Download GEOMORPHOLOGY

GEOMORPHOLOGY
FORCES THAT SHAPE THE EARTH
GEOMORPHOLOGY
• GEO
“Earth”
• MORPH
“Change”
• Forces that shape or change the Earth’s
surface
FORCES
EXTERNAL FORCES
• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition
INTERNAL FORCES
• Plate Tectonics
• Earthquakes
• Volcanic Activity
• Occur or originate on the
surface
• Originate below the crust,
but may manifest or affect
the surface.
STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
• Crust – Solid, thin
surface layer
• Mantle – Semi solid
layer of rock and
magma
• Outer Core – Molten
Iron AND Nickel - Liquid
• Inner Core – Solid Iron
and Nickel – due to the
immense pressure
COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH
LAYER
Crust
Mantle
Outer
Core
Inner
Core
THICKNESS
5 – 70km
COMPOSTION
TEMP
Solid rock
20° C
SIAL – Silica and Aluminia
Oceanic Crust 5 – 6 km
SIMA – Silica and
Continental crust 5 – 70km Magnesium
Approximately 2800km
Mainly solid rock, but may 1000°C
become “plastic” in nature
as rocks start to melt
Approximately 2200km
Molten Iron and Nickel
Approximately 1300km
Solid Iron and Nickel
4500 5000°C
5000°C
INTERESTING FACTS REGARDING THE
EARTH’S STRUCTURE
• Lake Baikal in Siberia has the thinnest crust in the
world. The lake itself is 1700 meter deep and has
many hot water springs (due to the magma
below).
• The thickest part of the Earth's crust is located in
the Himalayas. The thickest point is 75 km deep.
• At some 3.9 km deep The TauTona Mine near
Carltonville is currently home to the world's
deepest mining operations. The temperatures
here reach over 60°C.