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GRAMMAR SLAMMER CLUE CARD A THE SENTENCE SKELETON 1. Subject – Verb Sentences S V The dog ate. 2. Subject – Verb – Direct Object S V DO Our dog ate his bone. Ask “What” after the verb. 3. Subject – Verb - Indirect Object – Direct Object S V DO IO Indirect objects are between the verb and direct object. That dog gave the cat his toy. “To” or “For” before the indirect object 4. Subject – Linking Verb – Predicate Nominative S LV PN This dog is my pet. The subject and predicative nominative can be switched. 5. Subject – Linking Verb - Adjective S LV That puppy is cute. Adj Can the adjective go before the subject? “Cute Puppy” If you roll a six, roll again. 1 GRAMMAR SLAMMER CLUE CARD B NOUNS 1. Proper Nouns The subject (or any other noun) should name a specific person, organization, place, or era of history. Amanda is a Collie. 2. Compound Noun Conjunctions: AND, OR, NOR The dog and cat are sleeping 3. Personal Pronoun Replace a noun with the correct personal pronoun. S i n g P l u r PERSON NOMINATIVE CASE OBJECTIVE CASE 1st 2nd 3rd I You He, She, It Me You Him, Her, It 1st 2nd 3rd We You They Us You Them He is sleeping. 2 4. Infinitive to + verb To + Verb To growl shows poor manners. 5. Gerund - Gerund A verb used as a noun Eating dog food is disgusting. 6. Relative Clause as the Subject - Relative Pronouns – Who Whose Whichever Whoever has a dog has a friend. 3 Whoever Which That GRAMMAR SLAMMER CLUE CARD C ADJECTIVES 1. Simple Adjectives A young dog will play ball. 2. Prepositional Phases POSITION IN Space: in, under, near, by etc. Time: after, during, before etc. Others: to, by, of, with, except The dog in the large cage will play ball. 3. Compound Adjectives Put a comma between the two adjectives. The playful, happy dog will play ball. 4 4. Participial Phrases Participle = A verb form used as an adjective. Seeing us, our dog will play ball. 5. Relative Clause as an Adjective S V S V A relative clause begins with a relative pronoun. Relative Pronouns WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT The dog who jumped the fence will play ball. If you roll a six, roll again. 5 Perfect Tense Has “have” or “had” in the verb phrase GRAMMAR SLAMMER CLUE CARD D VERB TENSES Progressive Action is ongoing Now 1. Present Perfect - Progressive X action Rover has been growling at the man. X Now X Ran Growl X Action 2. Past Perfect – Simple Action Rover had growled at the burglar who then ran away. 3. Past Perfect – Progressive Action X now action Rover had been growling at the burglar when the neighbors called the police. 6 4. Future Perfect Rover will have been brushed before the next dog show. Show Future Action X X Brushed Now X 5. Future Perfect – Progressive Action Now X Action Rover will have been stopping criminals for five years when he gets his next ribbon as a police dog. 6. Compound Verbs Rover growled and barked at the convict. Conjunctions: AND, OR, BUT 7 Adverbs Modify: VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS GRAMMAR SLAMMER CLUE CARD E ADVERBS When? Where? How? How Much? 1. Simple Adverbs Can Only be used with Action Verbs. If you have a linking verb in your sentence, roll again. S V Our dog slept soundly. 2. Adverbial Prepositional Phrases Can only be used with Action Verbs. If you have a linking verb in your sentence, roll again. S V POSITION IN Time: after, during, before etc. Others: to, by, of, with, except Space: in, under, near, by etc. The dog slept in the blue car. 3. Adverb modifying an adverb Our dog slept quite soundly. 8 4. Adverb modifying an adjective The extremely tired dog slept. 5. Complex Prepositional Phrases His dog will sleep on the porch in back of the house. STOP Before going on, roll again. If you get an EVEN number, go to F. If you get an ODD number, go to G. 9 GRAMMAR SLAMMER CLUE CARD F MISCELLANEOUS SENTENCES 1. Interjections ! Exclamation Mark Needed! Wow! That dog is large. 2. Direct Address , Thomas, you come now. Don’t forget the comma. , 3. Quotes “Quotation marks are required,” he said. Nancy said, “Thomas is going to be a very large dog.” “Thomas is going to be,” said Nancy, “a very large dog. “Thomas is going to be a very large dog,” said Nancy. 10 4. Questions Split the verb phrase. VERB SPLIT Thomas will be sixty-five pounds. Will Thomas be sixty-five pounds? 5. Appositive N ( ) V Appositives Restate the Noun Our Black Lab, Thomas, is quite large. Commas before and after YOUR SENTENCE IS NOW COMPLETE 11 GRAMMAR SLAMMER CLUE CARD G COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES 1. Compound with Comma – Conjunction The German Shepherd is my dog, and the Scottish Terrier is my sister’s dog. CS, and CS 2. Compound with semi-colon CS; CS The German Shepherd is my dog; the Scottish Terrier is my sister’s dog. 3. Complex with comma scDC, CS SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Because I like my dog, I take good care of her. 12 After Although As As soon as Because Before If In order to Since So Then That Though Unless Until When Whenever Where Whether While 4. Complex without a comma I take good care of my dog because I like her. CS sc DC 5. Compound/Complex Sentence The Granddaddy of all Sentences! Our dog has won the state championship, and her puppy will compete in the next show because he is well trained. YOUR SENTENCE IS NOW COMPLETE 13