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STUDY GUIDE SECTION 21-1 Terrestrial Biomes Name _____________________ Period __________ Date ____________ Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank 1. ______ The biome that is characterized by the presence of permafrost is called a. savanna b. desert c. taiga d. tundra 2. ______ Plants living in the taiga are adapted for a. long, cold winters. c. nutrient-rich soil. b. long summers. d. very small amounts of precipitation. 3. ______Prairie, steppe and veldt are different names for the biome known as a. tundra. c. temperate deciduous forest. b. grassland. d. taiga. 4. ______Which of the following is not an adaptation that limits water loss in desert plants? a. protective spines. c. broad, thin leaves. b. a waxy coating. d. opening of stomata only at night. 5. ______The amount of light that reaches the floor of a tropical rain forest is limited by the a. short growing season in the tropics. b. forest canopy. c. dense growth of short vegetation that covers most of the floor. d. dense fog that exists within the forest. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Describe the: A. Tundra-______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ B. Taiga- _______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ C. Temperate grasslands- __________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ D. Chaparral- ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Page 1 of 4 E. Savanna- _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe two factors that limit tree growth in the tundra. A. _____________________________________________________________________ B. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What characteristic of grasses enables these plants to survive occasional fires and continuous grazing by animals? ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the canopy of the Tropical Rain Forest. ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. How are the plants of savannas adapted to the rainfall pattern of this biome? __________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6. Describe three adaptations of desert organisms that conserve water. A. _____________________________________________________________________ B. _____________________________________________________________________ C. _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Explain why vines are so common in rain forests. _______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The bar graphs below summarize the typical temperature range, annual precipitation, and soil-nutrient level of four biomes. Label each graph according to the biome it represents. Page 2 of 4 STUDY GUIDE SECTION 21-2 Aquatic Ecosystems Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank 1. ______Which of the following is not an environmental factor that organisms in the intertidal zone must cope with? a. periodic exposure to the air c. constant darkness b. the force of crashing waves d. the possibility of dehydration 2. ______Coral reefs form in the a. neritic zone. b. intertidal zone. c. pelagic zone. d. aphotic zone. 3. ______There are fewer species in the oceanic zone than in the neritic zone because the oceanic zone a. receives very little sunlight. c. is very cold. b. has low nutrient levels. d. is under very high pressure. 4. ______A salt marsh is an example of a(n) a. pelagic zone. b. species-poor community. c. estuary community. d. oligotrophic zone. 5. ______Eutrophic lakes a. have very clear water. b. generally do not contain fish. c. contain little organic matter. d. are rich in vegetation. Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Distinguish between the photic and the aphotic zone. _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe three adaptations of the intertidal organisms that enable them to survive in this zone: A. _____________________________________________________________________ B. _____________________________________________________________________ C. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe upwelling. ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Page 3 of 4 4. Explain why plankton is important to aquatic ecosystems. _________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Explain why the productivity of the oceanic zone is high, even though the nutrient levels are low. _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6. Describe the main difference between oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes. ______________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 7. Explain how producers near deep-sea vents obtain energy. ________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8. Water that drains from agricultural fields during heavy rains or over-irrigation may contain high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients. What effect might this water have if it is allowed to enter an oligotrophic lake? __________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Identify the ocean zones labeled a-g in the diagram below. Page 4 of 4