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WLHS / Biology / Monson / UNIT 8 – Disease & Immune System
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STUDY GUIDE: BACTERIA & VIRUSES / THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (CHAPTER 20 & 35)
CH 20 & 35 ASSESSMENT - MULTIPLE CHOICE (see end of chapters)
CH 20: Mult. Choice (p. 598-598)
CH 35 Mult. Choice (p. 1030-1032)
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CH 20 & 35 “Standardized Test Prep” - MULTIPLE CHOICE (see end of chapters)
CH 20: Mult. Choice (p. 599)
CH 35: Mult. Choice (p. 1033)
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10) Read / answer!
Part B: Answer the questions below.
CH 20 – VIRUSES & BACTERIA
1) Describe at least 3 ways we can protect ourselves from viral infections:
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2) Are viruses considered:
LIVING
or
NONLIVING?
(circle one)
Explain:
3) Summarize the steps of the 2 viral replication cycles: the LYTIC CYCLE and the LYSOGENIC CYCLE.
LYTIC CYCLE:
LYSOGENIC CYCLE:
4) What is a RETROVIRUS? Give 2 examples of retroviruses.
• 2 examples:
5) Why is it so difficult to produce a vaccine for a retrovirus?
6) What is HIV? How does it infect humans? (which cells are targeted?
what happens to infected individuals?)
7) What is a VACCINE? How do vaccines work to prevent viral illnesses?
8) List 5 examples of viral diseases.
9) Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process known as:
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10) Some bacteria have a primitive form of sexual reproduction known as CONJUGATION. Describe what
happens in this process.
11) Distinguish between the 2 major domains of prokaryotes: Bacteria & Archaea. Provide a brief description of
each, including where they live. Give an example of each.
● BACTERIA:
example:
● ARCHAEA:
example:
12) Describe 4 ways in which bacteria are USEFUL to the environment or to humans:
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13) Summarize 3 ways by which bacterial diseases can be transmitted (passed from 1 individual to another):
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14) List 5 examples of bacterial diseases:
15) Describe two ways that bacteria cause the symptoms of disease (disease mechanisms):
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16) List 5 methods used to control bacterial growth:
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17) How are bacterial diseases treated?
CH 35 – IMMUNE SYSTEM
1) Define PATHOGEN:
Give two examples of pathogens:
2) Compare nonspecific and specific defenses.
3) What are antigens and what is their role in immunity?
4) What are antibodies? Describe their form and function.
5) Match the following terms with the correct description of nonspecific defenses.
Terms:
cilia, fever, inflammatory response, mucus, skin, interferon
Term
Description
Traps pathogens in the nose and throat
Increases body temperature to slow the growth of pathogens
Inhibits the making of viral proteins and helps block viral replication
Push pathogens away from lungs
Barrier that stops pathogens from entering the body
Increases flow of white blood cells and fluids to an area
6) Compare and contrast the humoral immune response and the cell-mediated immune response. (how do
they start? what are the main events? what are the cells involved in each?)
7) How does the secondary response to an antigen differ from the primary response to an antigen?
8) It is not always easy to determine if a patient has a bacterial infection or a viral infection. How could this
contribute to the misuse of medications?
9) Compare active immunity and passive immunity. List how one acquires each one naturally and artificially.
ACTIVE IMMUNITY:
PASSIVE IMMUNITY:
10) List / describe 3 ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
11) What is an emerging disease?
12) Describe two reasons why we are seeing a emergence of new diseases, or the re-emergence of diseases that
were once completely gone.