Download The Roman Republic - History With Ms. Harding

The Roman Republic
The Growth and Expansion
January 4, 2016
AIM: To what extent does the political
legacy of Ancient Rome continue today?
DO NOW: Prepare for outline quiz.
Homework: Outline “The Rise of
Christianity” pages 168 – 172. Due
Thursday
Check pupilpath
Choose one of the following questions from each outline.
Explain in detail and be sure to use vocab & details.
“The Roman Republic”
- Define and explain the importance of the Twelve Tables.
- What were the Punic Wars and how did they increase
Rome’s power in the end?
“The Roman Empire”
- Explain two problems facing the Roman REPUBLIC.
- Explain how and why Rome went from being a Republic to
an Empire.
Ancient Rome & Early Christianity –
page 152 – 153
1. What are the main ideas related to Rome?
2. Locate Rome on the Map.
3. Which cities still exist today?
4. What countries did Rome control in what is now
Africa?
Capital Punishment – death
penalty
Maim – Severely injure
Retaliate – get even in kind
Slander – Publically insult
someone’s good name
Arbiter – a judge
Perjury – lying in court
Due Process – trial, witnesses,
evidence, charges
DO NOW: Examine the map on p. 153.
List and explain two differences and two
similarities between Greek and Roman
geography.
Geography
 Both Greece and Rome are Mediterranean countries, similar enough
latitudinally for both to grow wine and olives, but with very different
terrain. The ancient Greek city-states were separated from each other
by hilly countryside and all were near the water.
 Rome was inland, on one side of the Tiber River, but the Italic tribes
(in the boot-shaped peninsula that is now Italy) did not have the
natural hilly borders to keep them out of Rome.
 In Italy, around Naples, Mt. Vesuvius produced fertile land by
blanketing the soil with tephra which aged into rich soil. There were
also two nearby mountain ranges to the north (Alps) and east
(Apennine).
 The Ancient Greeks and Romans both began their histories as city-states.
 While the irregular coastline and the mountainous terrain of the Greek
peninsula isolated the various Greek city-states from one another, the city of
Rome was located in the geographical middle of a generally north-south
plain bordered on the east with mountains and on the west by the sea.
 Therefore, Rome was exposed to the migrations and invasions of people
from the Po River in the north and Sicily in the south.
 The two primary ethnic and cultural influences upon the Romans
were determined to a degree by this geography. That is, the first
influence was that of the Etruscans in the north, and the second major
influence was that of the Greeks in the south.
 By the time the city-state of Rome had emerged as a distinct entity
out of its Etruscan origins and was prepared to expand its own unique
influence, Greek civilization had spread throughout the
Mediterranean basin.
 The Greek polis did not permit the building of a Greek empire, and
the strict barriers to the extension of citizenship prevented any one
city-state from becoming dominant.
 The Romans, on the other hand, brought other communities
on the Italian peninsula under their control, first by
conquest, and then by extending Roman citizenship to
elements of the conquered peoples.
 Over time, in the crucible of fierce, unremitting conflict
during the Punic Wars, the people of the Italian peninsula
came to identify themselves as Romans.
 There are, therefore, two key components in the success of
the Romans in building an empire.
– military prowess
– organizational/political/legal skill in extending their
governance over the conquered peoples into the empire.
 The Romans did not intend to create an empire, but they responded to
threats from their neighbors, first on the Italian peninsula, then from
Carthage in the western Mediterranean, then from Macedonia in the
east, and so on. As each adversary was defeated, the Romans found
themselves drawn-in to keep the peace ( that is, to maintain their
control) among the conquered peoples.
 This process led to the creation of armies made up of large numbers
of Romans who were separated permanently from the land, became
professional soldiers, and had to be supported by the state. The army
and its generals became so powerful that they eventually posed a
threat to the political institutions of the Roman Republic.
 In other words, the conquest of Rome's enemies, destroyed the
Republic and led to the creation of an imperial government.
 From the very beginning of the history of Rome, the very force
which created the empire, that is, the army and its generals, would
also be the cause for its downfall.
 The Roman Empire would last for many centuries, however, and the
foundations of its endurance rested upon the extension of the Roman
sense of identity to conquered peoples; that is, to "barbarians". Also
important were Roman law, and political skills exercised in the
Senate and by some of the more outstanding emperors.
 The Greek city-states had to be united by force, first through the
invasion of the Macedonians, and then by the Romans.
 The Greeks would, in a sense, have the last laugh. Their culture was
more sophisticated, their learning and philosophy more advanced,
and Roman culture would be overwhelmed as the Romans absorbed
the cultural influences of the Hellenistic east.
 In the end, as the Roman Empire declined in the west, Roman
emperors transferred their capitol from Italy to Asia Minor. Long
after the Roman empire was gone, the Byzantine Empire, an
amalgam of Roman and Greek culture, centered in the city of
Constantinople, would endure. The Greeks had conquered their
conquerors.
How the original Republic
was formed
1. Who ruled Rome before the Romans?
 The Etruscans (Tarquins) .
2. What type of rulers were the Etruscans?
 CRUEL
3. Romans rebel in 509 B.C.E.
4. Create a Republic
5. Republic = form of government where
citizens have the power.
How the original Republic was
formed
What is the difference between a Republic
and a Democracy?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPwnFt_m-RE
A Direct Democracy is where all the people have a say
A Republic is a democracy, but each person is
responsible to someone else, they can’t just do
whatever they want
How the original Republic was
formed
Make a timeline with these events
 509 B.C.E. Rome = small city.
–
Slowly expands.
 338 B.C.E. defeat the other Latins
 284 B.C.E. defeat Etruscans
 267 B.C.E. defeat the Greeks
–
The Republic is growing!
 Add Persian & Peloponnesian Wars
Rome’s republic was shaped by a struggle
between wealthy nobles and regular
citizens.
Patricians
Plebeians
Patricians
Plebeians
Slaves
 Patricians
 Plebeians
1. Wealthy land
1. Majority of the
2.
3.
4.
5.
owners
Nobles that made
up the ruling class
Citizens (male)–
could vote, had to
pay taxes and serve
in the army
Could not marry a
Plebian
Could serve in
government
2.
3.
4.
5.
population
Artisans,
shopkeepers, small
farm owners
Citizens (male)–
could vote, pay
taxes, serve in army
Could not marry a
Patrician
Could not serve in
government
How the Roman
Republic works
Consuls
Senate
Praetors
Tribunes
Top government official
Two chosen every year
Headed the army and ran the government
Served short term….avoided risk of
abusing power
5. Veto
 The right of the consul to reject the
other’s decision. Latin for “I forbid”
1.
2.
3.
4.
Senate
1. 300 men
2. Chosen for life
3. Advise Consul
4. Deal with other countries
5. Proposes laws
6. Approve public works
7. Deal with daily government problems
Praetors
1. Government officials
2. Interpreted law and judged court cases
3. Kept tax records
4. Handled public finances
5. Supervised public festivals
Tribunes
1. Elected by all citizens (Plebians have a
large majority so they really elect the
official)
2. Bring Plebian concerns to the
government
3. Right to veto actions taken by the
government
First steps towards democracy in Rome!
Keeping it Fair!
 How do you know what a law says?
How do you know how someone should
be punished if they do something wrong?
Draco of Greece was the first person to
do this!
1. Write the laws down so the patricians
couldn’t be unfair to the plebians!!!!
Keeping it Fair!
2. 451 BCE The Twelve Tablets were made
on bronze tablets
 Where would you put them in Rome so
everyone (both rich and poor) could see
them?
3. The forum (marketplace)
Main Idea # 3
Keeping it Fair!
 Finish these sentences….
 Innocent
until______________________.
 You have the right to _____________ in
court.
1. Laws of Nations – laws to settle disputes
between all people
 Do we still use this today???
Main Idea # 3
Keeping it Fair!
 Is it fair to punish one person for stealing
but not another person? Why or why not?
1. Rule of Law – the idea that all laws
should apply to every person equally and
all people should be treated the same by
the legal system
2. We base all our laws today off of this
idea made by the Romans!