Download Cell Structure and Function Student Notes

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryotic cells: Pro- “_______”, Karyot“Center or _______”
• Very Basic Cells with no
_________________organelles.
• DNA is not separate from the rest of the Cell
(no _______)
• _________ cells
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Eukaryotic cells: Eu –”_____”,
Karyot –”________”
• ___________ unicellular organisms and all
multicellular organisms.
• Cells that contain membrane bound
__________.
• The DNA is separated from the rest of the cell
by a nucleus.
• Much ______ than Prokaryotic cells.
Why are cells so small?
As the ______ of a cell __________, its volume
increases by the ________ of the side, whereas
the surface area only increases by the _______ of
the side.
Therefore, as the cell size increases the surface
area to volume ratio decreases.
There is less surface area per unit of volume in a
larger cube.
Importance of Surface Area
Many substances have to be transported in or
out of the cell and reach all parts of the cell.
For example, food molecules and oxygen have
to be transported into the cell. Waste materials
such as carbon dioxide have to be removed
from the cell.
The cell needs to have an adequate amount of
_____________per unit of volume to support
the ________ of the cell.
The Cell: Structure and Function
Organelle
• _________________of cells
• A structure inside a cell that has a
specialized function.
• They are the _____________ of a Cell
• Example: Nucleus, chloroplasts, etc.
The Cell Membrane
• Found in both ______
and ________ cells
• Function:
–
–
• ____________: Only
certain molecules can
pass through
Cell walls
• Made of __________
in Plants
• Made of _________
in Fungus
• _________ and Some
_________ have cell
Walls
• Provides support and
structure
Cytoplasm and Nucleus
• Cytoplasm: Fluid that __________ the organelles and
fills the cell
• Function: _________________________________.
• Nucleus: The Cell’s ____________. Contains the
DNA of the cell
• Function: Control the _______ of the cell and
stores genetic information.
• DNA/Genes: Provide _________ for the
production of _________.
(One gene provides the instructions for
making _______________ )
Found in the Nucleus
• Chromatin: Structure of
DNA found in the nucleus.
Slightly ____________
Chromosome: tightly coiled
DNA. Forms right before
_________________
• DNA/Genes: The genetic
message used to make
_______.
Also Found in the Nucleus
• Nucleolus: Where
ribosomes are made.
• Stores _______ to
manufacture ___________
mRNA- Messenger RNA.
_______ and _______
the instructions for making
______ from the ____ to
the _________.
Ribosomes
• Makes the _______________
• One of the few organelles also found in
___________________________
• Not a ________________________ organelle.
Mitochondria
• The -_____________
of the cell.
• ___________ occurs
here: Biomolecules
(esp. ___________)
broken down into CO2
and water to produce
energy
• Present in all
Eukaryotic Cells
Chloroplasts
• Found in _________ Cells and some ________
• The site where __________________ occurs:
Producing _____ from CO2, Water, and Sunlight.
• Contain Green Pigment called _____________
• 2 Parts: ___________________ & ________________
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER:
_________ on
the surface.
-________
Proteins
Smooth ER:
Produces and
Transports _____
Golgi Bodies
• Flattened
membrane
sacs
• Packages,
modifies, and
______________
______________
______________
______________
Vacuole
• Vacuole: Storage in the cell. Plants cells have
_____________________. Animal Cells’ are _________
• Vesicle: Small Vacuole that contains ___________. In
both Plants and Animals
Vacuole
Lysosomes
• Suicide Sacs
• Used to __________________________.
• When the cell gets worn out the lysosymes
will __________ and digest the whole cell.
– This process is called _______________.
Cytoskeleton
• Function: Maintains
cell _______ and
“_______________”
within the cell. Done
By…
– Microtubules
– Microskeleton
Movement: Microtubules
• Cilia: Short and
numerous _________
structures that move
a cell
– Ex. _____________
• Flagella: A long
__________ structure
used to propel the cell
– Ex. ____________
Level of organization
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cell: The Basic __________________
Tissue: A collection of _______ that work together for a
________________.
Organ: Two or more ________ acting together. (__________)
Organ System: A group of ________ that work together in a
system. (______________________)
List Three differences between
Plant and Animal Cells:
1.
2.
3.
Label Me and describe my function.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Applying the Concepts
Some cells have a large number of
mitochondria.
What type of cell might it be and why?