Download How Plants Grow - Discovery Education

How Plants Grow
from the
Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study
Teacher’s Guide
1
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
How Plants Grow
from the
Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study
Written and Produced by
John Colgren
Published and Distributed by
AGC/United Learning
1560 Sherman Avenue, Suite 100
Evanston, IL 60201
800-323-9084
FAX 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com
e-mail: [email protected]
All material in this program is the exclusive property of the copyright holder. Copying, transmitting, or reproducing in any form,
or by any means, without prior written permission from the
coyright holder is prohibited.(Title 17, U.S. Code Sections 501
and 506).
©2000 Colgren Communications
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
Contents
Introduction to the Unit of Study … … … …1
Unit Goals … … … … … … … … … … … … … …1
Unit Assessment Tools … … … … … … … …2
Unit Answer Key … … … … … … … … … … …2
Lesson Introduction
… … … … … … … … …5
Links to Curriculum Standards … … … … …6
Student Objectives … … … … … … … … … …7
Instructional Notes … … … … … … … … … …7
Teacher Preparation … … … … … … … … …8
Introducing the Video
… … … … … … … …8
Follow-Up Discussion … … … … … … … … …9
Blackline Master Descriptions … … … … …9
Enrichment Activities … … … … … … … …10
Answer Key
… … … … … … … … … … … …10
Internet References … … … … … … … … …13
Script of Video Narration … … … … … … …13
This video is closed captioned
The purchase of this video program entitles the user to the right to
reproduce or duplicate, in whole or in part, this teacher’s guide and
the blackline master handouts that accompany it for the purpose of
teaching in conjunction with this video, HOW PLANTS GROW.
This right is restricted only for use with this video program. Any
reproduction or duplication in whole or in part of this guide and the
blackline master handouts for any purpose other than for use with
this video program is prohibited.
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
CLASSROOM/LIBRARY
VIEWING CLEARANCE
This program is for instructional use. The cost of each program
includes public performance rights as long as no admission
charge is made. Public performance rights are defined as viewing of a video in the course of face-to-face teaching activities in
a classroom, library, or similar setting devoted to instruction.
Closed Circuit Rights are included as a part of the public performance rights as long as closed-circuit transmission is
restricted to a single campus. For multiple locations, call your
AGC/United Learning representative.
Television/Cable/Satellite Rights are available. Call your
AGC/United Learning representative for details.
Duplication Rights are available if requested in large quantities.
Call your AGC/United Learning representative for details.
Quantity Discounts are available for large purchases. Call your
AGC/United Learning representative for information and pricing. Discounts, and some special services, are not applicable
outside the United States.
Your suggestions and recommendations are welcome. Feel free
at any time to call AGC/United Learning at 1-800-323-9084.
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
HOW PLANTS GROW
from the Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study
Grades 1-4
Viewing Time: 10 minutes with an optional 10-question Video Quiz
INTRODUCTION TO THE UNIT OF STUDY
The Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study is designed for
use in grades 1-4 as an introduction to the major ideas
and concepts associated with the world of plants. The
video programs contain information that closely supports the content established in the National Science
Education Standards for these grade levels.
UNIT GOALS
After having particpated in each of the four programs in
the Unit of Study and their respective follow-up activities, students should be able to identify that:
• Plants have basic needs which they must get from their
environment.
• Plants are the only things capable of producing their
own food.
• Plants are the foundation for all food chains.
• Plants release oxygen into the air as a by-product of
photosynthesis.
• Plants have specific structures for growth, survival, and
reproduction.
• Plants go through a life cycle.
• Plants provide many raw materials that humans have
become dependent upon.
1
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
UNIT ASSESSMENT TOOLS
This Unit of Study is accompanied by a Unit Pre-Test,
designed to gauge what students know about plants
prior to the administration of all four individual lessons,
and a Unit Post-Test, designed to assess their knowledge
after completing all four lessons and their respective follow-up activities. The results of these two assessment
tools may be compared on a student-by-student or classroom basis in order to highlight objectives that may need
reinforcement.
UNIT ANSWER KEY
UNIT PRE-TEST
Matching Section:
8- pistil, the female part of a flowering plant.
7- crop rotation, farmers don't plant the same type
of crop each year in a field.
5- cotyledons, the stored food in a seed.
4- carbon dioxide, a gas exhaled by animals and
humans.
10- pollen, the male sex cell.
9- stamen, the male part of a flowering plant.
2- chlorophyll, the green-colored chemical that gives
plants their color and helps with food making.
6- fossil fuels, fuels that have formed over millions of
years from the remains of prehistoric plants and
animals.
1photosynthesis, the food-making process carried on
by plants.
3- oxygen, a gas released by plants and needed by
animals.
Short Answer Section:
1. Insects visit flowers for the nectar they contain and,
in the process, rub against the anthers and pick up pollen
grains that stick to their legs and bodies. The pollen is
carried to other flowers and may be deposited on the
2
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
stigma of the new flower. Insects help with fertilization.
2. Some seeds float and can be carried by rivers and
oceans. Some seeds float in the air and are carried by
wind. Some seeds are dispersed by birds and other animals when they are eaten and then released with waste
product. Some seeds stick to fur and gain a ride.
3. Plants produce so many seeds because most will
never grow into a new plant.
4. Many animals eat fruits that contain seeds. The seeds
are swallowed with the fruit and later released with
waste product. Sometimes seeds are sticky and cling to
animal fur for a ride to a new location.
5. Seeds need water, warmth, and darkness.
6. Leaves carry on the food-making process called photosynthesis.
7. Roots supply support to the plant and take in water
and minerals. Some roots are used as food storage.
8. Stems hold the leaves up into the sunlight. They provide a transportation system for moving water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and food from the
leaves to the rest of the plant.
9. Plants are the only living things capable of making
food. Plants are the foundation for all food webs and
they also release oxygen into the air, which is necessary
for animal survival.
10. Plants need water and minerals from the soil. They
also need carbon dioxide, which is taken in by leaves.
Sunlight provides the energy for photosynthesis.
11. Answers will vary, but may include: clothes, food, oxygen, shelter, lumber, medicine, fuel, etc.
Flower Part Identification:
anther 4
stamen 6
style 2
pistil 7
ovary 3
stigma 1
filament 5
3
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
UNIT POST-TEST
Definitions:
1. photosynthesis - The food-making process used by
green plants.
2. chlorophyll - The chemical found in plants that gives
them the green color and helps with the food-making
process.
3. oxygen - A gas that is released by plants and is essential to life.
4. carbon dioxide - A gas exhaled by animals and taken
in by plants as an ingredient in photosynthesis.
5. cotyledons - Food supplies found in seeds to provide
nourishment until the plant can start making its own
food.
6. fossil fuels - Fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oil,
that were formed millions of years ago from the remains
of prehistoric plants and animals.
7. crop rotation - A technique used to keep fields healthy
by planting different crops each year.
8. pistil - The female part of a flower.
9. stamen - The male part of a flower.
10. pollen - the male sex cell of the plant world.
Short Answer Section:
1. Plants produce so many seeds because most will
never grow into a new plant.
2. Seeds need water, warmth, and darkness.
3. Many animals eat fruits that contain seeds. The seeds
are swallowed with the fruit and later released with
waste product. Sometimes seeds are sticky and cling to
animal fur for a ride to a new location.
4. Leaves carry on the food making-process called photosynthesis.
5. Roots supply support to the plant and take in water
and minerals. Some roots are used as food storage.
6. Stems hold the leaves up into the sunlight. They provide a transportation system for moving water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and food from the
leaves to the rest of the plant.
4
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
7. Plants are the only living things capable of making
food. Plants are the foundation for all food webs and
they also release oxygen into the air, which is necessary
for animal survival.
8. Plants need water and minerals from the soil. They
also need carbon dioxide, which is taken in by leaves.
Sunlight provides the energy for photosynthesis.
9. Some seeds float and can be carried by rivers and
oceans. Some seeds float in the air and are carried by
wind. Some seeds are dispersed by birds and other animals when they are eaten and then released with waste
product. Some seeds stick to fur and gain a ride.
10. Insects visit flowers for the nectar they contain and,
in the process, rub against the anthers and pick up pollen
grains that stick to their legs and bodies. The pollen is
carried to other flowers and may be deposited on the
stigma of the new flower. Insects help with fertilization.
11. Answers will vary, but may include: clothes, food, oxygen, shelter, lumber, medicine, fuel, etc.
LESSON INTRODUCTION
This video program discusses the growth of plants from
sprouting seeds to adult plants capable of producing
food. Plant parts and their functions are also introduced.
Debbie conducts some experiments to observe the
sprouting of a seed and the movement of water through
the stem of a plant. Roots, stems, leaves, and flowers and
their functions are described. Photosynthesis and fertilization are also presented.
Other titles in the Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study include:
• Where Plants Come From
• Plants Can Be Found Everywhere
• The Importance of Plants To Our World
5
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
LINKS TO CURRICULUM STANDARDS
As stated in the the National Science Education
Standards, "During the elementary grades, children build
understanding of biological concepts through direct
experience with living things, their life cycles, and their
habitats." The specific content standards addressed in
this Unit of Study are:
The Characterisitics of Organisms
• Organisms have basic needs. For example, animals need
air, water, and food; plants require air, water, nutrients,
and light. Organisms can survive only in environments in
which their needs can be met. The world has many different environments, and distinct environments support
the life of different types of organisms.
• Each plant or animal has different structures that serve
different functions in gowth, survival, and reproduction.
• The behavior of individual organisms is influenced by
internal cues (such as hunger) and by external cues (such
as a change in the environment).
Life Cycles of Organisms
• Plants and animals have life cycles that include being
born, developing into adults, reproducing, and eventually dying. The details of this life cycle are different for different organisms.
• Plants and animals closely resemble their parents.
• Many characteristics of an organism are inherited from
the parents of the organism, but other characteristics
result from an individual's interactions with the environment. Inherited characteristics include the color of flowers and the number of limbs of an animal. Other features,
such as the ability to ride a bicycle, are learned through
interactions with the environment and cannot be passed
on to the next generation.
Organisms and the Environments
• All animals depend on plants. Some animals eat plants
for food. Other animals eat animals that eat plants.
• An organism's patterns of behavior are related to the
nature of that organism's environment, including the
6
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
kinds and numbers of other organisms present, the availability of food and resources, and the physical characteristics of the environment. When the environment
changes, some plants and animals survive and reproduce, and others die or move to new locations.
• All organisms cause changes in the environment where
they live. Some of these changes are detrimental to the
organism or other organisms, whereas others are beneficial.
• Humans depend on their natural and constructed environments. Humans change environments in ways that
can be either beneficial or detrimental for themselves
and other organisms.
STUDENT OBJECTIVES
After viewing the video and participating in the follow-up
activities, students should be able to ...
• Discuss why sprouting plants need warmth, water, air,
and food.
• Identify chlorophyll as the green material in a leaf that
enables a plant to make its own food.
• List the raw materials a plant needs to carry on photosynthesis.
• Describe the main function of roots, stems, and leaves.
INSTRUCTIONAL NOTES
Before presenting this lesson to your students, we suggest that you preview the video and review this guide
and the accompanying blackline master activities in
order to familiarize yourself with their content.
As you review the materials presented in this guide, you
may find it necessary to make some changes, additions,
or deletions to meet the specific needs of your class. We
encourage you to do so, for only by tailoring this program to your class will they obtain the maximum instructional benefits afforded by the materials.
7
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
It is also suggested that the video presentation take
place before the entire group under your supervision.
The lesson activities grow out of the context of the video;
therefore, the presentation should be a common experience for all students.
TEACHER PREPARATION
Duplicate any blackline masters you wish to distribute.
Blackline Master 1, Pre-Test, may be used before the
video is shown. It will help to identify what students
already know about the subject matter. If you plan to use
Blackline Master 2, Video Quiz, which immediately follows the video presentation, you may wish to have copies
of the quiz ready to distribute at the completion of the
video program. Also, plan to pause the tape between
questions if students require more time. The Video Quiz
and many of the other duplicating masters were
designed for use with third and fourth graders, so if you
are working with younger children, you will need to adapt
the material. One method would be to use the Video
Quiz as a class activity together as a review.
INTRODUCING THE VIDEO
• Ask students to think of how living things go through
stages of development. Animals have babies that grow
and develop over years. They go through stages of development, such as being born, infancy, childhood, adulthood, and finally, death. Plants are living organisms that
also go through stages of development. Starting as
seeds, they sprout and develop into adult plants capable
of reproducing and spreading new seeds.
• Present the video. The viewing time is 10 minutes for
the program and 5 minutes for the Video Quiz.
8
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
FOLLOW-UP DISCUSSION
Lead a class discussion using the following:
1. Why do most plants release so many seeds?
2. What are some reasons a seed might not sprout?
3. What happens to seeds that don't sprout?
BLACKLINE MASTER DESCRIPTIONS
This program contains nine blackline masters that can be
used to reinforce ideas and information presented in the
video. An Answer Key begins on page 10.
• Blackline Master 1, Pre-Test, can be used to determine
what students already know about topics covered in this
lesson.
• Blackline Master 2, Video Quiz, is to be used at the end
of the video program. At the completion of the video,
there is a short quiz. The narrator will read the questions
which are displayed on the screen. Students can use this
sheet to record their answers.
• Blackline Master 3, Foil on the Soil, is an experiment to
demonstrate the importance of roots to a plant's overall
well-being.
• Blackline Master 4, Needs, is an exercise to identify the
things necessary for photosynthesis and to identify the
role that roots, stems, leaves, and seed play in supporting the success of a plant.
• Blackline Master 5, Roots, Stems, and Leaves, is a activity for identifying the jobs roots, stems, and leaves perform for a plant.
• Blackline Master 6, Stages, is an experiment designed
to illustrate the stages of growth for a bean sprout.
9
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
• Blackline Master 7, Seed Germination, is an experiment
designed to examine the role of water in seed germination. You may wish to do this as an in-class project and
have only one set-up of three pots.
• Blackline Master 8, Strength of Seed Germination, is an
experiment designed to illustrate the strength of germinating seeds.
• Blackline Master 9 is the Post-Test, a tool to measure
student comprehension of the material presented in the
lesson.
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES
1. Bring in an assortment of fruits and cut them open to
collect the seeds. Plant the seeds and see how they
sprout. Have students keep records.
2. Soak some lima beans overnight and then wrap them
in damp paper toweling for five or six days. Bring them
to class and have students examine the seeds to identify
the germ and the cotyledons.
ANSWER KEY
Blackline Master 1, Pre-Test
1. The three main parts of a plant are the roots, stem, and
leaves.
2. Roots provide support and hold the plant up straight.
Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
3. Stems provide a plant's framework and support. The
stem holds the leaves up to the sunlight. The stem is the
pathway for water and minerals from the roots to get to
the leaves. Food from the leaves travels through the
stem to all parts of the plant.
4. The leaves are where the plant makes its food.
5. Seeds need warmth, water, air, and food from its
cotyledons to germinate.
6. Cotyledons are stored food that is used by the seed
when it germinates and begins to grow.
10
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
7. Photosynthesis is the food-making process plants use
to feed themselves. Photosythesis requires carbon dioxide, minerals, water, and sunlight.
8. In some plants, roots are used to store food.
9. Chlorophyll is the chemical that give plants their green
color and is essential for photosynthesis to take place.
10. Sunlight provides the energy necessary to carry on
photosynthesis.
Blackine Master 2, Video Quiz
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. Leaves are where photosynthesis takes place. Leaves
make the food for the plant.
5. Stems hold the leaves up towards the sun.
6. Seeds need warmth, water, air and food.
7. Roots provide support for the plant and keep it upright.
8. Sunlight provides the energy for photosynthesis.
9. Water
10. Carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, sunlight
Blackline Master 3, Foil on the Soil
The plant with watered roots should do fine. The other
two should wilt and suffer from lack of sufficient water.
Blackline Master 4, Needs
A. sunlight, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, minerals, water
B. root - supports the plant
seed - begins new plant
leaves - produce food for plant
stem - hold leaves up to the sun and provide pathway
from roots to the leaves and back again
Blackline Master 5, Roots, Stems, and Leaves
1. Roots - store food, hold plant in ground, move water
and minerals to different parts of plant, take in water,
take in minerals
2. Stems - store food, move water and minerals to different parts of the plant, support leaves
11
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
3. Leaves - store food, make food, release oxygen and
carbon dioxide into air
Blackline Master 6, Stages
Answers will vary.
Blackline Master 7, Seed Germination
No water and too much water will not allow a seed to germinate.
Blackline Master 8, Strength of Seed Germination
The seeds will soak up the water and expand, causing the
jar to break.
Blackline Master 9, Post-Test
1. Plants need carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and minerals.
2. The plant has started to grow and has broken through
the soil's surface.
3. It protects the germ and food inside.
4. The germ feeds on the material under the skin of the
seed. It makes up the bulk of the seed.
5. Green plants use sunlight in their food-making
process. The grean in a leaf is called chlorophyll. Sunlight
gives chlorophyll the energy it needs to change raw
materials into the food the plant needs.
6. chlorophyll
7. They need water and minerals from the soil. They need
carbon dioxide which animals and humans exhale. Plants
need sunlight to carry on their food-making process.
8. Roots hold the plant in place, collect water and minerals, and sometimes store food.
9. Stems carry water and minerals from the roots to the
leaves, give the leaves support, and store food.
10. Leaves make the food that the plant needs.
12
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
INTERNET REFERENCES
Here are some Internet addresses that may be helpful.
Don't forget to go to the AGC/United Learning site and
connect to the Debbie Greenthumb pages.
http://www.agcunitedlearning.com
http://www.letsgetgrowing.com
An online catalog of environmental science and nature
supplies.
http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/gpe/gpe.html
The Great Plant Escape
SCRIPT OF VIDEO NARRATION
HOW PLANTS GROW
Debbie has planted hundreds of seeds and watched them
grow. Today Debbie is going to try an experiment to see
how seeds grow. She will be using bean seeds from the
store. Debbie places the seeds in a jar with water
overnight. The next day, Debbie removes the soaked
beans from the jar and places them in damp paper toweling for five days.
Soon the beans have sprouted, or started to grow.
Debbie looks at the inside of the beans. She draws a picture of what she sees. Debbie's mom points to the different parts and explains what they do. The outer coating
had been tough but the water softened it up. This outer
coating is protection. Debbie's mom points to the germ,
which is the part of the seed which will grow into the new
plant. The two white areas that take up so much room in
the seed are called cotyledons. They are food for the
germ as it grows roots, a stem, and leaves.
Debbie's mom asks her what she thinks seeds need to
grow and develop. Debbie says that the bean seeds didn't begin to sprout until they were soaked in water.
13
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
Outside they get the water from rain. The seeds also
need warmth, which they can get from the spring sun
and the warm soil. The sprout needs air, which it can get
from the soil, but it doesn't need light. When a seed is
buried under the soil, it doesn't get any sunlight. The
sprout needs food, which it gets from the seed itself.
Remember, the two large cotyledons provide the food
until the plant is large enough to make its own food.
There are three main parts to most plants: roots, stems,
and leaves. The roots grow down into the soil. One important job roots perform is to anchor, or hold a plant in
place. The roots provide support and help a plant stand
up right. Sometimes winds can be so strong that they
blow down even huge trees. A storm with very damaging
winds blew through this community, uprooting many
trees. Roots also absorb, or take in, water and minerals
from the soil. The plant needs these things for food making. Roots are covered with tiny hairs which spread out
underground to absorb the water and minerals. Though
the main functions of roots are to anchor a plant in place
and absorb water and minerals, they also help in other
ways. In some plants, like carrots, turnips, and beets, the
roots store some of the food made in the leaves. Some
roots, such as this vine, produce roots that grab hold of
anything that will help them in their climb towards the
sun. The mesquite tree that grows in the dry desert lands
of America's southwest, has been found with roots that
have grown as deep as 175 feet in search of water.
The next important part of a plant is the stem. This part
serves as the framework of a plant. The stem supports
the leaves and holds them up where the sun can shine on
them. The stem also connects the roots with the leaves.
The stem is an important path for the water and minerals absorbed by the roots. Those materials need to get to
the leaves. Some of the food produced by the leaves
travels to other parts of the plant, including the roots.
14
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
The leaves serve the plant well, for it is within the leaves
that food for the plant is made. Plants are able to make
food. No other thing on earth can do that. The food making happens in the leaves. Stem and leaf poke upward
through the soil. When the white leaf pokes through the
soil and into the light, it turns green. The green in the
leaf is called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll helps the leaves
make food for the plant. The food is all gone from the
seed, so now it is time for the plant to make its own food.
This is how the plant makes food. It takes water and minerals from the soil into its roots and passes them up
through the stem to the leaves. The leaves have small
openings on their undersides. They take in carbon dioxide, which is a gas that animals and people breathe out.
The sunlight provides the energy that the chlorophyll
needs to change the water, minerals, and carbon dioxide
into the food the plant needs.
One important product from this food-making process is
a gas called oxygen. Plants don't need much oxygen, so
they release it through the holes on the underside of
their leaves. People and animals need the oxygen to live—
we breathe it into our lungs.
So plants need the carbon dioxide which animals exhale
to release from their bodies. Animals and people need
the oxygen that plants give off. Plants and animals need
each other.
Debbie and her mom set up another experiment. This
one will show that water can move upward in a plant
through the stem to the top of the plant. They put red
food coloring in this cup of water. Then they put the end
of this celery stalk in the cup. Celery is a stem. After
awhile, the red food coloring has moved up the celery
stalk. In the same way, water in the soil is soaked up by
the roots and moves up the stem into the leaves. Roots,
stems, and leaves all grow from the food made by the
plant.
15
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
One day, flowers appear on many different kinds of
plants like beans, apple trees, and other garden plants.
Bees and insects move from one flower to another collecting and spreading the pollen made by these parts of
the flower. When a bee or insect goes into a flower after
nectar, it rubs against the pollen and some of it sticks to
the insect's body. Then when the insects flies to another flower, some of the pollen rubs off onto this other part
of the flower. When the pollen lands here, it will grow a
tube down to where the eggs are. The pollen and egg join
to make a seed. This is called fertilization. After fertilization takes places, the flower slowly dies and falls away. A
fruit develops around the seeds. The fruit will provide
food for the new plants that might develop. So plants go
through a life cycle just like animals and humans. Many
plants live their lives in one year.
They begin as a seed. A sprout grows from the seed.
Roots, stems, and leaves develop. Blossoms appear. New
seeds develop for next years crop. The plant dies.
Most vegetables are annuals, living just one year. Beans,
tomatoes, sweet corn, and melons are all examples.
Some plants are biannuals that live two years. Carrots
are an example.
Trees of course live many years. In fact, some trees are
the oldest living things. Some trees are hollow. Bees build
hives and small animals sometimes live in these trees.
Eventually all trees and all plants die, but they have
spread their seeds so other new plants can grow. That's
how nature works.
16
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
Video Quiz
Multiple Choice:
1. The food making process that plants carry on is called
____________.
a. chlorophyll
b. photosynthesis
c. germination
d. cotyledons
2. The chemical that gives green plants their color and is
used with food making is called ___________.
a. chlorophyll
b. photosynthesis
c. germination
d. cotyledons
3. The food for a sprouting plant is stored in the seed's
______________.
a. chlorophyll
b. photosynthesis
c. germination
d. cotyledons
Short Answer:
4. How do leaves help a plant?
5. What is the job of stems for a plant?
6. What do seeds need to germinate, or start growing?
7. What job do roots perform for a plant?
8. Why is sunlight important to a green plant?
9. Root hairs absorb nutrients and ________________.
10. What does a plant need to make its food?
17
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
1
Name____________________________
HOW PLANTS GROW
Pre-Test
Directions: Answer the following questions as directed by your teacher. You may use the back of
this sheet to write your answers.
1. What are the three main parts of plants?
2. How do roots help a plant?
3. What is the job that stems perform?
4. How do leaves help a plant to grow?
5. What do seeds need to germinate, or start growing?
6. What are cotyledons?
7. What is the process of photosynthesis?
8. In some plants, such as carrots and beets, the roots do more than provide support. What else
do they do?
9. What is chlorophyll?
10. Why is sunlight important to a growing plant?
How Plants Grow (Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study)
©2000 Colgren Communications
Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
2
Name____________________________
HOW PLANTS GROW
Video Quiz
Directions: At the end of the video production is a short quiz. You may write the answers to
the quiz on this sheet.
Multiple Choice: Circle the correct word to fill in the blank.
1. The food making process that plants carry on is called ____________.
a. chlorophyll
b. photosynthesis
c. germination
d. cotyledons
2. The chemical that gives green plants their color and is used with food making is
called ___________.
a. chlorophyll
b. photosynthesis
c. germination
d. cotyledons
3. The food for a sprouting plant is stored in the seed's ______________.
a. chlorophyll
b. photosynthesis
c. germination
d. cotyledons
Short Answer: Write a short answer for each question.
4. How do leaves help a plant?
5. What is the job of stems for a plant?
6. What do seeds need to germinate, or start growing?
7. What job do roots perform for a plant?
8. Why is sunlight important to a green plant?
9. Root hairs absorb nutrients and ________________.
10. What does a plant need to make its food?
How Plants Grow (Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study)
©2000 Colgren Communications
Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
3
Name____________________________
HOW PLANTS GROW
Foil on the Soil
PURPOSE: To illustrate the role roots play in supplying a plant with needed water.
MATERIALS:
1. three impatients plants in separate pots
2. aluminum foil
3. water
PROCEDURES: 1. For three or four days, do not water the plants.
2. One plant will have its soil watered, one will have water given only to its
leaves, and the third plant will have water given only to its stem.
3. Be sure to cover the soil with the aluminum foil when
watering the leaves or stem of those two plants.
4. To water only the stem, hold the plant sideways in a stream of water.
5. Let the plants sit for a couple of hours but leave the foil over the
soil of the two that are not to have the roots receive water.
OBSERVATIONS:
Compare the conditions of all three plants. Write down your observations here:
Watered roots-
Watered stem-
Watered leaves-
CONCLUSIONS:
How do you explain these results?
How Plants Grow (Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study)
©2000 Colgren Communications
Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
4
Name____________________________
HOW PLANTS GROW
Needs
A. Directions: Circle the things in the box that a plant needs to make its food.
spoon
sunlight
oxygen
carbon dioxide
chlorophyll
petroleum
minerals
water
cotyledons
B. Directions: Tell what each of these plant parts does for the plant.
Root ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Seed ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Leaves __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Stem ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
How Plants Grow (Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study)
©2000 Colgren Communications
Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
5
Name____________________________
HOW PLANTS GROW
Roots, Stems, and Leaves
Plants have three main parts. Each part plays an important role in the plant's growth and development.
Directions: Match the jobs listed at the bottom of this page with the plant parts numbered 1, 2, and 3
in the chart below. Some jobs can be used more than once.
1. ROOTS
2. STEMS
3. LEAVES
JOBS
Store food
make food
hold plant in ground
move water and minerals to different parts of plant
support leaves
take in water
take in minerals
release oxygen and carbon dioxide into the air
How Plants Grow (Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study)
©2000 Colgren Communications
Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
6
Name____________________________
HOW PLANTS GROW
Stages
PURPOSE:
To show the stages of growth as a bean plant sprouts.
MATERIALS:
1. beans
2. water
3. paper towels
PROCEDURES:
1. Soak the bean seeds in a cup of water overnight.
2. Place them in paper towels that have been soaked with water.
3. Keep them in the wet paper towel for five days.
4. Observe them closely each day.
OBSERVATIONS: Draw what the seeds look like each day.
Day 1
Day 3
Day 2
Day 4
Day 5
How Plants Grow (Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study)
©2000 Colgren Communications
Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
7
Name____________________________
HOW PLANTS GROW
Seed Germination
PURPOSE: To discover how water affects the germination of seeds.
MATERIALS:
1. lima beans
2. potting soil
3. magnifying lens
4. three jars
5. water
PROCEDURE:
1. Fill each of the three jars with potting soil. Leave some space at the top of
each jar. Number the jars 1, 2, 3.
2. Plant 4 lima beans in each jar. Place them about one-half inch down into the
soill, cover with soil. Place them close to the side of the jar so you can make
observations.
3. Keep the jars in a warm place.
4. In jar number 1, keep the level of water always above the surface of the soil.
This jar’s soil and beans are always soaked.
5. In jar number 2, add just enough water each day so that the soil is damp.
6. Jar number 3 will receive no water.
OBSERVATIONS: Keep a record of what you see happening in each jar for the next week or two.
CONCLUSIONS:
What can you tell about a seed's need for water?
How Plants Grow (Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study)
©2000 Colgren Communications
Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
8
Name____________________________
HOW PLANTS GROW
Strength of Seed Germination
PURPOSE: To demonstrate the strength of germinating (sprouting) seeds.
MATERIALS:
1. enough bean seeds to fill a jar
2. a jar with a screw-on lid
3. water
4. gallon-sized plastic bag with tie or ziplock
PROCEDURES: 1. Fill the jar to the very top with seeds. Really pack them in.
2. Pour water into the jar till it overflows.
3. Put the jar lid on and tighten it into place.
4. Place the jar into the gallon-sized plastic bag. Seal the plastic bag with
a tie or ziplock it.
5. Place the entire set-up in a warm spot and look at it over the
next couple of days.
OBSERVATIONS: What happened to the seeds in the jar? What happened to the jar?
CONCLUSIONS: How can you explain any change in the appearance of the jar and seeds?
How Plants Grow (Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study)
©2000 Colgren Communications
Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]
9
Name____________________________
HOW PLANTS GROW
Post-Test
Directions: Answer the following questions in the space provided.
1. What four things do plants need to grow strong and healthy?
2. What do we mean when we say a plant “sprouts”?
3. Why is the skin, or outer coating, of a seed important?
4. The germ, or seed, is the part that grows into a plant. On what does the germ feed?
5. Why is sunlight important to a growing green plant?
6. What do we call the green in a leaf?
7. Green plants produce, or make, their own food. What do they need and where do they get it?
8. How do roots help a plant?
9. What job do stems do for a plant?
10. How are leaves important to a plant?
How Plants Grow (Debbie Greenthumb Unit of Study)
©2000 Colgren Communications
Published and Distributed by AGC/United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution
AGC/United Learning 1560 Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 1-800-323-9084 Fax 847-328-6706
www.agcunitedlearning.com e-mail: [email protected]