Download Dreams and Hypnosis

Sleep
Dreams
Hypnosis
SLEEP DISORDERS
INSOMNIA
• 1 IN 10 ADULTS RECURRING
PROBLEMS IN FALLING OR
STAYING ASLEEP
• EXERCISE, AVOID CAFFEINE, AND
HAVE REGULATED SLEEP Helps
prevent insomnia
NARCOLEPSY
• A SLEEP DISORDER
CHARACTERIZED BY
UNCONTROLLABLE SLEEP ATACKS
• MAY LAPSE Directly INTO REM
SLEEP lasting 5 to 10 minutes
• 1 IN 2000
SLEEP APNEA
• THIS IS WHEN BREATHING STOPS
DURING SLEEP
• 1 IN 20
• APNEA MEANS NO BREATH
• A Person WAKES But THEY DON’T
KNOW THEY’RE DOING IT,
• CAN BE CONNECTED TO OBESITY.
NIGHT TERRORS
• MOSTLY IN CHILDREN
• THEY SELDOM WAKE UP FULLY
DURING AN EPISODE AND
RECALL LITTLE
• MOST HAVE A FRIGHTENING
IMAGE
SLEEP WALKING
• IS A STAGE 4 SLEEP DISORDER
• THE LONGER YOUR ASLEEP IN
STAGE 4 THE MORE LIKELY TO
SLEEP WALK
• EVENTUALLY ENDS FROM
DECREASE IN STAGE 4
We Dream To Satisfy our own
wishes
• Dreams provide a “psychic safety valve” –
expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings;
contain manifest (remembered) content and a
deeper layer of latent content (hidden message).
• Freud considered dreams the key to
understanding our inner conflict
• Some contend that even if dreams are symbolic,
they could be interpreted any way one wished.
We Dream To File Away
Memories
• Information- Processing
• Dreams help us sore out the day’s events and
consolidate our memories
• There is a link between REM Sleep and
memory
We Dream To Develop and
Preserve
Neural Pathways
• Physiological Function
• Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may
help develop and preserve neural pathways
• Makes developmental sense
We Dream to To Make Sense of
Neural Static
• Activation- Synthesis
• REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes
random visual memories, which our sleeping
brain weaves into stories.
• Damage to the limbic system (emotional tone
to visual bursts) and the visual centers (frontal
lobe) will impair dreaming
We DreamTo Reflect Cognitive
Development
• Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive
development-their knowledge and
understanding
• Dreams are a part of brain maturation and
cognitive development
REM Rebound
• Tendency for REM sleep to increase following
REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated
awakenings during REM sleep)
• Biological and psychological explanations of
behavior are partners not competitors
What is Hypnosis
• Hypnosis- a social
interaction in which
they hypnotist suggests
to a subject that certain
perceptions, feelings,
thoughts, or behaviors
will spontaneously
occur.
Can anyone experience hypnosis?
• Everyone is open to suggestions but how
much suggestion determines how
“hypnotizable” someone is.
• People that are more imaginative, more likely
to get lost in movies or other forms of fiction
are more hypnotizable.
• About 20% of all people are highly
hypnotizable
Can hypnosis enhance recall of
forgotten events?
• Most of the research preformed in the last
sixty years suggests that the ability to recover
childhood memories is false.
• Hypnotically refreshed memories are guided
by the hypnotist and then the subject
combines fact and fiction
Can hypnosis force people to act
against their will?
• NO
Can Hypnosis be Therapeutic?
• It has helped with headaches, asthma, stressrelated skin disorders, and obesity.
• Drug, alcohol, and smoking addictions do not
respond.
Posthypnotic Suggestions
A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session,
to be carried out after the subject is no longer
hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help
control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
Hypnosis as a Social Phenomenon
• Some researches believe that hypnotic phenomena
reflect the workings of normal consciousness and the
power of social influence
• The more someone likes or trusts the hypnotist, the
more they allow that person to direct their attention
• Advocates of the social influence theory contend
that hypnotic phenomena are an extension of
everyday social behavior not hypnosis.
Hypnosis as Divided Consciousness
• Distinctive brain activity accompanies
hypnosis.
• Many believe hypnosis involves not only social
influence but also a dissociation- a split
between different levels of consciousness
• Selective attention may also cause hypnosis
Social Phenomenon or
Divided Consciousness?
• Belief that there are no contradictions
between the two approaches
• Hypnosis is an extension both of normal
principles of social influence and of everyday
dissociations between our conscious
awareness and our automatic behaviors