Download Exam 1, Version 2 - NMSU Instructure

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Name:
Biol 211G. Cellular & Organismal Biology.
SECTION M01. VERSION: 2
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1.
B
Which of the following is NOT true of all living organisms?
a. they are made of cells
b. they use RNA as their genetic material
c. they all pass on genetic instructions during reproduction
d. they are all related
2.
A
The graph below shows the data from a clinical trial looking at the impact of a fecal transplant
(infusion of feces from a donor) on resolving (curing) C. difficile diarrhea (diarrhea caused by the
bacterium C. difficile). Patients were treated, and their clinical response (lessening of the symptoms)
was measured.
van Nood et al. (2013). Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium diffiicile. NEJM 368: 407.
In this experiment, what was the dependent variable?
a. percent of patients cured
b. donor feces
c. vancomycin
d. bowel lavage (washing)
3.
A
Which variable is manipulated in a controlled experiment?
a. the independent variable
b. the dependent variable
c. the control variable
d. no variable
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4.
C
Lop-eared rabbits have long ears.
A breeder wants to make them even longer, by mating (crossing) long-eared females with long-eared
males. In one mating (Cross A) the 7 offspring have ears that average 7.9 inches in length. In another
cross (Cross B), the ears of the 9 offspring average 7.2 inches in length. Scientifically speaking,
which cross would you use to breed bunnies with significantly longer ears?
a. Cross A
b. Cross B
c. Impossible to say until you run a statistical analysis to see if these differences are real
5.
D
In the mice experiment from your book, what was the INDEPENDENT variable?
a. the actual color of the habitat
b. the actual color of the mice
c. predation rate
d. whether or not the mice were camouflaged
6.
D
What is the genetic information passed on by parents to the next generation?
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. DNA
7.
C
Which of the following is the best statement about data that is consistent with a hypothesis?
a. the hypothesis has been proven
b. the hypothesis needs to be thrown out
c. the hypothesis has been supported
d. the data are wrong
8.
C
What is the “spark” that initiates a scientific investigation?
a. a testable hypothesis
b. statistical analysis
c. observations
d. controlled experiments
9.
D
There have been some observations that coffee drinkers generally have lower rates of Parkinson’s
disease. Scientists want to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between caffeine intake and
Parkinson’s disease. They have a group of 300 males, ages 55-65 who will each drink 3 cups of
caffeinated coffee each day. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
a. gender
b. age
c. caffeine
d. Parkinson’s disease
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10.
C
The graph below shows the data from a clinical trial looking at the impact of a fecal transplant
(infusion of feces from a donor) on resolving (curing) C. difficile diarrhea (diarrhea caused by the
bacterium C. difficile). Patients were treated, and their clinical response (lessening of the symptoms)
was measured.
van Nood et al. (2013). Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium diffiicile. NEJM 368: 407.
Based on the data presented, what appears to be the most effective treatment?
a. vancomycin with bowel lavage
b. vancomycin
c. infusion (transplant) of donor feces
11.
B
If you do a controlled experiment and the results are in agreement with the results predicted by your
hypothesis, what can you say?
a. the hypothesis has been proven
b. the data support the hypothesis
c. the hypothesis must be rejected until more experiments are carried out
d. you have proven that your independent variable is the ONLY variable influencing your question
and hypothesis
12.
A
There have been some observations that coffee drinkers have lower rates of Parkinson’s disease.
Scientists want to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between caffeine intake and
Parkinson’s disease. They have a group of 300 males, ages 55-65 who will each drink 3 cups of
caffeinated coffee each day. Which of the following is the best control group for this experiment?
a. 300 55-65 year old males who drink 3 cups of decaffeinated coffee each day
b. 300 55-65 year old females who drink 3 cups of caffeinated coffee each day
c. 300 55-65 year old males who drink 3 cans of Pepsi® each day
d. 300 55-65 year old females who drink 3 cups of decaffeinated coffee each day
13.
D
Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?
a. it is the actual answer to the experimental question
b. it is the conclusion you draw, based on the data analysis
c. it is a wild guess about what might be going on
d. it is a possible answer to your question, based on prior knowledge
14.
D
What was an unusual observation about cells from affected areas of tissue in Proteus syndrome?
a. they did not divide in culture
b. they only divided when growth factors were present
c. they only divided when growth factors were absent
d. they divided whether or not growth factors were present
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15.
C
In the mice experiment from your book, what was the DEPENDENT variable?
a. the actual color of the habitat
b. the actual color of the mice
c. predation rate
d. whether or not the mice were camouflaged
16.
B
What is the relationship between a gene and a protein?
a. a gene is made of a protein
b. a gene encodes a protein
c. a protein is a form of a gene
d. both genes and proteins are made of DNA
17.
E
Which tissue(s) served as the control in the Proteus syndrome experiment?
a. affected tissues from Proteus syndrome patients
b. unaffected tissues from Proteus syndrome patients
c. tissues from people who do not have Proteus syndrome
d. all of the above
e. b and c
18.
B
Adding the number of protons to the number of neutrons gives ________________.
a. the atomic number
b. the atomic mass
c. the atomic identity
d. the charge of the atom
19.
A
In the Proteus syndrome example, what was observed about cells from unaffected areas of tissue?
a. they didn’t divide unless growth factors were present
b. they died when growth factor were absent
c. they divided even when growth factors were absent
d. they never divided, under any conditions
20.
B
A polar covalent bond is a(n)
a. equally shared pair of electrons
b. unequally shared pair of electrons
c. weak electrical attraction
d. strong electrical attraction
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21.
D
Which bond(s) below (A, B or C) is/are a nonpolar covalent bond?
A
B
C
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. None of them are nonpolar covalent bonds
22.
E
The figure below is from your book. It shows the results of the mouse predation experiments.
B
C
A
Which bars show control data?
a. A & B
b. C & D
c. A & C
d. B & D
e. A & D
f. B & C
D
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23.
C
The figure below is from your book. It presents the data from the mice predation experiments.
What test do you need to do in order to be sure about making a conclusion about these results?
a. a test with different species
b. a test in different environments
c. a statistical test
d. all of the above
24.
A
Which of the following gives the identity of an atom?
a. atomic number
b. atomic mass
c. number of neutrons
d. number of electrons in the valence shell
25.
C
Which bond(s) below (A, B or C) is/are a hydrogen bond?
A
B
C
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. A and C
e. none of the above
26.
A
Silicone has 14 protons and 14 neutrons. What is its atomic mass?
a. 28
b. 42
c. 14
d. 7
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27.
B
Potassium ions have 19 protons and 18 electrons. What is the charge on a potassium ion?
a. 0
b. +1
c. +2
d. +3
e. -2
28.
E
Which particle(s) is/are found in the nucleus of an atom?
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. all of the above
e. a and b
29.
B
Sulfur has 16 protons and 16 neutrons. How many electrons are in the valence shell?
a. 14
b. 6
c. 4
d. 2
30.
C
Ionic bonds occur between
a. two atoms equally sharing a pair of electrons
b. two atoms unequally sharing a pair of electrons
c. two oppositely charged ions
d. a partial positive hydrogen and a partial negative oxygen
31.
B
What is this molecule?
a. a monosaccharide
b. an amino acid
c. a fatty acid
d. a nucleotide
32.
B
Prions are
a. denatured proteins in the nervous system
b. proteins with an altered structure in the nervous system
c. the building blocks of proteins
d. a type of virus found in beef products
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33.
C
Magnesium ions have 12 protons and 10 electrons. What is the charge on a magnesium ion?
a. 0
b. +1
c. +2
d. +3
e. -2
34.
B
If a fatty acid has a carbon=carbon double bond in it, which of the following must be true?
a. it will have a straight chain
b. it will have kinked chain
c. it will be solid at room temperature
d. a & c
35.
B
An alpha helix is
a. a DNA molecule
b. a type of protein secondary structure
c. an unsaturated fatty acid
d. a protein made up of more than one subunit
36.
D
The molecule shown below is a building block of
a. polysaccharides
b. DNA
c. RNA
d. proteins
37.
A
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
a. fructose
b. glycogen
c. starch
d. all of the above
38.
A
A mutation in a gene results in a protein with a valine amino acid instead of a proline amino acid as
the 24th amino acid of the protein. At which level of protein structure is this change directly
occurring?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
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39.
C
Why are high fevers dangerous?
a. because the high temperatures will lead to hydrolysis of the peptide bonds in proteins
b. because the high temperature will cause glycogen to break down and release glucose, spiking
blood sugar
c. because the high temperature can denature proteins
d. all of the above
40.
E
Which of the following is/are used as E-storing molecule(s) in animals?
a. starch
b. triglycerides
c. glycogen
d. all of the above
e. b & c
41.
D
Canola oil is made primarily of
a. protein
b. polysaccharide
c. triglycerides with saturated fatty acids
d. triglycerides with unsaturated fatty acid
42.
C
Trans fats are created by an industrial process that converts liquid vegetable oils into solid fats. What
do you think this process does?
a. breaks a bond between a fatty acid and a glycerol
b. adds a double bond to the glycerol
c. removes a double bond from the fatty acids
d. adds a fourth fatty acid to a triglyceride
43.
C
The main products of fat (triglyceride) digestion are free fatty acids and monoglycerides. How many
hydrolysis reactions does it take to digest a triglyceride into a monoglyceride and two free fatty
acids?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
44.
B
Which type of macromolecule can serve as a storage molecule for amino acids?
a. polysaccharides
b. proteins
c. triglycerides
d. DNA
45.
A
The reaction
Glucose + fructose ! sucrose + H2O
Is a:
a. dehydration
b. hydrolysis
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46.
D
Which type of bonding is responsible for protein secondary structure?
a. covalent peptide bonding
b. ionic bonding between side chains
c. hydrogen bonding between side chains
d. hydrogen bonding along the backbone
47.
C
The protein that is mutated in Proteus syndrome is not made up of multiple subunits. Which level(s)
of structure must it have?
a. primary and secondary
b. primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
c. primary, secondary and tertiary
d. primary only
e. tertiary only
48.
C
What is the distinguishing feature of protein quaternary structure?
a. peptide bonding between amino acids
b. large bends and folds driven by side chain interactions
c. the association of multiple subunits
d. regional folding driven by hydrogen bonds along the backbone
49.
D
If a cancer has metastasized, what does that mean?
a. it is growing in a single location
b. it is shrinking in response to treatment
c. it is producing melanin and becoming darkly pigmented
d. it is spreading throughout the body
50.
A
What is the purpose of a Phase 2 clinical trial?
a. to determine if a new treatment works
b. to determine if a new treatment works better than the current treatment
c. to determine if a new treatment is safe
d. to test a new drug in a model system (e.g. fruit flies or yeast)
51.
C
In the melanoma trial we looked at, which group of patients had the best response?
a. the control group
b. all responded equally well
c. the patients with the earlier stages of melanoma
d. the patients with the latest stage of melanoma
52.
C
What is the biological point of a tan?
a. to make you look hot
b. to attract mates
c. to try and protect your skin from further damage
d. a and b
53.
A
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for melanoma?
a. using a high SPF sunscreen
b. tanning beds
c. a family history of melanoma
d. a history of severe sunburns
e. a and b (neither increase the risk of melanoma)
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54.
A
Why was there only one experimental group of patients in the melanoma trial we studied in our first
activity?
a. because it was a Phase 1 trial
b. because control groups are meaningless in clinical trials
c. because it is unethical to use a placebo instead of a treatment
d. b and c
55.
A
Which of the following is true of saturated fatty acids?
a. they are solid at room temperature
b. they are liquid at room temperature
c. they have a carbon=carbon double bond
d. they have a “kinked” chain
e. b, c and d
56.
B
What is the purpose of a Phase 3 clinical trial?
a. to determine if a new treatment works
b. to determine if a new treatment works better than the current treatment
c. to determine if a new treatment is safe
d. to test a new drug in a model system (e.g. fruit flies or yeast)
57.
C
What is the purpose of a Phase 1 clinical trial?
a. to determine if a new treatment works
b. to determine if a new treatment works better than the current treatment
c. to determine if a new treatment is safe
d. to test a new drug in a model system (e.g. fruit flies or yeast)
58.
D
What is the ~SPF of a tan?
a. 50
b. 30
c. 15
d. 5