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The Heart Circulatory System Try it! Stand up and put one hand in the air and one hand below your waist - stand like that for one minute! Do you notice difference In your palms; why does it look the way it does? Is there a difference between your right and left hand when either is below your waist? Based on this experiment, can you explain how blood gets to our brains? What happens if there isn‛t any blood going to our brains? Misunderstood Geniuses: William Harvey https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NOU4McjtXs *Disclaimer: Some inappropriate language! Your body is made of trillions of cells. • Each cell needs oxygen and nutrients. • As your cells carry out their functions, they need to get rid of wastes like carbon dioxide. • To do this, your body has a transportation system. Circulatory System • The system that transports blood through the body, delivers essential substances to cells, and removes wastes. Circulatory System The circulatory system consists of: • Heart • Blood Vessels • Blood What pumps over two million liters of blood per year and weighs only 300 grams? THE HEART! In fact … • Your heart pumps around 5 Liters of blood at the rate of about 60 beats per minute. • That’s about 100,000 beats per day and 35 million beats in a year. The heart is a hollow organ found in the middle of your chest. The Heart • The heart contracts (squeezes) to pump blood throughout the body. • It is made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue. • Contractions happen when this muscle tissue shortens. The right and left sides of the heart have separate functions. Right Side The right side of the heart collects oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Body ----------------------> Lungs This is called: PULMONARY CIRCULATION Left Side The left side of the heart then collects oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body so that every cell in the body has the oxygen it needs. Lungs ----------------------> Body This is called: SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION The heart has four chambers. Chambers of the Heart • Each chamber has a one-way valve at its exit. A valve is a flap of tissue that prevents the back-flow of blood. • When each chamber contracts, the valve at its exit opens. • When each chamber relaxes, the valve closes so that blood does not flow backwards. The heart contracts (or beats) in TWO stages. In the first stage, blood enters the atria (plural of atrium). • The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. • The right atrium receives oxygenpoor blood from the body. When the atria contract, blood is squeezed into the ventricles. • In the second stage, while the atria relax, the ventricles contract together. This pushes blood out of the heart. • Blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs. • Blood from the left ventricle goes to the body. Ventricle Walls The left ventricle wall is much thicker and more muscular than the right ventricle wall. This is because the right ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to the entire body, which requires a lot of force! Stages of Heart Beat • Then the heart muscle relaxes before the next heartbeat. • This allows blood to flow into the atria again. Useful Videos! • How Your Heart Works (Kids Health) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_e VG45_iF9U • Exploring the Heart – The Circulatory System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5iCoCaofc Useful Videos! • How the Heart Works 3D Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHM mtqKgs50 • The Heart and Circulatory System (Mayo Clinic) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWFy xn0qDEU • The Heart Part 1 (Crash Course) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9ZZ6 tcxArI