Download StemChanging Verbs

Present Tense Regular Verbs AR
ER
IR ______________________________________________ Stem­Changing Verbs 1. All of these verbs are stem­changing in the present tense. 2. Only IR verbs are stem­changing in the preterite tense, in their 3rd person singular and plural forms only. almorzar:​
to lunch dormir: ​
to sleep morir:​
to die poder:​
to be able to probar:​
to taste/ try volver:​
to return comenzar​
: to start jugar:​
to play empezar​
: to start preferir:​
to prefer pensar: ​
to think/ plan querer:​
to want sentirse: ​
to feel pedir:​
to ask for servir​
: to serve ___________________________________ Go­Verbs (Irregular yo form only) salir: ​
to leave/go out poner: ​
to put hacer: ​
to do/make traer: ​
to bring tener: ​
to have caerse: ​
to fall decir: ​
to say venir: ​
to come seguir: to continue oír: to hear Irregular Present Tense Verbs ser estar dar ir saber conocer *in the preterite, conocer means:______________ ______________________________________________ Reflexive Verbs: Used when the subject acts upon itself ● Reflexive pronouns go in front of conjugated verbs (pa​
st or present). ● They can go before or after infinitives or gerunds. ● They go after affirmative commands and before negative commands. levantarse: ​
to get up despertarse (stem­changing): ​
to wake up ponerse: ​
to put on/to become acostarse: ​
to lay down sentarse: ​
to sit down dormirse: ​
to sleep peinarse: ​
to brush one’s hair vestirse: ​
to dress divertirse: ​
to have fun sentirse: ​
to feel (emotions) Idioms with Tener tener prisa to be in a hurry tener hambre to be hungry tener calor to be hot tener suerte to be lucky tener frío to be cold tener... años to be . . . years old tener sed to be thirsty tener que​
+ ​
inf. to have to tener sueño to be sleepy tener ganas de​
+ ​
inf. to feel like Present Progressive Tense To say what is happening right now, use the ​
present progressive​
. To form it: ●
Use the right form of ​
estar​
FOLLOWED BY the ​
present​
​
participle​
. ●
Present participles end in: ANDO (­ar verbs) or IENDO (­er/­ir verb) IR + A + Infinitivo ● Used to say what someone is going to do. Hoy ​
vienen​
mis hermanos. ​
Van a limpiar​
el garaje. My brothers are coming today. They′re going to clean the garage. Direct Object Pronouns me nos te X lo/la los/las 1. Replace nouns already mentioned to avoid repetition. 2. Go BEFORE conjugated verbs. Lo hago todos los días ​
(I do it every day). _____________________________________________ 3. Go BEFORE OR AFTER infinitives and gerunds. Las quiero comprar ​
(I want to buy them). ______________________________________________ Quiero comprarlas ​
(I want to buy them). _______________________________________________ ​
La estoy escribiendo ​
(I’m writing it). _______________________________________________ Estoy escribiéndola ​
(I’m writing it. 4. Go AFTER affirmative commands (formal or informal). Cómprala ​
(Buy it). _________________________________________________ 5. Go BEFORE negative commands (formal or informal). No la compres​
(Don’t buy it). _________________________________________________ Indirect Object Pronouns . 1.
The ​
indirect object​
is the person who ​
receives​
​
the​
​
direct object​
or the person who benefits​
from the action of the verb. Use the preposition ​
a ​
before an indirect object. 2. An ​
indirect object pronoun​
stands for an indirect object noun. It can take the place of the indirect object noun or be used together with it. 3. Indirect object pronouns​
follow the same placement rules as reflexive and direct object pronouns. me nos te X le les Enséña​
me​
la oficina de tu madre. ​
Show me your mom‘s office. 4
. Indirect objects​
are often used with verbs for ​
giving​
or ​
telling ​
something​
to someone​
(dar and decir) Rosa ​
le​
da ​
el correo​
a ​
Lola​
. ​
Rosa gives Lola the mail. 5. Unlike in English, you MUST have an indirect object pronoun if there is an indirect object in a sentence. ____________________________________ Affirmative Informal Commands 1. For regular verbs, end in an A (­ar verbs) or an E (­er/­ir verbs) 2. Irregulars ven di sal haz ten ve pon sé ___________________________________ Negative Informal Commands 1. For regular verbs, end in ES (­ar verbs) or AS (er/ir verbs) 2. Irregulars, etc. Go Verbs no traigas Stem­Changing no duermas Car/Gar/Zar no empieces Irregular no seas no estés no des no vayas no sepas ___________________________________ Formal (Usted Form) Commands Negative an Affirmative are the same 2. For regular verbs, end in E (­ar verbs) or A (er/ir verbs) 3. Irregulars, etc. 4. 1.
Go Verbs no traiga Stem­Changing no duerma Car/Gar/Zar no empiece Irregular no sea no vaya no esté no sespa no dé ___________________________________ Plural Commands 1. Same as formal commands, but end in N 2. Used when giving more than one person directions (ustedes) ___________________________________ Preterite Tense 1. Used to talk about COMPLETED actions or events that happened in the past 2. Accents in yo form and él/ella/usted form Regular AR Verbs
Regular ER/IR Verbs Car/Gar/Zar Verbs
Stem­Changing IR Verbs Y Verbs (construir, destruir, leer) Irregular Preterite Tense Verbs 1. No accents on any forms ir/ser estar hacer dar dec tener andar venir ver poner/ponerse poder __________________________________________________________ Past Participles ● Used as adjectives ● End in ­ado (AR verbs) and ­ido (ER/IR verbs) burned:
wounded:
bandaged:
twisted:
swollen: infected:
cut: broken (irreg):
open (irreg): The Passive Se ● Used when the subject is unclear or unimportant ● Formed with: 1. The pronoun “se” in front 2. The 3rd person singular (when the object is singular) or plural (when the object is plural) Se habla espa​
ñol en la oficina. Spanish is spoken in the office. Se cortan las papas en pedazos. The potatoes are cut in pieces. ___________________________________ *Vocabulary (Chapters 1­4) Adjectives, houses/chores, towns/cities, sports/the body *Writing Write a paragraph about what you did last weekend in the preterite tense. *Listening Listen to an interview with a Spanish speaker and answer questios about it.