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Renaissance
1. What was an immediate result of the Black Death?
A)
B)
C)
D)
labor shortages
overseas exploration
decrease in anti-Semitism
improvements in medical science
2. In the 14th century, the bubonic plague was primarily
spread from Asia into Africa and Europe by
A)
B)
C)
D)
7. • 1340s—Mongols, merchants, and other travelers
carried disease along trade routes west of China.
• 1346—The plague reached the Black Sea ports of
Caffa and Tana.
• 1347—Italian merchants fled plague-infected Black
Sea ports.
• 1348—The plague became an epidemic in most of
western Europe.
sailors during Viking raids
traders and pilgrims during Pax Mongolia
enslaved Africans on the Middle Passage
missionaries during the European Age of
Exploration
Which conclusion can be made based on these
statements?
A) The plague primarily affected China.
B) The interaction of people spread the plague.
C) Port cities were relatively untouched by the
plague.
D) The plague started in western Europe.
3. In general, in which direction did the Black Death
spread during the 14 th century?
A)
B)
C)
D)
from Europe to the Americas
from Africa to Southeast Asia
from Asia to Europe
from the Americas to Asia
4. As the Black Death spread in the mid-14th century,
which region tended to experience the greatest loss of
life?
A) rural farms
C) remote villages
B) urban areas
D) mountainous areas
5. What was a direct result of the Black Death in
Europe?
A) The rate of urbanization increased.
B) A shortage of workers developed.
C) Food crops had to be imported from the
Americas.
D) German states dominated trade in the eastern
Mediterranean.
8. "Tedious were it to recount, how citizen avoided
citizen, how among neighbors was scarce found any
that shewed fellow-feeling for another, how kinsfolk
held aloof, and never met, or but rarely; enough that
this sore affliction entered so deep into the minds of
men and women, that in the horror thereof brother
was forsaken by brother, nephew by uncle, brother by
sister, and oftentimes husband by wife; nay, what is
more, and scarcely to be believed, fathers and
mothers were found to abandon their own children,
untended, unvisited, to their fate, as if they had been
strangers. . . ."
— Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron
The author of this passage was describing the
A) breakdown of social order during the bubonic
plague
B) power of special courts during the Inquisition
C) treatment of native peoples in Latin American
nations
D) outcome of the famine in Ireland in the 1890s
6. What was one of the primary reasons for the spread of
the bubonic plague?
A)
B)
C)
D)
increase in trade
colonization of the Americas
development of the manorial system
economic decline
9. Which development led to the shortages of labor in
14th-century Europe and in 16th- and 17th-century
North and South America?
A)
B)
C)
D)
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rise of nation-states
outbreak of the Black Death and smallpox
fall of Constantinople
introduction of new military
10. Which statement best expresses the philosophy of
humanism?
A) God selects those to be saved.
B) The pope expresses the ultimate word of God.
C) People have potential and can improve
themselves by learning.
D) A person's life on Earth is merely preparation
for the afterlife.
16. Humanism during the Italian Renaissance was
focused on
A)
B)
C)
D)
17. What was a major characteristic of the Renaissance
in Europe?
11. Which term is defined as a Renaissance movement
characterized by independent thought and a renewed
interest in classical Greek and Roman culture?
A) multiculturalism
C) nationalism
A) an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism,
and individualism
B) a reliance on the Pope and his knights to
maintain political stability
C) a shift in production from the domestic system
to the factory system
D) a way of thinking stressing humility and
Christian faith
13. Which philosophy that was developed during the
Renaissance is associated with a shift in focus away
from religious subjects toward more secular
subjects?
A) humanism
C) communism
A)
B)
C)
D)
B) humanism
D) monasticism
12. A key feature of European Renaissance culture was
Secular achievements were emphasized.
Suffrage was granted to men and women.
Most literature was written in Arabic.
Most ancient Greek and Roman ideas were
rejected.
18. What is meant by Machiavelli’s belief that “the end
justifies the means”?
A) Leaders may use any method to achieve what is
best for the state.
B) The general public always acts in its own best
interest.
C) Pleasing all of the people at any given time is
possible.
D) Leaders must always act for the common good.
19. Which set of historical periods in European history
is in the correct chronological order?
A. Medieval Europe
B. Italian Renaissance
C. Golden Age of Greece
D. Enlightenment
B) absolutism
D) scholasticism
14. During the Renaissance, humanist philosophers
emphasized the importance of
A)
B)
C)
D)
the affairs of the church
self-sufficiency
the importance of the individual
political theories
A) C
C) C
individualism
absolutism
religious salvation
technological advancement
A
B
B
D
D B) A
A D) B
B
A
D
C
C
D
20. A major reason that the Renaissance began in Italy
was that
A) Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade
between Europe and Asia
B) farmers produced great agricultural surpluses
on vast plains
C) merchants supported the Green Revolution
D) many European scholars had migrated to this
area
15. What was one ideal of Renaissance humanism?
A) training as a knight and practicing chivalry
B) obeying divine right monarchs and the church
C) living apart from the world and taking monastic
vows
D) investigating areas of interest and fulfilling
one’s potential
21. During the Commercial Revolution, where did
trading centers most often develop?
A) in the mountains
C) along waterways
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B) near grasslands
D) on the tundra
22. The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the
economic growth of Italian city-states in the 1400s,
and the development of humanism were aspects of
the
A)
B)
C)
D)
Age of Revolutions
Protestant Reformation
spread of Islam
European Renaissance
27. Which feature was typical of Greece during the
Golden Age and Italy during the Renaissance?
A)
B)
C)
D)
28. In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism was
A) a belief in the supremacy of the state in relation
to individual rights
B) a rejection of ancient civilizations and their
cultures
C) an emphasis on social control and obedience to
national rulers
D) an appreciation for the basic worth of
individual achievement
23. One way in which the writers of the Renaissance
were influenced by the writers of ancient Greece
was that the Renaissance writers
A) stressed the power of human reason
B) promoted the religious doctrines of the Roman
Catholic Church
C) showed little interest in secular affairs
D) produced few new scientific ideas
24. An important characteristic of Renaissance
humanists was their emphasis on
A)
B)
C)
D)
29. Which statement describes a direct effect of the
Renaissance on western Europe?
A) The philosophy of humanism brought about a
decrease in the power of the Roman Catholic
Church.
B) Art began to reflect an increased emphasis on
religious themes.
C) Nationalistic movements among the minority
ethnic groups in the region declined.
D) The feudal system was developed to provide
stability in a decentralized political structure.
accepting ideas based on Confucian thought
the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church
magic and alchemy
classical Roman and Greek writings
25. Which historical events are in the correct
chronological order?
A) Crusades ® Renaissance ® Neolithic
Revolution ® Roman Empire
B) Roman Empire ® Neolithic Revolution ®
Crusades ® Renaissance
C) Renaissance ® Neolithic Revolution ®
Crusades ® Roman Empire
D) Neolithic Revolution ® Roman Empire ®
Crusades ® Renaissance
26. The humanists of the Renaissance differed from
the traditional medieval philosophers in the
humanists'
A) interest in the spiritual life of people
B) lack of interest in ancient Greek and Roman
culture
C) rejection of Christian principles
D) emphasis on the importance of the individual
universal suffrage
racial diversity
social equality
a questioning spirit
30. Which point of view best represents the philosophy
of the Renaissance?
A) The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy
of study.
B) Class distinctions in society should be
abolished
C) Religious doctrines are the only subject of
value.
D) The glorification of human beings is sinful.
31. In The Prince, Machiavelli advises rulers to
A)
B)
C)
D)
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seek the approval of the people
establish and maintain power
promote openness in government
learn and follow the commandments of the
church
32. Base your answer to the following question on the
passage below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
. . . I conclude, therefore, with regard to being feared
and loved, that men love at their own free will, but
fear at the will of the prince, and that a wise prince
must rely on what is in his power and not on what is
in the power of others, and he must only contrive to
avoid incurring hatred, as has been explained. . .
This passage is most closely associated with the
ideas of
A)
B)
C)
D)
Pope Urban II
Niccolo Machiavelli
John Calvin
Thomas Malthus
33. Which advancement in technology revolutionized
the way ideas were spread throughout western
Europe in the 15th century?
A)
B)
C)
D)
development of the astrolabe
introduction of the telegraph
improvements to the printing press
creation of the telescope
37. One major characteristic of the Renaissance period is
that the
A) Catholic Church no longer had any influence in
Europe
B) manor became the center of economic activity
C) classical cultures of Greece and Rome were
revived and imitated
D) major language of the people became Latin
38. Which factor best characterizes the art of both
ancient Greece and the Renaissance?
A)
B)
C)
D)
39. • Leonardo DaVinci used movement and perspective
in his work.
• Machiavelli's The Prince advised rulers on how to
gain and maintain power.
• Humanist scholars examined worldly subjects and
classical culture.
Which period is associated with these statements?
A)
B)
C)
D)
34. Which period in European history is most closely
associated with Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo,
William Shakespeare, and Nicolaus Copernicus?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Early Middle Ages
Renaissance
Age of Absolutism
Enlightenment
A) unquestioned reliance on the teachings of
Aristotle
B) an advance of Muslim culture
C) Christian unity throughout the region
D) great intellectual and artistic creativity
41. In which way were the developments of the
Renaissance in Italy similar to he developments of
the Tang dynasty in China?
Which period in European history is most closely
associated with these statements?
Early Middle Ages
Industrial Revolution
Renaissance
Hellenistic Period
36. Which revolution led to the concept of banking, the
creation of guilds, and the development of
capitalism in Europe?
A) Commercial
C) Scientific
French Revolution
Renaissance
Early Middle Ages
Enlightenment
40. The Renaissance in western Europe is best described
as a period marked by
35. • Classical Greco-Roman ideas were revived.
• Wealthy patrons supported the arts and education.
• Humanism spread throughout western Europe.
A)
B)
C)
D)
emphasis on the human form
focus on biblical themes
dominance of landscape paintings
influence of the West African tradition
B) Agricultural
D) Industrial
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A) The rebirth of art, technology, and learning was
a central theme in both regions.
B) Warfare and insurrection led to the devastation
of both societies.
C) Religious reform was a main focus in both
regions.
D) The peasant class was responsible for the
emergence of both eras.
42. In western Europe, a long-term effect of the
invention of Gutenberg’s printing press was that the
A)
B)
C)
D)
47. Which is a valid conclusion based on a study of
European art during the Renaissance in Europe?
monarchies were restored to absolute power
feudal system declined
literacy rate increased
development of new ideas was discouraged
A) Emphasis on artistic creativity can discourage a
society from pursuing reforms.
B) The development of guilds prevented artistic
creativity.
C) The presence of a wealthy leisure class
contributes to artistic achievement.
D) An economy based on subsistence agriculture
encourages artistic development.
43. Niccolò Machiavelli in The Prince and Thomas
Hobbes in Leviathan both advocated that a ruler
should
A) obtain power from a social contract with the
governed
B) place the needs of subjects first
C) apply Christian teachings to all decisions
D) employ absolute power to maintain order in the
areas under their rule
48. Which situation contributed most to the beginning of
the Renaissance?
A) Strong rulers censored new ideas.
B) Europe became increasingly isolated from other
regions.
C) The emphasis on religious uniformity
increased.
D) A wealthy class that supported the arts
emerged.
44. Which statement explains why the Renaissance
began in Italy?
A) Italy was not influenced by a classical heritage.
B) The Italian city-states were wealthy centers of
trade and manufacturing.
C) Italy was politically unified by a strong central
government.
D) The Catholic Church did not have any influence
in Italy.
49. Which idea about leadership would Niccolo
Machiavelli most likely support?
A) Leaders should do whatever is necessary to
achieve their goals.
B) Leaders should fight against discrimination and
intolerance.
C) Leaders should listen to the desires of the
people.
D) Elected leaders should be fair and good.
45. ". . . and in the actions of men, and especially of
princes, . . . the end justifies the means."
Which philosopher most likely wrote this statement?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Baron de Montesquieu
Niccolò Machiavelli
Voltaire
John Locke
50. • Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe.
• England defeated the Spanish Armada.
• William Shakespeare wrote his play Richard Ill.
These events occurred during the reign of
46. Which statement concerning the Renaissance in
Europe is based on opinion rather than on fact?
A) Literature began to appear in languages other
than Latin.
B) The art of the Northern Renaissance was
superior to that of the Italian Renaissance.
C) Art reflected the ideas of humanism and
individualism.
D) Art produced during the Renaissance had
religious as well as secular themes.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Charlemagne
Elizabeth I
Peter the Great
Suleiman the Magnificent
51. • Literacy rates rise.
• Shakespeare's sonnets circulated.
• Secular ideas spread.
Which innovation led directly to these
developments?
A) printing press
C) paper currency
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B) astrolabe
D) caravel
52. The printing press, the astrolabe, and the Mercator
projection were technological advances that
contributed to the
A) exploration and overseas expansion of the
1400s and 1500s
B) unification of Germany and Italy in the late
1800s
C) growth of industry in Latin America during the
late 1900s
D) spread of Islam in the 700s and 800s
53. The primary purpose of the Magna Carta (1215) was
to
A)
B)
C)
D)
limit the power of King John
install Oliver Cromwell as dictator
justify the Glorious Revolution
charter the British East India Company
56. The major reason that Portugal and Spain established
water routes to Asia’s spice markets was to
A) experiment with new technology such as the
astrolabe and sextant
B) provide jobs for navigators, cartographers,and
shipbuilders
C) avoid the overland routes that were controlled
by Muslim traders
D) discover new continents, plants, and animals
57. Venice in Europe, Mogadishu in Africa, and Canton
in China emerged during the 13th century primarily
as important centers of
A) agriculture
C) manufacturing
58. As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class
in western Europe can be attributed to the
54. The rapid changes that occurred during the late
Middle Ages in Europe had the effect of
A)
B)
C)
D)
expanding the influence of the feudal lords
strengthening the power of monarchies
eliminating religion as a form of social control
limiting the power of the merchant class
55. What was one reason that some Italian cities
developed into major commercial and cultural
centers during the 13th and 14th centuries?
A)
B)
C)
D)
B) trade
D) mining
unified central government
isolationist economic policies
geographic location
system of social equality
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A) economic policies of the Roman Empire
B) increase in trade that resulted from the
Crusades
C) strength of Christianity in medieval Europe
D) self-sufficiency of the manor system