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Chapter 14
Therapy
Psychology 101: General
Instructor: Mark Vachon
History of Treatment
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Early treatments:
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Pineal (1793)
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Chained to beds, ice baths, beatings, induced vomiting…
Reforms of Asylums in Paris
Dorthea Dix (1847)
20th Century
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Psychotherapy
Biomedical
Eclectic approach
Dorthea Dix (1802-1887)
Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)
Psychoanalysis
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Revealing unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires that
lead to disorders
Methods:
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Free association
Resistance
Transference
Dream interpretation
Why does this work?
Humanistic Therapy
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Emphasis on potential for self-fulfillment by helping to
grow in awareness and acceptance
Conscious is more important that unconscious
Present and Future more important than Past
Client-Centered Therapy
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Active Listening
Reflection
Unconditional Positive Regard
Empathy
Authenticity
Behavior Therapies
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Action based; change behavior through learning;
behavior is the problem, not symptom
Doubt the healing power of self-awareness
Techniques:
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Exposure
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Aversion therapy
Behavior Modification
Both Photos: Bob Mahoney/ The Image
Works
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Desensitization
Cognitive Therapies
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Focus on distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs
Teaches new, more adaptive ways of thinking
Ellis
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Rational Emotive Therapy
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Challenges irrational beliefs
Beck
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Identify and change illogical or unrealistic thoughts
Relieve symptoms and resolve problems
Build strategies to cope in the future
Psychotherapies
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Are they effective?
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Research shows that treated patients were 80% better than
untreated ones
How do they help?
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Hope for demoralized people
New perspective
Empathic, trusting and caring relationship
Drug Therapies
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Drugs used to relieve symptoms:
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Anti-psychotic
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Anti-anxiety
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Depress CNS activity
Anti-depressant
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Reduce hallucinations and paranoia
Block dopamine receptors (agonists)
Elevate arousal and mood
Increase availability of serotonin and norepinephrine
Mood Stabilizers: Lithium