran home They I Me He 8 It She Us Them © 2014 Linking Verbs A linking verb connects! Kayla is good. Is connects Kayla to good. “Ising” is not something Kayla can do. Be, is, are, was, were, has, been, being, become, seem, seems. If you can substitute am, is, or are in a sentence you have a linking verb. They explain the condition of the subject noun. 9 © 2014 Auxiliary Verbs Help the main verb in a sentence, may need more than one of them. I should have been driving the car. Drive is the main verb that needs help. 10 © 2014 Concrete Nouns A concrete noun is a person, place, thing, or creature, something you can put a sticky note on. A concrete noun is something you can touch. For example: mother, father, friend, dog, toy, car, cat, book, tree 11 © 2014 Proper Noun A proper noun always begins with a capital letter because it is the official name of a specific person, place, thing, creature, quality, or idea. 12 © 2014 Abstract Nouns An abstract noun can only be felt or experienced. Abstract nouns are qualities or ideas. Examples: sweetness, sourness, friendship, love, happiness, silliness 13 © 2014 Conjunction Connect groups of words 1) And, but, or, nor, for, so, yet 2) Either/or, neither/nor, but/and 3) (adverbs) After, although, as, as if, when, where, while, though, unless, until 14 © 2014 Interjections Strong Emotion=! Lessor=, Hey! No hitting. Using “oh” use a comma Inside sentence, use only for natural pauses 2 commas Oh, my phone is ringing. Your paper was, ahem, so poorly written, it stank! Wow, a big fish. Ha! You missed. I heard your speech and, um, not good Oh yes! 15 © 2014 Sentence Subject 1) Who or what in the sentence that does something. 2) Bob ran. Bob, who ran, is the subject. 16 © 2014 Sentence predicate The verb that tells about the subject. Bob ran. Ran, the predicate, tells about Bob. 17 © 2014 Clauses A Clause is group of words with a subject and a predicate. 1) An Independent Clause can stand alone as a sentence and is a complete thought: I ride my bike to school. 2) A Dependent Clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and is not a complete thought: When the weather is nice 18 © 2014 Complex Sentences An Independent Clause + a Dependent Clause I ride my bike to school (Independent Clause), when the weather is nice. (Dependent Clause) 19 © 2014 Nouns as the objects of verbs Paws, my bird, ate bones. (Bones is the object of the verb ate.) 20 © 2014 Nouns as objects of prepositions Paws, my bird, ate bones from a bowl. (Bowl is the object of the preposition from.) 21 © 2014 Pronoun Types Personal: I, we, you, he, she, it Personal Plural: They, them, who, whom, whoever, whomever Indefinite: anybody, everybody, either, neither, each, any Demonstrative: this, that, these, those Possessive: my, mine, yours, your, her, hers, his, their, theirs, our, ours, its 22 © 2014 Colon : Means a list is next Here is my grocery list: candles, a cake, balloons, ice cream, and 300 hats. 23 © 2014 Semicolon ; Can take the place of a conjunction to separate two independent clauses (2 short sentences) We painted the house orange; that was the only color left at the paint store. 24 © 2014 Subject-Verb agreement Singular subject = singular verb Bob helps the class. The boys help the pets. 25 © 2014 Singular (single) possessive All about ownership Single noun + ‘s = owns it Cat + ’s = cat’s bowl Boy + ‘s = boy’s job Car + ‘s =car’s engine. 26 © 2014