Download New technology in biology

New technology in biology
Aims
You have been asked to test a board game that can be used to revise the key
concepts in this chapter.
Work through the tasks below to show your understanding of these topics before
testing the board game.
Task 1: Genetics
1 a Complete the Punnett square below to show the inheritance of flower colour.
The allele for red flowers is R.
The allele for white flowers is r.
b Describe in detail the difference between R and r in the genetic cross above.
c Use your results from the Punnett square to describe the appearance of possible
offspring in this genetic cross.
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This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.
2 Fill in the statements below to describe genetically inherited disorders. Use the
following words.
genes
inherited
Some
haemophilia
parents
diseases
are caught from the people around you, whilst others can be
in a person’s genes.
Genetically inherited disorders are conditions passed from
to their offspring in their
. Examples include cystic fibrosis,
, and polydactyly.
3 Polydactyly is a genetic disorder that results in a child being born with extra digits on
their hands or feet. It is caused by a dominant allele.
a Calculate the probability of a baby inheriting polydactyly with a mother of Pp
alleles and a father of Pp alleles.
You may wish to draw a Punnett square to help you.
b Explain why a person cannot be a carrier of polydactyly.
© Oxford University Press 2014 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.
Task 2: Selective breeding, genetic engineering, and cloning
1 Match the halves of sentences below to describe the process of selective breeding.
For a long time humans have
bred
these characteristics are
selected.
Selective breeding is a method of
producing organisms with desired
characteristics.
First the desired characteristics
of
are bred together.
Then parents with high levels of
dogs, cats, and horses to carry
out specific jobs.
These two individuals
for many generations.
Offspring displaying the most
desired characteristics
a certain species are chosen.
This is repeated
display the desired
characteristics.
Eventually all of the offspring will
are selected and bred again.
2 Complete the following table to describe some advantages and disadvantages of
selective breeding.
Advantages
Disadvantages
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This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.
3 Use the statements below to complete the table comparing the processes of genetic
engineering and cloning. Write the correct statement number in the table.
1 Plant cuttings
and Dolly the
sheep.
2 Genes are taken from another
organism with the desired
characteristic and inserted into
the target organism at an early
stage of its development.
3 The replication of an
organism’s genes to produce
offspring that are genetically
identical.
4 The alteration
of an
organism’s
genes to
produce
desired
characteristics.
5 When used for plants, this
technique is cheap and results
are obtained quickly. All the
plants are genetically identical
so they will all have the
desired characteristics.
Scientists believe that this
technique can be used to
prevent extinction of animals
and in medical research.
6 Massively reduces the variety
of genes available (gene
pool) and increases the risk
of disease. There is also the
risk that a change in the
organism’s environment can
destroy a species completely.
Some people also think that
this technique is unethical
when carried out on animals.
7 Frost-resistant
tomatoes or
antibioticproducing
bacteria
8 For plants, this can be done
using plant cuttings. For
animals, this can be done
using cell cloning or tissue
culture.
9 A quick method of making
organisms with desired
characteristics.
Genetic engineering
Cloning
Description of technique
How this process works
An example of this
technique
Possible advantages
Possible disadvantages
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This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.
Task 3: Biotechnology
1 Select the correct words in the paragraph below to describe how bread can be made.
Flour, water, and bacteria/viruses/yeast are needed to make dough. The
dough is then left in a cold/warm/hot place. The dough rises because the
bacteria/viruses/yeast respire, converting sugars/starch/fats in the flour
into ethanol and oxygen/carbon dioxide/nitrogen oxide. The gas is trapped
as bubbles inside the dough, while ethanol condenses/solidifies/evaporates in
the oven.
2 Reorder the following statements to describe how beer and wine are made.
Order
Plant sugar is added to a large container – often the plant needs to be crushed.
The container is sealed to keep out oxygen and microorganisms.
The liquid is bottled or put into barrels, ready for use.
Yeast is added to ferment the sugar into alcohol.
Sediment is removed from the liquid, often by filtration.
The mixture is left until the sugar has fermented into alcohol.
3 The production of bread, beer, and wine rely on a process called fermentation. Write a
word equation for this reaction.
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This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.
4 Complete the flow diagrams below to describe how cheese and yoghurt are made.
© Oxford University Press 2014 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.
5 Describe the role of bacteria in fermentation.
6 Link the following commercial uses of enzymes with their descriptions.
making baby food
Adding enzymes such as proteases and lipases
in biological washing powders by breaking
down the stain into water-soluble substances.
making fruit juice
Adding pectinase to digest pectin in cell walls,
making fruit easier to squeeze, releasing more
juice.
removing stains
Adding proteases to food to break down
proteins into amino acids, making the food
easier to absorb.
7 Choose from the statements below those that correctly describe what happens when
an enzyme is denatured.
The enzyme dies so it can no longer catalyse reactions.
The shape of the enzyme changes permanently so it can no longer catalyse
reactions.
The enzyme has been used up so cannot be used again.
The enzyme melts so it can no longer catalyse reactions.
© Oxford University Press 2014 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.