Download Biology Notes: History of Genetics

Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________ Biology Notes: History of Genetics Directions: Fill in blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Corresponds to pages 177 – 187. The Lottery A) Directions: B) I am going to hypothetically roll 6 dice…one at a time. C) In order, write the numbers YOU think I will roll: ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ • What were the odds of you winning? – Pretend these were the numbers you guessed: ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ – What are the odds the… • 1st number is ________? __________ How do you calculate the overall odds? • 2nd number is ________? __________ rd
• 3 number is ________? __________ th
• 4 number is ________? __________ th
• 5 number is ________? __________ 1 / ________________ = __________% • 6th number is ________? __________ What is Genetics? • Genetics: Study of ______________________ • Heredity: passing of ____________________ from ____________________ to ____________________ • Gregor ____________________ – Austrian monk – Uncovered ____________________ for how ____________________ can be passed from generation to ____________________ Additional Info – Studied ________ traits in pea plants Mendel’s Experiments P
• P Generation (parental): – Male: purple flowers – Female: Purple flowers • F1 Generation (filial): F1 – 100% _____________ • Learned? Traits are _________________ from _________________ • P Generation: P
– Male: white flowers – Female: white flowers • F1 Generation: – 100% ___________ F 1
P Generation: P
Additional Info
– Male: purple flowers – Female: White flowers • F1 Generation: – 100% ____________ F1 • Learned? – Some traits are ___________________ – Some traits are ___________________ • F1 Generation: F1
– Male: purple flowers – Female: Purple flowers • F2 Generation: – 75% ____________ F2 – 25% ____________ • Learned? – Offspring ____________ always ________________ the parents – Traits can ____________ generations Mendel’s Experimental Results • Each ________________ had a ______:______ ratio. No way that can be a coincidence! Chromosomes and Genes • Genes are ________________ of ___________ that create ______________________: – Located on ____________________ •
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____________________ from parents –
Come in ____________________ & ___________________ forms known as ___________________ •
Defined: ____________________ form of a ____________________ –
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Letters used to abbreviate ______________________ –
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Dominant Allele = _________________ letter –
Recessive Allele = _________________ letter Genotype: ___________________ make‐up of an organism (___________________ of two ____________) –
Homozygous Dominant (____________________): combination of 2 ___________________ alleles •
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How would you write that? _______________ Homozygous Recessive (____________________): combination of 2 ___________________alleles •
How would you write that? _______________ Heterozygous (_______________): Combination of 1 ________________, 1 ______________ allele •
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Ex: Flower color = Purple allele (dominant) & White allele (recessive) How would you write that? _______________ Phenotype: ________________________ expression of the gene 30 Seconds ‐ Discuss with your neighbor and write your answers on the line provided: Choices YY Tall Yy SS TT Dwarf yY gg Smooth Green • Which choice(s) are examples genotypes? ____________________________________________________ •
Which choice(s) are examples heterozygous genotypes? _________________________________________ •
Which choice(s) are examples phenotypes? ___________________________________________________ •
Which choice(s) are examples of hybrid? _____________________________________________________ •
Which choice(s) are examples of purebred? ___________________________________________________ Punnet Squares •
Defined: Genetics tools used to ______________ offspring ______________ •
Setting Up Punnett Squares: 1) Parent ________________ on _______________ of the squares 2) Simply fill in each square 3) Inside squares represent the ______________ offspring genotypes •
Probability of growing purple flowers? ____________ 1 minute ‐ Cross a heterozygous purple (Pp) plant with another heterozygous purple (Pp) plant: 1) List the offspring’s genotypes: ________________________________________ 2) List the offspring’s phenotypes. ________________________________________ 3) What is the probability of having a white plant? ______________ 4) What is the probability of having a purebred plant? ___________ Autosomal Recessive Disorders • Autosome: __________‐sex __________________ •
Autosomal disorders are caused by ________________found on the _________‐sex __________________ –
ex: Sickle cell = chromosome #11, Cystic fibrosis = chromosome #7 •
Sufferers must inherit 2 ___________________ alleles to _________________ the disease •
What do these genotypes mean for autosomal recessive inheritance? –
HH = __________________________ –
Hh = __________________________ –
hh = __________________________ 1 Minute ‐ Maria is a heterozygous healthy (Hh) female and Jeff suffers from recessive cystic fibrosis (hh): Key: H = healthy and h = has cystic fibrosis 1) Probability of having a healthy child? ___________ 2) Probability of having a homozygous dominant child? __________ 3) Probability of having a homozygous recessive child? __________ Review 1) How are dominant alleles expressed? ____________________________________________ a. How are recessive alleles expressed?_______________________________________ 2) Which of the following are… TT Green Yy Pp Purple gg Smooth a. Genotypes? ______________________________________ b. Phenotypes? _____________________________________ c. Heterozygous genotypes? ___________________________________________ d. Hybrid genotypes? _________________________________________________ 3) Genes may often be found in two forms, dominant and recessive. What are these alternate forms of a gene called? ________________________ 4) Genes are segments of DNA found on _________________________________ 5) If item A is found in a 1:2 ratio compared to item B, what percentage is item A? _____________ 6) Cross a heterozygous tall with a homozygous recessive short pea plant. a. List the genotypes: ______________________________________ b. What’s the probability of growing a tall plant? ________________ c. What’s the probability of growing a homozygous dominant plant? _____________________ d. What’s the probability of growing a homozygous recessive plant? _____________________