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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
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Date:________________________
1. Which of the following symbiotic relationships is considered parasitic?
A. ticks feeding on a dog
B. bees transporting pollen from flowers
C. pilotfish swimming under sharks
D. birds eating the insects from the back of a hippopotamus
This online assessment item contains material that has been released to the public by the Massachusetts Department of Education.
2. Single-celled organisms can reproduce and create cells exactly like themselves without combining genes from two
different parent cells. When they do this, they use a type of
A. asexual reproduction.
B. gamete formation.
C. natural selection.
D. sexual reproduction.
This online assessment item contains material that has been released to the public by the Massachusetts Department of Education.
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3. The diagram below shows some of the feeding relationships in a desert food web.
Which of the following trophic levels is not shown in this diagram?
A. producers
B. decomposers
C. primary consumers
D. secondary consumers
This online assessment item contains material that has been released to the public by the Massachusetts Department of Education.
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4. The figures below represent two chromosomes from an animal.
Using the table below that describes the traits carried on Chromosome #6, which trait can the animal inherit only
from its mother?
A. long hair
B. black hair
C. white hair
D. short hair
This online assessment item contains material that has been released to the public by the Massachusetts Department of Education.
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5. A food web is shown below.
Which organism in this food web is a decomposer?
A. American plum
B. Golden mycena
C. Metallic wood borer
D. White-tailed deer
This online assessment item contains material that has been released to the public by the Massachusetts Department of Education.
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6. A partial diagram of a reproductive process is shown below.
Which of the following labels belongs in the oval marked X?
A. egg
B. fetus
C. sperm
D. zygote
This online assessment item contains material that has been released to the public by the Massachusetts Department of Education.
7. Spirogyra are green algae that can reproduce sexually. Which of the following features identifies reproduction in
Spirogyra as sexual reproduction?
A. The cells of parent algae have nuclei.
B. Each offspring contains chloroplasts.
C. Several offspring may be produced at once.
D. Genetic material is contributed by two parent cells.
This online assessment item contains material that has been released to the public by the Massachusetts Department of Education.
8. Which is an adaptation that makes it possible for the animal to survive in a cold climate?
A. tail on a lizard
B. scales on a fish
C. stripes on a tiger
D. fur on a bear
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9. Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and low amounts of rainfall?
A. tundra
B. desert
C. temperate deciduous forest
D. tropical rain forest
10. The following are adaptations in amphibians to live on land except
A. strong bones and muscles.
B. skin that stays moist.
C. gills for breathing.
D. a complete digestive system.
11. Which is a hypothesis?
A. Five earthworms died when the soil became too dry.
B. Earthworms have a mucous-covered outer surface.
C. Heavy rain causes earthworms to move above ground.
D. What will happen if an earthworm is cut in two?
12. What happens to blood in the kidney?
A. It changes from red to blue.
B. It receives oxygen.
C. It is pumped to move faster.
D. It has waste removed.
13. Which body system is needed to help a person move?
A. digestive
B. immune
C. nervous
D. reproductive
14. What type of muscle is found in the heart?
A. skeletal muscle
B. smooth muscle
C. cardiac muscle
D. chest muscle
15. Which system has the primary function of fighting disease?
A. circulatory system
B. excretory system
C. immune system
D. respiratory system
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16.
Use the picture below to answer this question.
The picture shows food about to be mixed and chopped up in a blender. Which body part functions similar to the
blender?
A. heart
B. stomach
C. small intestine
D. large intestine
17. Which body organ removes excess water and wastes from the blood?
A. kidney
B. large intestine
C. small intestine
D. stomach
18. Fossils of animals the size of goats were dated at 5 million years old. Similarly, fossils of larger animals were
dated at 3 million years old. Both animals were similar in body structure to today's horses. Using these data, which
inference can scientists make?
A. The animals were probably ancestors of today's horses.
B. The animals had no relationship to one another.
C. Today's horses and these animals probably lived together at some time in the past.
D. Today's horses are faster than these animals were.
19. Photosynthesis is the way plants make food. Which of the following are always needed for photosynthesis?
A. water, light, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide
B. water, light, flowers, oxygen
C. water, roots, stems, leaves
D. water, light, fertilizer, oxygen
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20. Which of the following types of organisms would benefit most directly from the products of decomposer
organisms?
A. the decomposers themselves
B. the primary consumers
C. the secondary consumers
D. the producers
21. A population of mosquitoes is sprayed with a new insecticide. Most of the mosquitoes are killed but a few
survive. In the next generation, the spraying continues, but still more mosquitoes hatch that are unaffected by the
insecticide. Which of the following best explains these results?
A. The insecticide caused a mutation in the genes of the immune mosquitoes.
B. The mosquitoes learned how to fight the insecticide.
C. A few mosquitoes in the first population were immune and passed this trait to their offspring.
D. The insecticide caused the mosquitoes to develop an immune response that was inherited.
22. Which animal is probably well adapted to a hot, dry environment?
A. a rabbit with small ears and fur that is brown in summer and white in winter
B. a rodent that sleeps underground during the day
C. a white fox with long fur, small ears, and a bulky body
D. a long-legged bird that has dark feathers and eats snails and small fish
23.
The process in which green plants convert energy from the Sun into energy stored in carbon-containing
molecules is called
A. respiration.
B. combustion.
C. digestion.
D. photosynthesis.
24. After walking through a field, you find a tick attached to your leg. What is the tick's relationship to you?
A. predator
B. decomposer
C. producer
D. prey
25. Oxygen is released into the air by
A. the Sun.
B. animals.
C. volcanoes.
D. plants.
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26. A pyramid can be used to illustrate the flow of energy through a food chain. Which shows the correct order of the
organisms in an energy pyramid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
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27. The picture below shows the animal tracks Jeremy found by a riverbank.
Which of the following events probably took place in area X of the picture?
A. Animal 1 was eaten by animal 2.
B. Animal 2 flew away.
C. Animal 2 was eaten by animal 1.
D. Animal 1 stepped in the tracks of animal 2 when leaving area X.
28. During photosynthesis, green plants remove a substance from the air. The substance is
A. water.
B. oxygen.
C. sulfur dioxide.
D. carbon dioxide.
29. In the presence of sunlight green plants give off
A. oxygen.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. nitrogen.
D. hydrogen.
30. Which of these is an important part of the nervous system?
A. spinal cord
B. stomach
C. veins
D. muscles
31. Athlete's foot and ringworm are skin infections caused by organisms belonging to which kingdom?
A. Monerans
B. Protists
C. Fungi
D. Plants
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32. Which biome covers most of the land mass near Earth's equator?
A. tundra
B. desert
C. grassland
D. tropical forest
33. A student wants to study the behavior of a salamander. Which is the best procedure for the student to follow?
A. Catch one, kill it, and dissect it.
B. Observe them in their natural environment.
C. Trap one, keep it in a box, and watch it.
D. See if they respond to bright lights or loud noises.
34. All living organisms are created through the process of
A. growth.
B. metabolism.
C. respiration.
D. reproduction.
35. Which part of a plant cell controls the activities of all other cell parts?
A. cell membrane
B. cell wall
C. vacuole
D. nucleus
36. Which system breaks down food?
A. immune system
B. digestive system
C. respiratory system
D. nervous system
37. The long tube that brings food from the mouth to the stomach is called the
A. bladder.
B. esophagus.
C. large intestine.
D. spinal cord.
38. Species adapt to changes in their environment through which process?
A. extinction
B. mating
C. migration
D. evolution
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39. Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?
A. tundra
B. desert
C. rain forest
D. pine forest
40. Which of the following is produced by photosynthesis?
A. light
B. heat
C. protein
D. sugar
41. When water moves across the cell membrane, the process is called
A. pollination.
B. respiration.
C. transfusion.
D. osmosis.
42. Which ocean organism is considered a producer?
A. phytoplankton
B. zooplankton
C. small fish
D. whales
43. One characteristic feature of tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter,
leaving a layer of permanently frozen subsoil. This characteristic is known as
A. hoarfrost.
B. glaciation.
C. permafrost.
D. crystallization.
44. Which protects the body's organs?
A. skin and bones
B. muscles and lungs
C. bones and stomach
D. muscles and brain
45. Fungi are characterized by having
A. almost all of their body above ground.
B. roots that provide water and minerals.
C. long tube-like filaments that contain a nucleus.
D. single cells that contain chlorophyll.
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46. The process by which producers make their own food is called
A. diffusion.
B. photosynthesis.
C. respiration.
D. reproduction.
47. Which type of trees is found in a temperate forest?
A. deciduous
B. evergreen
C. gingko
D. palm
48. On a recent research trip to the African rain forest, Donna discovered a new organism that is multicellular and
contains chlorophyll. Which kingdom does the newly discovered organism most likely belong to?
A. Animals
B. Plants
C. Monerans
D. Fungi
49. Dominique has a stuffy nose, has trouble breathing, and coughs a lot. Which of her body systems is being
affected?
A. circulatory
B. respiratory
C. skeletal
D. nervous
50. The fungi kingdom would include which organisms?
A. mold, mushrooms, yeast
B. euglena, paramecium, volvox
C. fish, birds, reptiles
D. round, rod, spiral bacteria
51. George's science class looked at living cells under a microscope. The students studied an organism that had many
different kinds of cells, but each cell had a cell wall and nucleus. To which kingdom did this organism belong?
A. Animals
B. Protists
C. Monerans
D. Plants
52. Which major biome is home to cacti, mesquite, white thorn, pack rats, small reptiles, and coyotes?
A. desert
B. taiga
C. tundra
D. grassland
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53. Taiga is a biome consisting of evergreen trees (conifers). Where is taiga found?
A. northern parts of Mexico
B. midwestern states such as Kansas
C. northeastern states such as Massachusetts
D. southwestern parts of Canada
54. Grasslands and savannas are biomes that are very valuable as areas for farming and grazing livestock. In the
United States, these biomes are mostly found in the
A. Southeast.
B. Midwest.
C. Northwest.
D. Southwest.
55. Which two factors are most responsible for the difference between temperate forest biomes and taiga biomes?
A. rainfall and prevailing winds
B. longitude and ocean currents
C. jet streams and cyclones
D. altitude and latitude
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56. The food web below is similar to food webs found in wetlands in Georgia.
What is the original source of the MATTER that the otter uses as food?
A. nightjar
B. trout
C. the Sun
D. waterweed
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57. The organisms in the freshwater marsh habitat below belong to the same food web.
What source of energy fuels this entire food web?
A. the blue heron
B. the dragonfly
C. the cattails
D. the Sun
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58. Look at the food web below.
What would MOST LIKELY happen in the ecosystem if the population of maned geese greatly increased?
A. The lizards would have less competition.
B. The kookaburras would have more competition.
C. The amount of available food for the frogs would increase.
D. The amount of available food for the insects would decrease.
59. Which of these BEST explains why predators need plants, such as grass, in their ecosystems?
A. Plants are a large part of their diets.
B. Plants provide safety for the predators.
C. Plants break down the organisms that the predators eat.
D. Plants provide food for the animals that the predators eat.
60. The human body has several systems that remove waste from the body. The respiratory system is responsible for
removing which of these from the body?
A. urea
B. feces
C. oxygen
D. carbon dioxide
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61. Look at the diagram of a food web.
The removal of which organism would have the GREATEST effect on all remaining organisms in the food web?
A. grass
B. hawk
C. mouse
D. sparrow
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62. The diagram below shows a food web.
Which population of organisms would MOST LIKELY increase if there were fewer grasshoppers?
A. frogs
B. hawks
C. mice
D. owls
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63. The diagram below shows relationships between organisms in a food web.
What do the arrows in the diagram represent?
A. the location and movement of organisms within the food web
B. which organisms are most closely related within the food web
C. the movement of carbon dioxide through the organisms in a food web
D. the transfer of matter and energy through the organisms in a food web
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64. Look at the food web below.
According to this food web, how do shrimp and crabs obtain energy?
A. by eating producers
B. by eating consumers
C. by turning light into food
D. by releasing carbon dioxide
65. What is the role of the Sun in a forest ecosystem?
A. It decomposes wastes into nutrients.
B. It gives chlorophyll to the producers.
C. It allows oxygen to be formed in the animals.
D. It provides the energy for all living organisms.
66. Albert is studying food web relationships in wetland ecosystems. He learned that hawks feed on shrews and
shrews feed on cattails. What is the original source of energy for wetland ecosystems?
A. plants
B. insects
C. the Sun
D. predators
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67. The diagram below is of a food web in a southern salt marsh.
When the snails feed on a type of fungus that grows on the cordgrass, they scrape and damage the cordgrass. What
would MOST LIKELY happen in this food web if the number of blue crabs suddenly decreased?
A. The number of fish would decrease as the snails ate more of them.
B. The Sun would need to provide more energy to power the entire web.
C. The cordgrass would have more room and the fungus available would increase.
D. The number of snails would increase and result in more damage to the cordgrass.
68. The number of spotted owls in the Pacific Northwest has decreased dramatically over the last twenty years.
Which of these changes MOST LIKELY caused this decrease in the population size of the species?
A. Rainfall has greatly increased in this area.
B. A new ranger station was built in this area.
C. A communications tower was put up in this area.
D. Old-growth forests have been cut down in this area.
69. During a drought in a grassland, the amount of grass that grows is limited. Which of these organisms would
MOST immediately be affected?
A. mice
B. owls
C. snakes
D. toads
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70. Maria and her classmates are observing animals at the pond. They notice that wood storks and ibises both feed on
fish. Which of these describes the relationship between these two birds?
A. parasitism
B. competition
C. predator and prey
D. producer and consumer
71. This picture shows a clownfish finding protection as it hides in sea anemones in the ocean.
Clownfish help provide food for anemones. Which of these describes the relationship between clownfish and sea
anemones?
A. competition
B. mutualism
C. parasitism
D. predation
72. Which of these describes a mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms?
A. a dog with worms in its intestines
B. a turtle and a snail that both eat grass live in a river
C. a honeybee pollinating a plant and receiving nectar for food
D. a small fish attached to a shark, eating tiny pieces of the shark's food as it floats by
73. One of Earth's biomes receives 0 to 25 centimeters of rain per year, has a temperature range of 0° to 50° Celsius,
has poor soil, and is home to lizards, scorpions, and snakes. What is the name of this biome?
A. desert
B. mountain
C. taiga
D. tundra
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74. Which biome receives between 0 and 25 centimeters of precipitation each year, has a temperature range from
–27° to 5° Celsius, has frozen soil, and is home to hares, caribou, and wolves?
A. desert
B. mountain
C. savanna
D. tundra
75. Polar bears and brown bears are related. Over time, polar bears and brown bears have developed different
appearances. Which of these MOST LIKELY caused the difference in fur color between the two species?
A. Polar bears ate less and lost fur color.
B. Brown bears ate food that caused their fur to be brown.
C. Brown bears benefited by growing thicker fur to keep them warm.
D. Polar bears benefited from lighter colored fur and passed it on to their offspring.
76. Two species of butterfly look almost identical, even though they are not related. One of the species is poisonous
to birds, causing them to become ill, while the other species is not poisonous. What is the MOST LIKELY reason that
the two species of butterfly look so similar?
A. The two butterfly species have adapted to look like each other so that they could breed.
B. Over time the two butterfly species have adapted to look like each other because they eat the same food.
C. Over time the non-poisonous butterfly has adapted to look like the poisonous butterfly to help protect it from
predators.
D. The poisonous butterfly has adapted to look like the non-poisonous butterfly so that it can live in the same
environment.
77. A scientist found a fish fossil while digging in sedimentary rock. She carefully dug deeper and found a second
fish fossil that had a slightly different skeletal structure than the first. What is the MOST LIKELY explanation for
these slight differences?
A. The fish species adapted over time.
B. The fossils were buried at the same time.
C. The first fossil was more damaged over time.
D. One of the fossils was damaged during the dig.
78. Mary wrote a science fiction story about another planet. The animals who lived there were similar to animals on
Earth. On her planet, however, the animals do not breathe. Which body part would be of no use to the animals on her
science fiction planet?
A. brain
B. heart
C. lungs
D. stomach
79. Which BEST describes a bird laying eggs?
A. breathing
B. reproducing
C. digesting food
D. excreting waste
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80. Dora lives in a biome that receives a lot of rain and has many large plants reaching heights of 30 to 50 meters
above ground. There are also many low-lying and medium height plants. What biome does she live in?
A. tundra
B. desert
C. rainforest
D. deciduous forest
81. Adam's class performed an experiment about mold growth on bread.
Which conclusion can they make from observing the mold?
A. Temperature has no effect on mold growth.
B. Colder temperatures decrease mold growth.
C. Warmer temperatures decrease mold growth.
D. Colder temperatures increase mold growth.
82. Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food. Which do scientists classify as autotrophs?
A. chordates
B. fungi
C. plants
D. molds
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83.
The picture above shows a starfish common to the Mediterranean Sea. They are a problem because they tangle fishing
nets and eat shellfish, such as oysters. Frustrated fishermen would pick starfish out of their nets and cut them into
little pieces. Unfortunately, this only helped the starfish to reproduce and make more starfish. This type of
reproduction is
A. sexual reproduction by regeneration.
B. sexual reproduction through gamete production.
C. asexual reproduction by budding.
D. asexual reproduction by fragmentation.
84.
Mike and his three brothers all have brown hair. Mike's father has brown hair, too. Mike's mother, however, is the
only family member that has red hair color. What conclusion can you draw about the gene for hair color?
A. The gene for red hair is dominant over the gene for brown hair.
B. The gene for brown hair is dominant over the gene for red hair.
C. Neither brown nor red are dominant since they both occur in the same family.
D. Red and brown genes are co-dominant.
85.
Suppose there is a town called Cellville. Which building in Cellville would have a purpose similar to the
mitochondria of the cell?
A. the library
B. the water tower
C. the power plant
D. the police station
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86.
What pair of cell structures are found in plant cells, function in protecting the cell and making food, and are not found
in animal cells?
A. cell membrane and ribosomes
B. cell wall and chloroplasts
C. mitochondria and a nucleus
D. flagella and Golgi bodies
87.
Rudy has blue eyes, while Gertrude has brown eyes. What causes them to have different eye colors?
A. They have different chromosomes for the two eye colors.
B. Rudy has a different number of chromosomes than Gertrude.
C. They have different combinations of the genes for eye color.
D. Rudy's mother must have had blue eyes, because you only get blue eyes from your mother.
88.
Brian owns a peacock farm. One day, a large batch of eggs hatch and Brian discovers that a few of the chicks are
white instead of blue. White chicks can be sold for $100 each, instead of the $50 that people pay for blue chicks. If
Brian wants to raise more white peacocks in order to make more money, what should he do?
A. He should continue breeding the peacocks the same way.
B. He should always be sure to cross blue peacocks with white peacocks.
C. He should isolate the white peacocks and allow them only to breed with each other.
D. He should bleach the feathers of the blue peacocks before allowing them to breed with any white peacocks.
89.
What is the correct series of steps for the movement of energy in a food chain?
A. producers consumers scavengers and recyclers sun
B. sun consumers producers scavengers and recyclers
C. sun producers scavengers and recyclers consumers
D. sun producers consumers scavengers and recyclers
90.
Place the levels of biological organization in the correct order.
A. cell organelle tissue
B. cell tissue organelle
C. organelle cell organ
D. organelle cell tissue
organ
organ
tissue
organ
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91.
In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Suppose a purple-flowered plant with genotype Pp is
crossed with another purple-flowered plant with the same Pp genotype. What percentage of offspring will also have
purple flowers?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
92.
The allele for black hair, B, is dominant to orange tabby color, b, in cats. Based upon the Punnett square shown
above, what did the parents look like in this genetic cross?
A. two tabby parents
B. two black parents
C. one black parent, one tabby parent
D. both parents were a mix of black and tabby
93.
Which pair of organisms listed below are competitors for the same natural resources?
A. ticks and dogs
B. lions and leopards
C. honeybees and flowers
D. salmon and brown bears
94.
Which of the following habitats probably has the greatest number of plant and animal species?
A. the African savanna
B. a rainforest in Brazil
C. a temperate forest in China
D. a temperate grassland in Kansas
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95.
Food webs in the rainforests of Asia contain thousands of species of animals and support many large, predatory
animals. Others biomes, such as the taiga of Northern Europe, contain less than 100 animal species and have only a
few large predators. What factor is the most important in determining the overall size of a food web?
A. number of producers
B. number of herbivores
C. number of carnivores
D. number of decomposers
96.
Which of these factors is likely to affect the survival of an entire SPECIES of tree frog?
A. an overpopulation of predatory birds
B. an abundance of a poisonous grass
C. spraying of pesticides
D. habitat destruction
97.
In his observations of the finches in the Galapagos Islands, Darwin stated that we could never "watch" natural
selection in action. Why did Darwin believe this?
A. Natural selection happens so quickly, it is difficult to see.
B. Natural selection is an internal process that can not be outwardly observed.
C. Natural selection occurs over so many generations, it is impossible to see changes occur.
D. Natural selection is a process that occurs randomly, and it is unlikely that a human would be present when it
occurs.
98.
Roberto feeds his pet iguana a mixture of salad greens, carrots, squash, crickets, and worms as part of his regular diet.
What type of consumer is the iguana?
A. herbivore
B. carnivore
C. omnivore
D. detritivore
99.
A small island in the Pacific Island is colonized by birds. The birds find that there is plenty of water and food and that
the predators on the island cannot kill healthy adult birds. Which of these things will probably be true in the future?
A. The bird population will not increase but remain stable.
B. The bird population will increase without limits, since the island has lots of food and water.
C. The bird population will increase until competition limits the bird population after a few generations.
D. The predators on the island will rapidly evolve and begin killing the birds, lowering their population.
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100.
Coyotes and bobcats are natural competitors in many ecosystems in the United States. In the desert regions of the
American Southwest, jackrabbits are the primary prey of both animals. What type of relationship does the jackrabbit
population have to coyotes and bobcats?
A. It is an abiotic factor.
B. It is a competitor.
C. It is a limiting factor.
D. It is the carrying capacity.
101.
Karl describes an ecosystem that he visits frequently. The plant life in the ecosystem is mostly grass, about 3 feet tall.
The grass is in a muddy area that floods each afternoon with a mix of freshwater and saltwater. There is a small river
present. Karl likes to catch crabs there and often sees baby fish. What type of ecosystem is Karl describing?
A. estuary ecosystem
B. shoreline ocean ecosystem
C. freshwater river ecosystem
D. coral reef ocean ecosystem
102.
Biomes are classified by average annual temperature and precipitation. Which biome is characterized by limited
available water due to extremely low temperatures, permafrost, 24 hour seasonal days and nights, as well as animals
with thick fur and blubber?
A. taiga
B. tundra
C. alpine forest
D. temperate forest
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103.
The food chain above, from bottom to top, shows that freshwater crustaceans are eaten by shad, which are eaten by
perch, which are then eaten by pike. Finally, ospreys eat the pike. What would be the predicted outcome, short-term
or long-term, if a seafood restaurant caught most of the perch in the lake?
A. There would be a permanent decrease in shad.
B. Most of the pike in the lake would starve and die.
C. There would be a dramatic increase in freshwater crustaceans.
D. The perch would migrate to another lake due to the pike shortage.
104.
In many areas on Earth large predatory animals such as wolves, panthers, and eagles, are becoming endangered. One
explanation for the decrease in large animal populations is
A. drought.
B. over hunting.
C. global warming.
D. habitat destruction.
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105.
The picture above shows Denali National Park in Alaska. Most of the trees are spruce and Douglas fir, which are
evergreen. The winters are long and cold and the summers are short and very rainy. The soil is very rich. Moose and
elk live here. This biome would be classified as the
A. taiga.
B. tundra.
C. temperate forest.
D. deciduous forest.
106.
What is the major purpose of the endocrine system?
A. It is involved with the digestion of food.
B. It sends oxygen and nutrients around the body.
C. It releases hormones and controls other organs.
D. It provides protection against germs and other invaders.
107.
What is the primary purpose of mitochondria in a cell?
A. They store genetic information.
B. They convert food molecules into energy the cell can use.
C. They trap sunlight and use the energy to make food.
D. They ship proteins and other substances across the cell membrane.
108.
Which of the examples below can BEST be described as mutualism between animals?
A. a tapeworm lives in the intestine of a bird and consumes the food that the bird has eaten
B. mountain lions and wolves fight each other for the same deer
C. a bird eats parasites off of a rhinoceros while the rhinoceros provides protection to the bird
D. rats live in the garbage dump of a town and rarely interact with people
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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
109.
Bethany saw this jawbone while walking in the woods. She could tell by the teeth that this animal was —
A. a herbivore
B. a producer
C. a decomposer
D. a carnivore
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© Virginia Department of Education
110. Which of these is a decomposer?
A. Mouse
B. Mushroom
C. Tree
D. Fox
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© Virginia Department of Education
111. Geologists learn what organisms were like in the past by studying —
A. minerals.
B. water.
C. fossils.
D. atmosphere.
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© Virginia Department of Education
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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
112. In plant cells, chloroplasts —
A. act as the cell's control center.
B. enable plant cells to produce their own food.
C. allow materials to move into and out of the cell.
D. support and protect the cell.
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© Virginia Department of Education
113. The black widow spider is common to Virginia's ledges, rocks, and plants. Why are these spiders
important to the balance in nature?
A. They poison other animals.
B. They are harmless to people.
C. They eat plants.
D. They help control some insects.
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© Virginia Department of Education
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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
114.
In the food web shown, which of the following consumers eats only producers?
A. Hawk
B. Owl
C. Fox
D. Mouse
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© Virginia Department of Education
115. Which biome contains large populations of grazing herbivores, few species of birds, and deep, rich soil?
A. A taiga
B. A tundra
C. A deciduous forest
D. A grassland
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© Virginia Department of Education
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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
116.
What is next in this series?
A. Habitats
B. Organisms
C. Systems
D. Organelles
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© Virginia Department of Education
117.
In this food web, which organism has the greatest number of food sources?
A. Snake
B. Hawk
C. Shrew
D. Mouse
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© Virginia Department of Education
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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
118.
Pollen is produced in the —
A. ovary.
B. pistil.
C. petal.
D. stamen.
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© Virginia Department of Education
119. Organisms that absorb nutrients from dead plants and animals are called —
A. carnivores.
B. decomposers.
C. herbivores.
D. producers.
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© Virginia Department of Education
37
lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
Answer Key
1. A) ticks feeding on a dog
2. A) asexual reproduction.
3. B) decomposers
4. A) long hair
5. B) Golden mycena
6. D) zygote
7. D) Genetic material is contributed by two parent cells.
8. D) fur on a bear
9. A) tundra
10. C) gills for breathing.
11. C) Heavy rain causes earthworms to move above ground.
12. D) It has waste removed.
13. C) nervous
14. C) cardiac muscle
15. C) immune system
16. B) stomach
17. A) kidney
18. A) The animals were probably ancestors of today's horses.
19. A) water, light, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide
20. D) the producers
21. C) A few mosquitoes in the first population were immune and passed this trait to their offspring.
22. B) a rodent that sleeps underground during the day
23. D) photosynthesis.
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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
24. A) predator
25. D) plants.
26. B)
27. A) Animal 1 was eaten by animal 2.
28. D) carbon dioxide.
29. A) oxygen.
30. A) spinal cord
31. C) Fungi
32. D) tropical forest
33. B) Observe them in their natural environment.
34. D) reproduction.
35. D) nucleus
36. B) digestive system
37. B) esophagus.
38. D) evolution
39. C) rain forest
40. D) sugar
41. D) osmosis.
42. A) phytoplankton
43. C) permafrost.
44. A) skin and bones
45. C) long tube-like filaments that contain a nucleus.
46. B) photosynthesis.
47. A) deciduous
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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
48. B) Plants
49. B) respiratory
50. A) mold, mushrooms, yeast
51. D) Plants
52. A) desert
53. D) southwestern parts of Canada
54. B) Midwest.
55. D) altitude and latitude
56. D) waterweed
57. D) the Sun
58. D) The amount of available food for the insects would decrease.
59. D) Plants provide food for the animals that the predators eat.
60. D) carbon dioxide
61. A) grass
62. C) mice
63. D) the transfer of matter and energy through the organisms in a food web
64. A) by eating producers
65. D) It provides the energy for all living organisms.
66. C) the Sun
67. D) The number of snails would increase and result in more damage to the cordgrass.
68. D) Old-growth forests have been cut down in this area.
69. A) mice
70. B) competition
71. B) mutualism
72. C) a honeybee pollinating a plant and receiving nectar for food
73. A) desert
74. D) tundra
75. D) Polar bears benefited from lighter colored fur and passed it on to their offspring.
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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
76. C) Over time the non-poisonous butterfly has adapted to look like the poisonous butterfly to help protect it from
predators.
77. A) The fish species adapted over time.
78. C) lungs
79. B) reproducing
80. C) rainforest
81. B) Colder temperatures decrease mold growth.
82. C) plants
83. D) asexual reproduction by fragmentation.
84. B) The gene for brown hair is dominant over the gene for red hair.
85. C) the power plant
86. B) cell wall and chloroplasts
87. C) They have different combinations of the genes for eye color.
88. C) He should isolate the white peacocks and allow them only to breed with each other.
89. D) sun
producers
90. D) organelle
cell
consumers
tissue
scavengers and recyclers
organ
91. C) 75%
92. C) one black parent, one tabby parent
93. B) lions and leopards
94. B) a rainforest in Brazil
95. A) number of producers
96. D) habitat destruction
97. C) Natural selection occurs over so many generations, it is impossible to see changes occur.
98. C) omnivore
99. C) The bird population will increase until competition limits the bird population after a few generations.
100. C) It is a limiting factor.
101. A) estuary ecosystem
102. B) tundra
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lifescience2011practice (lifescience20011practice)
103. B) Most of the pike in the lake would starve and die.
104. D) habitat destruction.
105. A) taiga.
106. C) It releases hormones and controls other organs.
107. B) They convert food molecules into energy the cell can use.
108. C) a bird eats parasites off of a rhinoceros while the rhinoceros provides protection to the bird
109. A) a herbivore
110. B) Mushroom
111. C) fossils.
112. B) enable plant cells to produce their own food.
113. D) They help control some insects.
114. D) Mouse
115. D) A grassland
116. C) Systems
117. B) Hawk
118. D) stamen.
119. B) decomposers.
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