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Present Tense Regular Verbs AR ER IR ______________________________________________ StemChanging Verbs 1. All of these verbs are stemchanging in the present tense. 2. Only IR verbs are stemchanging in the preterite tense, in their 3rd person singular and plural forms only. almorzar: to lunch dormir: to sleep morir: to die poder: to be able to probar: to taste/ try volver: to return comenzar : to start jugar: to play empezar : to start preferir: to prefer pensar: to think/ plan querer: to want sentirse: to feel pedir: to ask for servir : to serve ___________________________________ GoVerbs (Irregular yo form only) salir: to leave/go out poner: to put hacer: to do/make traer: to bring tener: to have caerse: to fall decir: to say venir: to come seguir: to continue oír: to hear Irregular Present Tense Verbs ser estar dar ir saber conocer *in the preterite, conocer means:______________ ______________________________________________ Reflexive Verbs: Used when the subject acts upon itself ● Reflexive pronouns go in front of conjugated verbs (pa st or present). ● They can go before or after infinitives or gerunds. ● They go after affirmative commands and before negative commands. levantarse: to get up despertarse (stemchanging): to wake up ponerse: to put on/to become acostarse: to lay down sentarse: to sit down dormirse: to sleep peinarse: to brush one’s hair vestirse: to dress divertirse: to have fun sentirse: to feel (emotions) Idioms with Tener tener prisa to be in a hurry tener hambre to be hungry tener calor to be hot tener suerte to be lucky tener frío to be cold tener... años to be . . . years old tener sed to be thirsty tener que + inf. to have to tener sueño to be sleepy tener ganas de + inf. to feel like Present Progressive Tense To say what is happening right now, use the present progressive . To form it: ● Use the right form of estar FOLLOWED BY the present participle . ● Present participles end in: ANDO (ar verbs) or IENDO (er/ir verb) IR + A + Infinitivo ● Used to say what someone is going to do. Hoy vienen mis hermanos. Van a limpiar el garaje. My brothers are coming today. They′re going to clean the garage. Direct Object Pronouns me nos te X lo/la los/las 1. Replace nouns already mentioned to avoid repetition. 2. Go BEFORE conjugated verbs. Lo hago todos los días (I do it every day). _____________________________________________ 3. Go BEFORE OR AFTER infinitives and gerunds. Las quiero comprar (I want to buy them). ______________________________________________ Quiero comprarlas (I want to buy them). _______________________________________________ La estoy escribiendo (I’m writing it). _______________________________________________ Estoy escribiéndola (I’m writing it. 4. Go AFTER affirmative commands (formal or informal). Cómprala (Buy it). _________________________________________________ 5. Go BEFORE negative commands (formal or informal). No la compres (Don’t buy it). _________________________________________________ Indirect Object Pronouns . 1. The indirect object is the person who receives the direct object or the person who benefits from the action of the verb. Use the preposition a before an indirect object. 2. An indirect object pronoun stands for an indirect object noun. It can take the place of the indirect object noun or be used together with it. 3. Indirect object pronouns follow the same placement rules as reflexive and direct object pronouns. me nos te X le les Enséña me la oficina de tu madre. Show me your mom‘s office. 4 . Indirect objects are often used with verbs for giving or telling something to someone (dar and decir) Rosa le da el correo a Lola . Rosa gives Lola the mail. 5. Unlike in English, you MUST have an indirect object pronoun if there is an indirect object in a sentence. ____________________________________ Affirmative Informal Commands 1. For regular verbs, end in an A (ar verbs) or an E (er/ir verbs) 2. Irregulars ven di sal haz ten ve pon sé ___________________________________ Negative Informal Commands 1. For regular verbs, end in ES (ar verbs) or AS (er/ir verbs) 2. Irregulars, etc. Go Verbs no traigas StemChanging no duermas Car/Gar/Zar no empieces Irregular no seas no estés no des no vayas no sepas ___________________________________ Formal (Usted Form) Commands Negative an Affirmative are the same 2. For regular verbs, end in E (ar verbs) or A (er/ir verbs) 3. Irregulars, etc. 4. 1. Go Verbs no traiga StemChanging no duerma Car/Gar/Zar no empiece Irregular no sea no vaya no esté no sespa no dé ___________________________________ Plural Commands 1. Same as formal commands, but end in N 2. Used when giving more than one person directions (ustedes) ___________________________________ Preterite Tense 1. Used to talk about COMPLETED actions or events that happened in the past 2. Accents in yo form and él/ella/usted form Regular AR Verbs Regular ER/IR Verbs Car/Gar/Zar Verbs StemChanging IR Verbs Y Verbs (construir, destruir, leer) Irregular Preterite Tense Verbs 1. No accents on any forms ir/ser estar hacer dar dec tener andar venir ver poner/ponerse poder __________________________________________________________ Past Participles ● Used as adjectives ● End in ado (AR verbs) and ido (ER/IR verbs) burned: wounded: bandaged: twisted: swollen: infected: cut: broken (irreg): open (irreg): The Passive Se ● Used when the subject is unclear or unimportant ● Formed with: 1. The pronoun “se” in front 2. The 3rd person singular (when the object is singular) or plural (when the object is plural) Se habla espa ñol en la oficina. Spanish is spoken in the office. Se cortan las papas en pedazos. The potatoes are cut in pieces. ___________________________________ *Vocabulary (Chapters 14) Adjectives, houses/chores, towns/cities, sports/the body *Writing Write a paragraph about what you did last weekend in the preterite tense. *Listening Listen to an interview with a Spanish speaker and answer questios about it.