Download THE CELL - STEM_BIO11/12-1a-c-1 (Cell theory and Prokaryotic

THE CELL - STEM_BIO11/12-1a-c-1 (Cell
theory and Prokaryotic cell vs Eukaryotic Cell)
by CHED on June 16, 2017
lesson duration of 0 minutes
under General Biology 1
generated on June 16, 2017 at 09:20 am
Tags: The Cell
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K-12 Teacher's Resource Community
Generated: Jun 16,2017 05:20 PM
THE CELL - STEM_BIO11/12-1a-c-1 (Cell theory and Prokaryotic cell vs
Eukaryotic Cell) ( 2 hours )
Written By: CHED on June 26, 2016
Subjects: General Biology 1
Tags: The Cell
Resources
Cell Theory
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiy_fFxyB54
Biology 10th Ed
Mader, Sylvia S.2011.Biology 10th Ed. Mac Graw Hill Education, USA
The World of the Cell
Becker, Wayne M, Lewis J. Kleinsmith, and Jeff hardin. 2000, The World of the Cell, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
USA
Campbell Biology, 10th Ed
Reece, Jane B. et al, 2013. Campbell Biology, 10th Ed. Pearson Education, Inc. United States of America.
Biology 6th Ed
Raven, Peter and George Johnson 2001. Biology 6th Ed. The McGraw Hill Company,USA
Scientists who contributed to the cell theory flash cards
https://quizlet.com/16981601/scientists-who-contributed-to-the-cell-theory-flash-cards/
Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. Cell Theory
2. Cell Structure and Functions
3. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
4. Cell Types
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5. Cell Modifications
6. Cell Cycle
a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis
7. Transport Mechanisms
a. Simple Diffusion
b. Facilitated Transport
c. Active Transport
d. Bulk/Vesicular Transport
Performance Standard
The learners shall be able to:
1. construct a 3D model of a plant/animal/ bacterial cell using recyclable materials
2. construct a cell membrane model from indigenous or recyclable materials
Learning Competencies
The learners explain the postulates of the cell theory
Introduction 10 mins
1. Introduce the Levels of Biological organization. Ask questions about the structural differences/components
of the various levels and also the basic structural and functional unit of life.
Concept:
Organism –highly organized form of living nature. This term first appeared in French dictionary (1729) and the stated
meaning is an ensemble of organs that constitutes a living thing.
1. Organization
One of the most distinctive features of life is that, it is highly organized into a hierarchy of structural levels. Each level is
made of components of lower level and itself becomes a component of higher level. The study of life extends from the
entire planet earth to the microscopic units of cells and molecules.
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1. biosphere –consists of all the environments on earth that support life-most regions of land, bodies of
water and the lower atmosphere
2. ecosystem- consists of all the organisms living in a particular area and the non- living, physical
components of the environment with which the organisms interact(ex. air, soil, water, sunlight).
3. community – entire array of organisms inhabiting an ecosystem (ex. coastal/marine ecosystem-fish,
insects, mollusks, worms, many different kinds of plants, fungi, and microscopic organisms such as
protists, algae and bacteria.
4. population – interacting group of individuals of one species
5. organism – an individual living thing
6. organ system – consists of several organs that work together in performing a specific function(s)
7. organ – made-up of several tissues, each with specific function and made-up of similar cells
8. tissue – made-up of cells with similar structure and function(s)
9. cell – unit of living matter separated from its environment by a boundary called a membrane or wall
10. organelle – a structure that performs a specific function in a cell
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11. molecule – a cluster of atoms held together by chemical bonds (ex. DNA, protein, glucose, amino
acid)
Motivation 10 mins
Ask the learners how the cell was discovered. Show some pictures/flashcards of important personalities and let them
identify.
Instruction/Delivery 50 mins
Lecture-Discussion (using powerpoint presentation/diagram in a manila paper) or summary of the answers of the
learners.
1. Description of a cell.
2. Scientists contributory to the development of the Cell Theory
3. The Cell Theory
4. Properties of a Cell
Concept:
The cell is the smallest unit of life able to control its own activities, but it relies on the rest of the organism (if
multicellular) or the surroundings (if unicellular) to provide it with raw materials like nutrients and removal of metabolic
wastes
A. Important Events in the Discovery of Cells
1. 1665-Robert Hooke
-physicist and botanist; looks at cork under the microscope; calls the chambers he
Hooke-physicist
observed as “cell” (Latin word cellulae-meaning
cellulae-meaning small room)
1. Appeared in Micrographia
2. 1667- Anton van Leeuwenhook,
Leeuwenhook, the person incorrectly given the credit for the invention of the microscope
giving way to the study of cells, He was given the credit as the inventor of the microscope; Father Of
Bacteriology And Protozoology
3. Robert BrownBrown- identified the nucleus in cells
4. 1805 Lorenz Oken – first speculated that cells are the fundamental units of life
5. 1830 Matthias Scleiden and Theodor Schwann –German scientists summarize the findings of many
scientists and conclude that all living organisms are made of cells. This forms the basis of the Cell Theory Of
Biology( central unifying theory for biology)
6. 1858 Rudolf Virchow-also
Virchow-also a German scientist who states that except for the origin for of life all “cells arise
(thru cell division) from pre-existing cells”
B. The Cell Theory Of Biology
Cells are the basic units of life
All organisms are constructed of cells. Every living organism on earth is at least a single cell or a population
of cells
Except for the origin of life itself, all cells arise from pre-existing cells. Cells arise only by division of living
cells, never by aggregation of cell parts and cell chemicals
Cells of multicellular organisms are sometimes interconnected, enabling the resultant populations to function
as single units
Cells of multicellular animals must stick to solid surfaces to divide, move, assume specialized shapes and
carry the necessary functions of life
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A. Properties of Cells
1. Cells are complex and highly organized
1. They contain numerous internal structures
2. xSome are membrane bound (ex, organelles) while others do not
2. Cells contain genetic blueprint and machinery to use it
1. Genes are instructions for cells to create specific proteins
2. All cells use the same type of information
3. The genetic code is universal
4. The machinery used for synthesis is interchangeable
5. However, for this to function properly, the information must be error free ( errors are called
mutations)
mutations)
3. Cells arise from the division of other cells
1. Daughter cells inherit the genes from the mother cells
2. Bacteria multiply by binary fission
3. Eukaryotic cells divide thru mitosis where the genetic complements of each daughter cell is
identical to the other and to the mother cell. This is asexual reproduction
4. Reproductive cells or gametes divide thru meiosis where the genetic complement of each daughter
cell is reduced by half and each daughter cell is genetically unique. This is used in sexual
reproduction
4. Cells acquire and utilize energy
1. Plant cells undergo photosynthesis; convert light energy and CO2 to chemical energy (ATP and
glucose)
2. Most cells respire
3. Release energy found in organic compounds
4. Convert organic compounds to CO2 and O2
5. Make ATP
6. Cells can perform a variety of chemical reactions
7. Transform simple organic molecules into complex molecules (anabolism
(anabolism))
8. Breakdown complex molecules to release energy (catabolism
(catabolism))
9. Undergo metabolism (all reactions performed by cells)
5. Cells can engage in mechanical activities
1. Cells can move
2. Organelles can move
3. Cells can respond to stimuli
4. Chemotaxis –movement towards chemicals
5. Phototaxis – movement towards light
6. Hormone responses
7. Touch responses
6. Cells can regulate activities
1. Cells control DNA synthesis and cell division
2. Gene regulation –cells make specific proteins only when needed
3. Turn on and off metabolic pathways
7. Cells contain the following structures
1. Plasma membrane – separates the cell from the external environment
2. Cytoplasm-fluid-filled cell interior
3. Nuclear material –genetic information stored as DNA
8. Most cells are small, about 5 to 20 micrometers (0.00019 to 0.00076 in) in length
1. The smallest cell of the microorganisms, Mycoplasma are 0.2 micrometer (0.0000076 in) but some
giant cells are several centimeters long
9. All cells are of composed of similar chemicals and carry out the same biochemical processes
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Practice 20 mins
Buzz Session.
Require the learners in groups to construct a concept map about the concept of a cell based on its properties and the
postulates of the cell theory. Allow them to explain their output after.
Sample Student Concept map:
Require the learners to give other cellular activities of the cell that fits to the mentioned cell properties.
Enrichment 20 mins
Identify five scientists involved in developing the cell theory by researching five scientists and demonstrate this
knowledge by completing a concept map on a paper or on http://bubbl.us.
http://bubbl.us.
Given the postulates of the cell theory and properties of the cell, provide evidences/examples on the manifestation of
cell’s properties to the life of an organism.
Ex. Cells arise from the division of other cells. ---- growth and development of an
organism
Cells acquire and utilize energy
Plant cells undergo photosynthesis; convert light energy and CO2 to chemical energy (ATP and glucose)
Most cells respire
Release energy found in organic compounds
Convert organic compounds to CO2 and O2
Make ATP
Cells can perform a variety of chemical reactions
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Transform simple organic molecules into complex molecules (anabolism
(anabolism))
Breakdown complex molecules to release energy (catabolism
(catabolism))
Undergo metabolism (all reactions performed by cells)
Cells can engage in mechanical activities
Cells can move
Organelles can move
Cells can respond to stimuli
Chemotaxis –movement towards chemicals
Phototaxis – movement towards light
Hormone responses
Touch responses
Evaluation 10 mins
Self-Assessment Checklist:
Ask the learners to explain each of the postulates of the cell theory.
Download Teaching Guide Book 0 mins
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