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Welcome to Business English Lab
English Everywhere
Global English may mean the end
of ‘English as a Foreign Language’
Why English?
• English is the International Link Language. English is cited as the …major language
of international business, diplomacy, science and professions. Business
correspondence all over the world is predominantly in English.
• Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing have been identified as some of the basic
skills required of workers in the high performance workplace of the 21st century.
• Your role requires you to have fluency in English and the ability to communicate
effectively in the language with your stakeholders.
The Need
• The professional profile of a modern qualified engineer should include well-developed
communication skills and high English language proficiency to help him achieve success
in the modern highly competitive global work arena.
• Industries are also voicing their concerns about the need for better communication and
English language skills among students of Engineering.
• Studies show that engineering professionals face several tough challenges in the global
job market if their communication skills are not up to mark.
• In this session we are going to provide you with information on the different aspects of
effective communication and equip you with skills to be a better communicator.
Business English Lab
• The primary objective of the BEL course is to sensitize you to Business
English skills and ways of developing proficiency levels of B2 and above
as defined in the BULATS/ALTE/CEFR framework. The course design has
been aligned to the BULATS skills framework.
• The course has been so designed that at the end of the training you should be
able to have complete grasp of the nuances of communication while listening,
speaking, reading and writing.
• Learning materials will mostly be BULATS type exercises with a clear
Business English Language focus.
Elements of Language skills
Reading
Listening
Writing
Vocabulary
Speaking
Grammar
Coverage of Business English Lab
Business
English Lab
Grammar
Grammar
Reading
Reading
Articles
POS
Modals
SVA
Tenses
Skim
Scan
Intensive
Applied
Writing
Writing
Emails
Reports
Memos
Essays
Speaking
Speaking
Pronunciation
Intonation
Indianisms
Vowels &
Consonants
8
Listening
Listening
Listening
Skills
Active
listening
skills
Vocabulary
Homonyms
Confusing
Words
Business
Words
Introduction to English☺
Some words have different meanings and yet they're spelled the same.
A cricket is an insect, but to play it - it's a game.
On every hand, in every land, it's thoroughly agreed,
The English language to explain, is very hard indeed.
A little journey is a trip, a trip is when you fall.
It doesn't mean you have to dance whenever you hold a ball.
You spin a top, go for a spin, or spin yarn maybe Yet, every spin's a different spin, as you can plainly see.
A moth is not a moth in mother,
Nor both in bother, broth in brother,
and here is not a match for there
Nor dear and fear for bear and pear,
A dreadful language? Man alive I mastered it when I was five!
Business English Vs General English
• What is the difference between ‘Business English’ and ‘General
English’?
• What are some of the things we need to keep in mind when
we use English at workplace?
Bear
Divorce/Diverse
Mysore is a DRY city.
Run
Fire
Stuff
By the shoulder
The Police stopped drinking at 12.
Opposite, Apposite
English
is
a
funny
language
Introduction to English Grammar
Grammar teaches the laws of language, and the right method of using it in speaking
and writing. -Patterson
(1) It makes rules to tell us how to use words.
(2) It is a record of usage which we ought to follow.
(3) It is concerned with the forms of the language.
Knowledge of grammar
• helps us to clearly convey our message across to the other person minus confusion
• will enable us to fully understand what we are reading, writing or listening to
• will help you to sound educated and professional and create a good impression
• will get the correct meaning of the writer or email sender, that will influence our
understanding and communication
Parts of Sentence
Look at this statement-
Children park in the play.
The Sentence
A Sentence is a group of words which makes complete sense.
•
E.g.
Dev speaks good English.
Sheela teaches English in Infosys.
A Phrase is a group of words that makes sense but not complete sense.
•
E.g.
Under the tree
After sunset
Sentence Vs. Phrase:
•
A sentence has a verb; a phrase does not
The sentence
Clause:
A clause may be a sentence or a part of a sentence
Is a group of words which contains a subject and a predicate.
•
E.g.
I like you, and you like me. - contains two clauses, rather than two sentences
•
Sia groaned- a clause
•
Sia groaned, fed up of writing the assignment. (complete sentence)
Sentence fragments stand for a full sentence.
•
E.g.
•
Ram-When are you going to Mysore?
•
Rahim- Tomorrow.
Sentence Structure
The two fundamental parts of a sentence are the Subject and Predicate.
Subject
Predicate
Names the topic
Sentence
It tells something
about the subject
Example:
Subject
The dog
Sheena
The girl in the blue dress
Predicate
barked.
sings well.
arrived late.
Rewrite the jumbled sentences in the order of
subject and predicate:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
disturb, not ,me, do
exclusive, country, this, is, club, an
convinces, a, customers, salesman, his, clever, easily,
sand, the, papers, are, some, on, scattered,
shore, roaring, the, rushed, waves, to, the,
Ice-cream, to, little, everyday, eat, the, boy, likes,
Rewrite the jumbled sentences in the order of
subject and predicate:
Answers:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Do not disturb me.
This is an exclusive country club.
A clever salesman convinces his customers easily.
Some papers are scattered on the sand.
The roaring waves rushed to the shore.
The little boy likes to eat ice-cream everyday.
Rules for Sentence
1. All sentences begin with a capital letter.
• My name is Vindya.
2. All sentences end with a period or an exclamation point or a question mark.
. ? !
3. A sentence contains at least one clause- at least one subject and at least one
predicate.
Arun is coming over.
Since it is a holiday, Geetha has gone home.
4. All sentences follow a standard word order- Subject-verb-object
The teacher is talking to the students.
The man called the police.
Identify the complete sentences…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Roses smell heavenly.
Because there are so many restaurants and so less
Some pages on the floor
The people are standing up.
A loving mother’s soothing touch…
Running through the field in the cold.
The pretty girl I met
Likes to play soccer every day
Many mystery books
Answer- 1, 4 and 10
10. Kelly is a great girl.
Kinds of Sentence
Declarative
A declarative
sentence makes a
statement.
It is punctuated
by a period.
E.g. The
manager is on
leave.
Sentence
Imperative
Is a command or
a polite request.
It ends with a
period/exclamatio
n mark.
E.g. Please get
me a glass of
water.
Exclamatory
It expresses great
emotion or
excitement.
It ends with an
exclamation
mark.
E.g. The house
is on fire!
Sentence fragments stand for a full sentence.
E.g. Ram-When are you going to Mysore?
Rahim- Tomorrow.
Interrogative
An interrogative
sentence asks a
question.
It ends with a
question mark.
E.g. Is it raining?
Identify the type to which the following sentences
belong:
a) A strong individual can change the world.
b) Is the training clear to you?
c) Don’t touch the screen.
d) Well done!
e) Let us start learning.
f) Alas! He is lost forever.
g) Please bring the Pizza to the room.
h) That is my camera.
Identify the type to which the following sentences
belong:
Answers
a) A strong individual can change the world. (Declarative)
b) Is the training clear to you? (Interrogative)
c) Don’t touch the screen. (Imperative)
d) Well done!(Exclamatory)
e) Let us start learning.(Imperative)
f) Alas! He is lost forever. (exclamatory)
g) Please bring the Pizza to the room.(Imperative)
h) That is my camera. (Declarative)
Types of sentence
Simple, Compound and Complex sentences
Simple: is the most basic type which contains only one clause.
e.g. India is a country of diverse cultures.
e.g. Sam is waiting for you.
Compound: consists of two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions (and,
but, or). It is made up of two short, related sentences joined by a comma and the connecting word.
e.g. India is a rich country, and has diverse cultures.
e.g. Sam is in a hurry, yet he’s waiting for you.
Complex: consists of one independent clause and one dependent clause. Here the clauses are not
equal.
e.g. Since India is a large country, it has a diverse culture.
e.g. Although Sam was in a hurry, he decided to wait.
Join the sentences with the given word to create a
compound sentence.
1. They want to go abroad. They want to see USA. (because)
2. My grandparents live on a farm. They have dogs and goats on the farm.(and)
3. I play tennis everyday. I love watching cricket. (but)
4. Jane likes to eat Biriyani. Jane does not like to drink coke. (but)
5. I don’t study everyday. I have always stood first in class. (yet)
6. Raj does not go out with friends. Raj does not watch movies. (or)
7. He did not take the gift. It was not the correct thing to do. (for)
Join the sentences with the given word to create a
compound sentence.
1. They want to go abroad, because they want to see USA.
2. My grandparents live on a farm, and have dogs and goats on the farm.
3. I play tennis everyday, but I love watching cricket.
4. Jane likes to eat Biriyani, but does not like to drink coke.
5. I don’t study everyday, yet have always stood first in class.
6. Raj does not go out with friends, or watch movies.
7. He did not take the gift, for it was not the correct thing to do.
Parts of Speech
The little children play happily in the park with
their friends and toys.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Children-Subject-Noun
Play-doing word-Verb
Little-describes the children-Adjective
Happily- qualifies/describes play- Adverb
Their- used instead of repeating the noun - Pronoun
In and with- shows the relationship of different words- Preposition
The- article
And- conjunction
Noun
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Boy Girl
Raj Rani
Hyderabad Chennai
Table Chair
Truth Beauty
Bunch Team
Dog Cat
Nouns
Common Noun
Proper Noun
Collective Noun
Abstract Noun
Countable/
Uncountable
Common Nouns
The name given to every person or thing of the same class or kind is a common
noun.
Proper
Nouns
e.g. dog , man, table etc.
The name given to a particular person or place is called Proper Noun.
Examples
e.g. India, Sachin Tendulkar, January, Pizza Hut
• The girls played much better than the boys did.
Examples:
• The teacher wore a red dress.
• The crop was destroyed during the floods.
• Mr. Manmohan Singh is the prime minister of India.
• The four main islands of Japan are Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku and Kyushu.
• M.A.K. Pataudi passed away on the 22nd September 2011.
Countable Nouns
Things that can be counted. It is used to answer the question ‘How many….?’
e.g.
pens, dog,Nouns
cup, etc.
Collective
Examples:
Abstract Nouns
• I want an apple.
The name
name given
given to
to aa quality,
collection
/ group
of persons
or things
taken
together
andYou
spoken
of
The
action
or state
which your
5 senses
cannot
detect.
cannot
• I have a dozen pens.
a single
hear
them, smell as
them,
tasteunit.
them, or feel them.
• There are 3 people
here.
e.g. team ,e.g.
army
, shoalfriendship,
of fish , pride
of lions etc.
beauty,
charity
Uncountable Nouns
Things or: substances that we cannot divide into separate elements. It is used to answer
Examples
Examples:
the question ‘How much…?’
e.g. electricity,
sugar,
information etc.
The audience
impressed
with the
performance.
••Examples:
Honesty
is the were
best policy.
He was Teresa
attacked
bywell
a herd
of elephants.
••• Mother
was
known
her kindness,
charity and goodwill.
HowIndian
muchteam
sugarwon
do you
needfor
in your
tea?
•• The
The
the
2011
World
Cup.
soldier
wasmoney.
awarded with a medal for his bravery.
• I’ve got
a little
• Do you have some time?
Example
The pretty girl sitting on the bench is from Bangalore. Her name is
Rathna. She is a very intelligent girl and is a team lead.
girl- Common Noun
bench- Common Noun
Bangalore- Proper Noun
Rathna- Proper Noun
intelligent- Abstract Noun
team- Collective Noun
Pronoun
A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.
• Look at Paul.
• Paul is watching TV.
• Paul loves cricket.
Look at Paul. He is watching TV.
He loves cricket.
He
They
• Tara is at home.
• Tara is working on her project.
• Tara hates to be disturbed.
Tara is at home. She is working on her
project. She hates to be disturbed
• My friends and I went shopping. My friends and I went to the mall...
She
We
Possessive forms of Pronoun
I am using Paul’s mobile.-his mobile
I am working on Geetha’s laptop. her laptop
I am taking Paul’s and Geetha’s book. their books
Differences
Subjective/Nominative Case
Objective Case
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
1st Person
I
We
Me
Us
2nd Person
You
You
You
You
3rd Person
He, She, It
They
Him, Her, It
Them
The Verbs
A verb is a word used to denote an action or a state of being.
Examples:
• Birds fly.
• Children are studying.
• The boy ate the cake.
• The girl is running.
Noun –Subjects, Words that tell you about
the actions of these subjects.
Examples:
-tells you something about the subjects. Am/ Is gives you an
I am a doctor
He is an intelligent boy. idea- i.e. express a state of being,
Suhitha is a tall girl.
Types of verbs
• Two types of verbs: Main Verb, Helping Verb
• Girl sings
Gives a complete idea of what the action is.
• Plane flies
• Student reads…
• Girl will…
• Plane may fly
• Students must read
Gives more meaning to the main verb.
Adverbs and Adjectives
A word that modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb is called
an adverb.
We use them when we want to add/give more information in our sentence.
Example:
• A fat boy is eating slowly.
• The beautiful girl sings sweetly.
Adverb of Manner
These refer to words which show ‘how?’ or ‘in what manner?’.
E.g.
• bravely, fast , quickly etc.
• He ran quickly across the garden.
• They fought bravely in the war.
• She moved slowly and spoke softly.
Adverb of Time
• These refer to words that answer the question ‘when?’.
E.g.
• now, soon, today , yet etc.
• The unrest in the city will end soon.
• We shall see the movie tomorrow.
• It has started to drizzle now.
Adverb of Place
• These refer to the words that answer the question ‘where?’.
E.g.
• down, here, there etc.
• He went there to watch the match.
• She is standing near the gate.
• We have lived here for years.
Adverb of Frequency
• These refer to words that answer the question ‘how often?’
E.g.
• always, never, often ,twice etc.
• He visited his parents often.
• Raj rarely finds time for his family.
• She goes for a walk everyday.
Position of Adverb
• Solemnly the Principal addressed the students.
• The Principal solemnly addressed the students.
• The Principal addressed the students solemnly.
• The solemn principal addressed the crowd solemnly.
• The slow coach moved in the traffic slowly.
• The funny man danced funnily.
More on Adverbs
Adverb of Affirmation/Negation
Adverb of Degree
These refer to words that assert the actions
emphatically.
These refer to words which show ‘how much’ or
‘to which/what extent’
E.g. certainly, surely, definitely etc.
• Luckily, he escaped unhurt.
• He certainly was a hero.
E.g. hardly, quite, too, very etc.
• He is a pretty good singer.
• He is quite angry.
Adverb of Interrogation
Adverb of Relation
These refer to question words like – when, why,
where.
These refer to words that refer back to a noun as
their antecedent.
E.g.
• Why didn’t he come?
• When is the match scheduled?
E.g. when, where
• This is the place where I played as a child.
• It was a Monday when I received the mail.
Preposition
A Preposition is a short word, usually preceding a noun or a pronoun and expressing a relation to
another word.
E.g. on, in, at, before, ago etc.
The lady sat on the chair.
More about Prepositions will be discussed in the future modules.
Conjunction
A Conjunction is a word which joins words, phrases, clauses or two parts of a sentence together. E.g.:
and, but, or, so, although, because, since, unless etc.
Examples:
• I love going to the mall because I love shopping.
• Although she was running late for work, she managed to make it to the meeting.
Simple acronym to remember conjunctions: FANBOYS
For, And, Nor, But, Or,Yet, So
Conjunction
Single Word
E.g. and, but etc.
Compound
E.g. provided that, as long as
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
I will buy the house so that you need not worry about
the rent.
She is old but dynamic.
As long as you do your work on time, I am fine with the
changes in the module.
Kate is tired so she wants to sleep.
Either you buy the dress or you rent it.
If you do not hurry, you’ll miss the train.
The explosion not only destroyed the hotel but also
the nearby church.
After her son returned from the war, Alice was at
ease.
Neither has Ron watched the movie nor have I watched
it.
Interjection
Interjections are short exclamations, for e.g. Oh!, Umm or Aha! They have no real
grammatical value but we use them quite often. It is mostly used in speaking than in writing.
An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation mark (!) in written form.
Word
Ah, aah!
Meaning
Example
Expressing fright, shock , understanding “Ah, now I understand.”
, pleasure
Well
Expressing surprise, remark
“Well, I didn’t know about that.”
Ouch
Expressing pain
“Ouch! I hit my head!”
Wow
Impressed, surprised
“Wow! That’s amazing!”
Hmm
Expressing doubt, hesitation
“Hmm. I am not sure about this.”
AcrossAdverb
Noun
preposition
DownAdjective
Verb
Conjunction
Identify the following parts of speech
1.
I took a train from Bangalore to Mysore.
2.
I train people on soft skills.
3.
What made you fire your subordinate?
4.
The fire department has regular mock drills.
5.
Jane is the head of the computer science department.
6.
Who will head the team in the discussions?
7.
The entrance to the church was decorated with a huge Cross.
8.
Cross out the wrong answer and tick the right one.
9.
Meenal sat with a blank expression throughout the discussion.
10.
Sudhir blanked-out in the middle of the presentation.
11. Happy accepted the confirmation letter.
12.
He accepted the confirmation letter happily.
Answers:
1. Noun
2. Verb
3. Verb
4. Noun
5. Noun
6. Verb
7. Noun
8. Verb
9. Adjective
10. Verb
11. Noun
12. Adverb
Add suitable interjections, with exclamatory
mark (!) to the following sentences:
Bravo, Alas, Wow, Hurray, Cheers, Behold
1. She is dead.
Answers:
1. Alas! She is dead!
2. The victory is ours.
2. Hurray! The victory is ours!
3. You have made us proud.
3. Bravo! You have made us proud!
4. Behold! The warriors stand tall!
4. The warriors stand tall.
5. Wow! What a great idea
5. What a great idea.
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