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Download Terms you should know: parasite trophozoite cyst amoeba hepatitis
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0LFURELRORJ ,QWHVWLQD %L 3DUDVLWH DQ +HSDWLWLV Terms you should know: parasite trophozoite cyst amoeba hepatitis helminths Entamoeba histolytica Description: Single-celled protist (amoeba), exists as trophozoites and cysts Diseases: Amoebic dysentery, can spread to liver Virulence factors: Kills intestinal cells Treatment: Iodoquinol (kills cells in intestines), Chloroquine (kills cells in tissues) Reservoir and spread: Cysts persist in environment; spread by fecal-oral route Giardia lamblia Description: Single-celled protist, moves by flagella, exists as trophozoites and cysts Diseases: Giardiasis Virulence factors: Curved underside serves as a “suction cup” to attach to intestine Treatment: Quinacrine, metronidazole (multiple doses) Reservoir and spread: Animal reservoir, fecal-oral spread (cysts persist in water) Low infectious dose (1-10 cysts) Hookworms and Threadworms Description: Small worms; adults have a hooked plate for attachment Diseases: Can cause anemia if many adults are present Treatment: Mebendazole Life cycle and spread: Eggs hatch in soil; larvae climb grass stalks and burrow through bare skin Move through blood to lungs, coughed up and swallowed Adults mature and lay eggs in intestine Threadworm eggs can hatch in intestine for immediate reinfection Hepatitis A virus (HAV) Description: Small, naked virus with single-stranded RNA genome Diseases: Hepatitis A (symptoms appear in about 25 days); usually no complications Treatment: None; vaccine approved in 1995, recommended for travel to risk areas Reservoir and spread: Human virus; fecal-oral spread Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Description: Enveloped virus with DNA genome Diseases: Hepatitis B (symptoms in 10-12 weeks) 10% of patients get chronic infection; leading cause of liver cancer Treatment: None; vaccine in use but expensive Reservoir and spread: Humans; spread by sexual or blood-blood contact; low infectious dose