Download 2014 Quarter 4 Final STUDY GUIDE

2014 Quarter 4 Final STUDY GUIDE: Social Studies
1. All of the river civilizations that we discussed - Mesopotamia, China, India, Egypt what natural event drew civilizations to the areas in which they settled? floods
2. What geographical reasons caused people in Ancient China to live together rather
than spreading out amongst a broader area? Only 10% of their land was inhabitable
3. On the Silk Road, what made silk so valuable in the West? only the Chinese could
make it
4. How did the silk road cause cultural diffusion? the travelers spread Buddhism
from India to China
5. How did the Silk Road affect the spread of Buddhism? the travelers spread
Buddhism from India to China
6. What difficulties were experienced while building the Great Wall of China? This
project would have been comparable to? Egyptian pyramids
7. 3 Chinese Philosophies: Confucianism (emphasizes proper behavior by leading
by example), Daoism (emphasizes living in harmony with nature, little
government involvement), Legalism (emphasizes obedience to strict laws with
strict, harsh punishments) - Details/Beliefs of each
8. How are the Indus (India), Ganges (India), and Nile (Egypt) Rivers similar? They all
flooded and left silt behind which created very fertile soil
9. Holy book of Hinduism? Vedas
10. Holy book of Christianity? Bible
11. How was caste determined in ancient India? by birth
12. Who made up each level/caste of Indian society, including the untouchables?
Brahims, priets; Kshatriyas, warriors, rulers; Vaisyas, common people, land/
business owners; Sudras, unskilled laborers, servants Why did the untouchables
live in separate communities? they were considered unclean
13. If varna means social class system, what does varna dharma mean? each caste
level has their own specific duties
14. How was the Hindu belief about karma related to the caste system? karma effects your
next lifeʼs caste you are born into.
15. Define samsara. How would this be represented visually? samsara is the cycle of
recarnation (rebirth), represented by a wheel
2014 Quarter 4 Final STUDY GUIDE: Social Studies
16. Difference between good karma and bad karma. good = can move up the caste; bad =
move down the caste
17. Buddhism teaches people to move towards...enlightenment
18. Know the 4 Noble Truths (1. Suffering is present in all things, and nothing lasts forever.
2. Suffering is caused by cravings, desires and wants. 3. Way to end suffering is to give
up all cravings. 4. Way to give up all cravings is to live life according to the Eightfold
Path. and the Eightfold Path (Right understanding, purpose, speech, action, way to earn
a living, effort, mindfulness, and concentration).
19. The Eightfold Path is similar to which Hindu belief? dharma
20. Most of the contributions we see from Ancient Greek are in which area of culture?
government/law
21. Athens was trade/education-oriented; Sparta was military-oriented.
22. Who qualified for citizenship in Ancient Greece (who was considered citizens)? free men
23. Education in Athens: male vs. female? male = school, female = at home with mother
24. How was ancient Greek democracy different from American democracy? ALL greek
citizens got to vote
25. What separates Greece geographically from the other civilizations we learned in 7th grade
History? it had little usable farmland and no major rivers
26. Why were the Olympics a symbol of peace? Greek city-states
27. How did the Ancient Greeks adapt to the environment in which they lived? learned to grow
crops that were successful in small areas with rocky soil, like olives
28. Why were ancient Greek tyrants popular? they made laws that benefited all citizens
How did they gain control? got the support of the lower class
29. What kinds of laws did most Greek oligarchs pass? ones that favored the rich
30. What was the primary difference between rights of women in Sparta and Athens? Spartan
women had many more rights that Athenian women, like owning land and getting
divorced
31. How did Romans learn about Greek culture? Greek colonies had settled nearby
32. Summarize the size of the Roman Empire. By the end of expansion, it completely
surrounded the Mediterranean Sea, expanding to modern-day Britain, Spain, North
Africa, and Asia.
33. Explain the Roman idea of natural law. belief that all citizens have rights
2014 Quarter 4 Final STUDY GUIDE: Social Studies
34. What did Jesus emphasize in his teachings? love your neighbor
35. What 4 things did Christians do/believe that were insulting to the Romans? would not
worship Roman gods, didnʼt want great wealth, didnʼt believe that the Roman emperor
was a god and would not serve in the military What happened because of these?
Christians were persecuted
36. How did emperor Constantine affect the spread of Christianity? free Christians to
worship openly and made Christianity the official religion of Rome
37. Judaism and Christianity share a belief in...monotheism and ethical conduct
38. Why was the first independent Roman government a republic instead of a monarchy (why
did the Romans overthrow the monarchy)? Etruscan monarchs were very harsh rulers, so
the Romans wanted a government in which citizens were more involved in government
39. Difference between plebeian (lower class, farmers, merchants, 90% of Roman
population) and patrician (upper class, army officers, senators, judges, 10% of Roman
population)
40. Role of Consuls in Roman Republic- leaders of Roman republic, similar to our USA
president. There were 2 consuls that had to agree on all decisions passed by the
republic. If there was reason for them to be split apart, one stayed with the Senate over
seeing the Republic and the other would go lead the army
41. What caused the Conflict of Orders? Plebeians could not vote for Senators or Assembly
members, were forced to serve in the army, and had no power to change laws or
participate in the Republic
42. Why do people say “all roads lead to Rome”? the Romans built many roads that
connected the empire
43. Explain Roman law and justice, and the Romansʼ Laws of Nations. laws in Rome was
written down, much like our US Constitution and justice was served in courts with judges
and juries.
44. How did the death of Julius Caesar change Rome? his death marked the end of the
Roman Republic to an dictatorship
45. What reasons caused the decline of the Roman Empire? weak government, declining
economy, famine and disease wide spread in empire
46. Why is the city of Makkah important in Muslim tradition? birthplace of Muhammad
47. According to Islamic teachings, what did the angel Gabriel tell Muhammad to do? teach
monotheism
2014 Quarter 4 Final STUDY GUIDE: Social Studies
48. Why is the Qurʼan the holy book of Islam? the words spoken by God through Gabriel
are recorded in the Qurʼan
49. Why did Muhammadʼs teachings upset leaders of Makkah/Mecca? the rich didnʼt like
being told they should share their wealth
50. Why does Islam consider Jews and Christians to be “people of the book”? they all have
holy writings that contain words/teachings given to them by God
51. Explain each of the 5 Pillars of Islam. Shahadah, stating belief in one god, Allah; Salah,
pray five times a day; zakat, charity, 2.5% of income to needy; sawm, fasting during
Ramadan; Hajj, pilgrimage to Mecca
52. How is daily life different for Muslims during Ramadan? Muslims cannot eat or
drink from dawn to dusk
53. What is the traditional goal of jihad? to bring about and support peace
54. In ancient times, why did Muslims who conquered non-Muslims usually leave them
free to practice their own religion? the Qurʼan forbids Muslims from forcing others
to convert to their religion
55. In some countries Islam law is the law of the land. Other Muslim nations have a
non-religion-based legal system. What does this show about Islamic culture? it varies
from place to place