Download Layers of the Earth

Alison Dunaway
Ashley Davis
Jamie Brown
Rachel Oliver
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Earth’s physical model• The Crust?
• The Mantle?
• The Core (inner and
outer)?
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Earth’s chemical model• Lithosphere?
• Asthenosphere?
• Mesosphere?
• Outer Core?
• Inner Core?
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When talking about the layers of the earth, most people have knowledge of
the physical model but not so much about the chemical model.
The physical model has four main parts to it.
The outer most layer being the crust, then mantle, followed by the cores, outer
and inner.
The chemical model has four main parts as well.
The lithosphere is first, then the asthenosphere, followed by the mesosphere,
and then the cores, outer and inner.
Physical Model
Chemical Model
MANTLE
CRUST
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It covers the mantle and is the earth's
hard outer shell, the surface on which
we are living on.
It’s made up of solid material but this
material is not the same everywhere.
It is constantly moving!
Which causes earthquakes,
mountains, volcanoes, and so much
more!
It makes up only about 1% of the
Earth and is the thinnest layer
compared to the other 3 layers.
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It extends to a depth of
approximately 1,800 miles, and is
made of a thick solid rocky
substance that represents about
85% of the total weight and mass
of the Earth.
It’s the largest layer of the Earth.
It is largely composed of
substances rich in iron and
magnesium.
CORE

INNER core is generally
believed to be solid and
composed primarily of iron
and some nickel.

OUTER core surrounds the
inner core and is believed
to be composed of liquid
iron and nickel.
 Lithosphere
• (up to 50 km)
 Asthenosphere
• (60-300 km)
 Mesosphere
• (600-2,500 km)
 Outer
core
• (3,000-5,000 km)
 Inner
core
• (5,000-6,500 km)
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Is the solid crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, and
consisting mainly of the cold, rigid, rocky crust of the earth
The brittle uppermost shell of the earth, broken into a
number of tectonic plates. The lithosphere consists of the
heavy oceanic and lighter continental crusts, and the
uppermost portion of the mantle.
The thickness of the lithosphere varies from to around 1 mi
(1.6 km) at the mid-ocean ridges to approximately 80 mi
(130 km) beneath older oceanic crust. The thickness of the
continental lithospheric plates is probably around 185 mi
(300 km) but is uncertain due to the irregular presence of
the Moho discontinuity. The lithosphere rests on a soft layer
called the asthenosphere, over which the plates of the
lithosphere glide.
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The asthenosphere is composed of matter in the molten or semimolten state. Asthenosphere temperature is normally between
1,400 degree Celsius to 3,000 degree Celsius. The very high
temperatures in this layer cause everything, including rocks, to
melt. It is composed mainly of silicates of iron and magnesium.
The temperature of the asthenosphere varies with that of the core.
At certain regions on the earth's surface where the temperature of
the core is higher, the matter building up the asthenosphere may
be found in a molten state.
The asthenosphere plays an integral part in the movement of
tectonic plates of the earth's crust. The tectonic plates are parts of
the lithosphere, which float on the semisolid asthenosphere below.
It is these plates that are responsible for major geological changes
such as formation of mountains, rift valleys, plateaus and also
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
 “Mesosphere” (not
to be confused with
mesosphere, a layer of the atmosphere) is
derived from “mesospheric shell.”
 Is the solid remaining layer of the mantle
below the asthenosphere.
 The mesosphere refers to the mantle in the
region between the asthenosphere and the
outer core. The upper boundary is defined
as the sharp increase in seismic wave
velocities and density at a depth of 660 km.
 Is
a liquid layer below the mesosphere.
 Consists of liquid Iron and Nickel (same
as physical model.)
 Is
a solid center of the Earth.
 Consists of solid iron compounds (same
as physical model.)
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL
 http://livingsta.hubpages.com/hub/Plan
et-Earth-for-Kids
 http://www.buzzle.com/articles/fourmain-layers-of-the-earth.html
 http://www.physicalgeography.net/funda
mentals/10h.html