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Renaissance 1. What was an immediate result of the Black Death? A) B) C) D) labor shortages overseas exploration decrease in anti-Semitism improvements in medical science 2. In the 14th century, the bubonic plague was primarily spread from Asia into Africa and Europe by A) B) C) D) 7. • 1340s—Mongols, merchants, and other travelers carried disease along trade routes west of China. • 1346—The plague reached the Black Sea ports of Caffa and Tana. • 1347—Italian merchants fled plague-infected Black Sea ports. • 1348—The plague became an epidemic in most of western Europe. sailors during Viking raids traders and pilgrims during Pax Mongolia enslaved Africans on the Middle Passage missionaries during the European Age of Exploration Which conclusion can be made based on these statements? A) The plague primarily affected China. B) The interaction of people spread the plague. C) Port cities were relatively untouched by the plague. D) The plague started in western Europe. 3. In general, in which direction did the Black Death spread during the 14 th century? A) B) C) D) from Europe to the Americas from Africa to Southeast Asia from Asia to Europe from the Americas to Asia 4. As the Black Death spread in the mid-14th century, which region tended to experience the greatest loss of life? A) rural farms C) remote villages B) urban areas D) mountainous areas 5. What was a direct result of the Black Death in Europe? A) The rate of urbanization increased. B) A shortage of workers developed. C) Food crops had to be imported from the Americas. D) German states dominated trade in the eastern Mediterranean. 8. "Tedious were it to recount, how citizen avoided citizen, how among neighbors was scarce found any that shewed fellow-feeling for another, how kinsfolk held aloof, and never met, or but rarely; enough that this sore affliction entered so deep into the minds of men and women, that in the horror thereof brother was forsaken by brother, nephew by uncle, brother by sister, and oftentimes husband by wife; nay, what is more, and scarcely to be believed, fathers and mothers were found to abandon their own children, untended, unvisited, to their fate, as if they had been strangers. . . ." — Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron The author of this passage was describing the A) breakdown of social order during the bubonic plague B) power of special courts during the Inquisition C) treatment of native peoples in Latin American nations D) outcome of the famine in Ireland in the 1890s 6. What was one of the primary reasons for the spread of the bubonic plague? A) B) C) D) increase in trade colonization of the Americas development of the manorial system economic decline 9. Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14th-century Europe and in 16th- and 17th-century North and South America? A) B) C) D) Page 1 rise of nation-states outbreak of the Black Death and smallpox fall of Constantinople introduction of new military 10. Which statement best expresses the philosophy of humanism? A) God selects those to be saved. B) The pope expresses the ultimate word of God. C) People have potential and can improve themselves by learning. D) A person's life on Earth is merely preparation for the afterlife. 16. Humanism during the Italian Renaissance was focused on A) B) C) D) 17. What was a major characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe? 11. Which term is defined as a Renaissance movement characterized by independent thought and a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman culture? A) multiculturalism C) nationalism A) an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism, and individualism B) a reliance on the Pope and his knights to maintain political stability C) a shift in production from the domestic system to the factory system D) a way of thinking stressing humility and Christian faith 13. Which philosophy that was developed during the Renaissance is associated with a shift in focus away from religious subjects toward more secular subjects? A) humanism C) communism A) B) C) D) B) humanism D) monasticism 12. A key feature of European Renaissance culture was Secular achievements were emphasized. Suffrage was granted to men and women. Most literature was written in Arabic. Most ancient Greek and Roman ideas were rejected. 18. What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the end justifies the means”? A) Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for the state. B) The general public always acts in its own best interest. C) Pleasing all of the people at any given time is possible. D) Leaders must always act for the common good. 19. Which set of historical periods in European history is in the correct chronological order? A. Medieval Europe B. Italian Renaissance C. Golden Age of Greece D. Enlightenment B) absolutism D) scholasticism 14. During the Renaissance, humanist philosophers emphasized the importance of A) B) C) D) the affairs of the church self-sufficiency the importance of the individual political theories A) C C) C individualism absolutism religious salvation technological advancement A B B D D B) A A D) B B A D C C D 20. A major reason that the Renaissance began in Italy was that A) Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade between Europe and Asia B) farmers produced great agricultural surpluses on vast plains C) merchants supported the Green Revolution D) many European scholars had migrated to this area 15. What was one ideal of Renaissance humanism? A) training as a knight and practicing chivalry B) obeying divine right monarchs and the church C) living apart from the world and taking monastic vows D) investigating areas of interest and fulfilling one’s potential 21. During the Commercial Revolution, where did trading centers most often develop? A) in the mountains C) along waterways Page 2 B) near grasslands D) on the tundra 22. The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the economic growth of Italian city-states in the 1400s, and the development of humanism were aspects of the A) B) C) D) Age of Revolutions Protestant Reformation spread of Islam European Renaissance 27. Which feature was typical of Greece during the Golden Age and Italy during the Renaissance? A) B) C) D) 28. In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism was A) a belief in the supremacy of the state in relation to individual rights B) a rejection of ancient civilizations and their cultures C) an emphasis on social control and obedience to national rulers D) an appreciation for the basic worth of individual achievement 23. One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of ancient Greece was that the Renaissance writers A) stressed the power of human reason B) promoted the religious doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church C) showed little interest in secular affairs D) produced few new scientific ideas 24. An important characteristic of Renaissance humanists was their emphasis on A) B) C) D) 29. Which statement describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on western Europe? A) The philosophy of humanism brought about a decrease in the power of the Roman Catholic Church. B) Art began to reflect an increased emphasis on religious themes. C) Nationalistic movements among the minority ethnic groups in the region declined. D) The feudal system was developed to provide stability in a decentralized political structure. accepting ideas based on Confucian thought the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church magic and alchemy classical Roman and Greek writings 25. Which historical events are in the correct chronological order? A) Crusades ® Renaissance ® Neolithic Revolution ® Roman Empire B) Roman Empire ® Neolithic Revolution ® Crusades ® Renaissance C) Renaissance ® Neolithic Revolution ® Crusades ® Roman Empire D) Neolithic Revolution ® Roman Empire ® Crusades ® Renaissance 26. The humanists of the Renaissance differed from the traditional medieval philosophers in the humanists' A) interest in the spiritual life of people B) lack of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture C) rejection of Christian principles D) emphasis on the importance of the individual universal suffrage racial diversity social equality a questioning spirit 30. Which point of view best represents the philosophy of the Renaissance? A) The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study. B) Class distinctions in society should be abolished C) Religious doctrines are the only subject of value. D) The glorification of human beings is sinful. 31. In The Prince, Machiavelli advises rulers to A) B) C) D) Page 3 seek the approval of the people establish and maintain power promote openness in government learn and follow the commandments of the church 32. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . I conclude, therefore, with regard to being feared and loved, that men love at their own free will, but fear at the will of the prince, and that a wise prince must rely on what is in his power and not on what is in the power of others, and he must only contrive to avoid incurring hatred, as has been explained. . . This passage is most closely associated with the ideas of A) B) C) D) Pope Urban II Niccolo Machiavelli John Calvin Thomas Malthus 33. Which advancement in technology revolutionized the way ideas were spread throughout western Europe in the 15th century? A) B) C) D) development of the astrolabe introduction of the telegraph improvements to the printing press creation of the telescope 37. One major characteristic of the Renaissance period is that the A) Catholic Church no longer had any influence in Europe B) manor became the center of economic activity C) classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated D) major language of the people became Latin 38. Which factor best characterizes the art of both ancient Greece and the Renaissance? A) B) C) D) 39. • Leonardo DaVinci used movement and perspective in his work. • Machiavelli's The Prince advised rulers on how to gain and maintain power. • Humanist scholars examined worldly subjects and classical culture. Which period is associated with these statements? A) B) C) D) 34. Which period in European history is most closely associated with Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo, William Shakespeare, and Nicolaus Copernicus? A) B) C) D) Early Middle Ages Renaissance Age of Absolutism Enlightenment A) unquestioned reliance on the teachings of Aristotle B) an advance of Muslim culture C) Christian unity throughout the region D) great intellectual and artistic creativity 41. In which way were the developments of the Renaissance in Italy similar to he developments of the Tang dynasty in China? Which period in European history is most closely associated with these statements? Early Middle Ages Industrial Revolution Renaissance Hellenistic Period 36. Which revolution led to the concept of banking, the creation of guilds, and the development of capitalism in Europe? A) Commercial C) Scientific French Revolution Renaissance Early Middle Ages Enlightenment 40. The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by 35. • Classical Greco-Roman ideas were revived. • Wealthy patrons supported the arts and education. • Humanism spread throughout western Europe. A) B) C) D) emphasis on the human form focus on biblical themes dominance of landscape paintings influence of the West African tradition B) Agricultural D) Industrial Page 4 A) The rebirth of art, technology, and learning was a central theme in both regions. B) Warfare and insurrection led to the devastation of both societies. C) Religious reform was a main focus in both regions. D) The peasant class was responsible for the emergence of both eras. 42. In western Europe, a long-term effect of the invention of Gutenberg’s printing press was that the A) B) C) D) 47. Which is a valid conclusion based on a study of European art during the Renaissance in Europe? monarchies were restored to absolute power feudal system declined literacy rate increased development of new ideas was discouraged A) Emphasis on artistic creativity can discourage a society from pursuing reforms. B) The development of guilds prevented artistic creativity. C) The presence of a wealthy leisure class contributes to artistic achievement. D) An economy based on subsistence agriculture encourages artistic development. 43. Niccolò Machiavelli in The Prince and Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan both advocated that a ruler should A) obtain power from a social contract with the governed B) place the needs of subjects first C) apply Christian teachings to all decisions D) employ absolute power to maintain order in the areas under their rule 48. Which situation contributed most to the beginning of the Renaissance? A) Strong rulers censored new ideas. B) Europe became increasingly isolated from other regions. C) The emphasis on religious uniformity increased. D) A wealthy class that supported the arts emerged. 44. Which statement explains why the Renaissance began in Italy? A) Italy was not influenced by a classical heritage. B) The Italian city-states were wealthy centers of trade and manufacturing. C) Italy was politically unified by a strong central government. D) The Catholic Church did not have any influence in Italy. 49. Which idea about leadership would Niccolo Machiavelli most likely support? A) Leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve their goals. B) Leaders should fight against discrimination and intolerance. C) Leaders should listen to the desires of the people. D) Elected leaders should be fair and good. 45. ". . . and in the actions of men, and especially of princes, . . . the end justifies the means." Which philosopher most likely wrote this statement? A) B) C) D) Baron de Montesquieu Niccolò Machiavelli Voltaire John Locke 50. • Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe. • England defeated the Spanish Armada. • William Shakespeare wrote his play Richard Ill. These events occurred during the reign of 46. Which statement concerning the Renaissance in Europe is based on opinion rather than on fact? A) Literature began to appear in languages other than Latin. B) The art of the Northern Renaissance was superior to that of the Italian Renaissance. C) Art reflected the ideas of humanism and individualism. D) Art produced during the Renaissance had religious as well as secular themes. A) B) C) D) Charlemagne Elizabeth I Peter the Great Suleiman the Magnificent 51. • Literacy rates rise. • Shakespeare's sonnets circulated. • Secular ideas spread. Which innovation led directly to these developments? A) printing press C) paper currency Page 5 B) astrolabe D) caravel 52. The printing press, the astrolabe, and the Mercator projection were technological advances that contributed to the A) exploration and overseas expansion of the 1400s and 1500s B) unification of Germany and Italy in the late 1800s C) growth of industry in Latin America during the late 1900s D) spread of Islam in the 700s and 800s 53. The primary purpose of the Magna Carta (1215) was to A) B) C) D) limit the power of King John install Oliver Cromwell as dictator justify the Glorious Revolution charter the British East India Company 56. The major reason that Portugal and Spain established water routes to Asia’s spice markets was to A) experiment with new technology such as the astrolabe and sextant B) provide jobs for navigators, cartographers,and shipbuilders C) avoid the overland routes that were controlled by Muslim traders D) discover new continents, plants, and animals 57. Venice in Europe, Mogadishu in Africa, and Canton in China emerged during the 13th century primarily as important centers of A) agriculture C) manufacturing 58. As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in western Europe can be attributed to the 54. The rapid changes that occurred during the late Middle Ages in Europe had the effect of A) B) C) D) expanding the influence of the feudal lords strengthening the power of monarchies eliminating religion as a form of social control limiting the power of the merchant class 55. What was one reason that some Italian cities developed into major commercial and cultural centers during the 13th and 14th centuries? A) B) C) D) B) trade D) mining unified central government isolationist economic policies geographic location system of social equality Page 6 A) economic policies of the Roman Empire B) increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades C) strength of Christianity in medieval Europe D) self-sufficiency of the manor system