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HomeostasisUnitReview HomeostasisandFeedbackLoops 1.Definehomeostasis,negativefeedbackloop,positivefeedbackloop 2.Whatarethe3componentsofanegativefeedbackloop?Usethesetofullydescribethebody’sresponsetoheat stressandcoldstress. 3.Explainapositivefeedbackloopusingoxytocinasanexample. UrinarySystem 1. Define:osmoregulation,ammonia,urea,uricacid,nephron,renalartery,glomerulus,Bowman’scapsule,filtrate, proximalconvolutedtubule,loopofHenle,renalmedulla,distalconvolutedtubule,collectingduct,ureter, urethra,afferentarteriole,efferentarteriole,pyramid,renalpelvis,aldosterone,renin,angiotensin,ADH, hypothalamus,pituitarygland,osmoreceptor,diabetesmellitus,diabetesinsipidus,bright’sdisease,kidney stones,dialysis 2. Whatarethemainpartsoftheexcretorysystem? 3. Whatdeterminesifanorganismconvertsammoniaintoureaoruricacid? 4. Whatarethemainfunctionsofthekidney? 5. Whatisanephron? 6. Whichpart(s)ofthenephronislocatedintherenalcortex?Renalmedulla? 7. WhathappensintheloopofHenle? 8. IsthedescendingendoftheloopofHenlepermeabletowater? 9. Asyoumovetothecenterofthemedulla,doesitbecomeincreasinglyhypertonicorhypotonic? 10. IstheascendingendoftheloopofHenlepermeabletowater? 11. Whydoesdrinkingalcoholmakeyouhavetopeeoften? 12. Whatwouldbetheadaptationsofadesertanimal’sexcretorysystem? 13. Labelthefollowing: 14.Showthenegativefeedbackloopforosmoregulation.(*hint:ADH,hypothalamus,adrenalgland,aquaporin channels,thirst,etc) 15.Whathappensduringfiltration,reabsorptionandsecretion? 16.Whataresomesubstancesthatdonotpassintothenephron? 17.HowispHregulatedintheblood? EndocrineSystem 1.Define:endocrinegland,hormone,steroidhormone,proteinhormone,prostaglandins,oxytocin,ADH, hypothalamus,anteriorpituitary,posteriorpituitary,Growthhormone(GH),Luteinizinghormone (LH),Adrenocorticotropic(ACTH),Thyroid-stimulating(TSH),Follicle-stimulating(FSH),thyroidgland,epinephrine, norepinephrine,cortisol,adrenalgland,pancreas,isletsoflangerhans,insulin,glucagon,gigantism,dwarfism,goiter, hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,thyroxin, 2.Canasteroidhormonepassamembrane?Whyorwhynot? 3.Canaproteinhormonepassamembrane?Whyorwhynot? 4.Chooseahormonepathwayanddescribethephysiologicaleffects,theregulationpathwayandadisorderassociated withthehormonepathway. 5.Whataretheeffectsofinsulinandglucagon? 6.Befamiliarwithwherethehormonesareproduced,whattheytarget,andtheirfunction: NervousSystem 1.Define:CNS,PNS,SomaticNS,AutonomicNS,SympatheticNS,ParasympatheticNS,neuron,nerve,Cellbody, Dendrites,Axon,Myelinsheath,Terminalknob,Synapse,nodesofranvier,sensory(afferent)neurons,motor(efferent) neurons, 2.Fullyexplainthefightorflightresponse. 3.Whymightsomeonefaintwhenscared? 4.Describeareflexarcandhowitworks. 5.Labelthebrain,spinalcordandthepartsofaneuron. 6.Describehowaneurontransmitsanimpulseandbeabletolabelanactionpotentialvoltagegraph. Biotechnology 1. What is biotechnology? What are some risks and benefits? 2. What is PCR? How does it work? Used for? 3. How do you transform a bacterium? What’s a plasmid? What is this used for?