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Chapter 5
Tissues
The study of tissues is called Histology
Atoms
Macromolecules
Cells
Tissues
Epithelial Cells
Nerve Cells
Connective & Muscle Cells
There are FOUR major types of tissues in the body.
Epithelial Tissue forms a covering
A characteristic of epithelial tissues is one side is exposed to the
outside of the body or to an internal space. The other side is anchored
to connective tissue by a nonliving layer basement membrane
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Found in lungs, capillaries & blood vessels, line body cavities, very thin and delicate
Cuboidal Epithelium
Found in the ovaries, kidneys, salivary glands, thyroid gland, pancreas and liver
Lining tubes or ducts in these structures
Columnar Epithelial
Goblets cells produce mucus that protects the cells
Found in the stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Some have cilia and
are found in the female reproductive system.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
These line the tubes of the respiratory system to remove dust and micro-organisms
Goblet Cells produce mucus to trap the particles
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Skin, mouth, esophagus
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Line the ducts of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary
glands and pancreas. Also found in ovaries and testes
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Found in the pharynx, urethra, ductus deferens
Transitional Epithelium
Found in the urinary bladder, ureters and urethra
Can stretch as the bladder fills
Exocrine Glands – Deliver secretions by way of a
duct or tube to the inside or outside of the body
Release contents with
no cellular damage to
gland
Release content
with some cell
damage
Release entire
cells that
breakdown to
release contents
Table 05.04
The
common
structural
protein
is Colla
Mostmost
common
structural
protein
is Collage
Called Yellow Connective Tissue
Fibroblast – most common connective tissue cells
Their fibers strengthen tissues
Scavenger Cell –
another very common
connective tissue cell
This is a scavenger cell
Mast Cell
Found near blood
vessels produce
heparin to
prevent clots
Produce
histamines to
promote
inflammation and
cause allergic
response
Areolar Tissue
Makes thin membranes throughout the body surrounding muscle groups and
connects skin to underlying muscles
Areolar means “open spaces” in latin
Adipose Tissue
Contains are amounts of fat, layer under skin is for protection and insulation
This is the most common loose connective tissue in the body
Reticular Tissue
Thin collagenous fibers provide a framework to internal organs
such as the liver and spleen
Dense Connective Tissue
This tissue makes up tendons, ligaments and cartilage. It has a poor blood
supply so is very slow to repair.
Cartilage – Three Types : Hyaline Cartilage, Elastic Cartilage
and Fibrocartilage
Hyaline – Most common type, found at the end
of bones, nose, respiratory system
Elastic Cartilage
Found in the external ear and larynx
Fibrocartilage
Very tough cartilage found in the intervertebral discs, knees and pelvis
Bone
Blood – it is a liquid connective tissue
The Plasma is what holds the blood together
Skeletal or Striated Muscle
Also called Voluntary Muscle – It does what you want it to do
Smooth Muscle
Also called Involuntary Muscle – It takes care of itself
Cardiac Muscle
This is Involuntary Muscle
Neuron or Nerve Cell
There are three types of Neurons: Motor, Sensory and Associative
Neuroglial or glial cell are crucial to the functioning of the neurons, they
support neurons by supplying nutrients and cell to cell communications.