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GLAND CELLS HORMONE TARGET TISSUE Hypothalamus Neurosecretory Antidiuretic Hormone ADH (vasopressin) Stored in neurohypophysis PRINCIPAL ACTION Oxytocin OT Pituitary Neurohypophysis Adenohypophysis Pituicytes Glandular Hypothalmic Releasing Hormones Pituituary Regulate pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone ADH (vasopressin) Kidneys Increase permeability of collecting tubules Reabsorption of water from tubules into bloodstream Oxytocin Uterus and Breasts Stimulates smooth muscle in uterus to contract. Stimulates ejection of milk from lactiferous ducts. Growth Hormone GH (somatotropin) All cells, mostly muscle and bone Enhance protein synthesis; increase blood glucose; enhance amino acids getting into cells Thyroid Stimulating Hormone TSH Thyroid causes secretion of hormones from thyroid Adrenocorticotropin ACTH Adrenal Gland Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete hormones Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone MSH Melanocytes Promotes production of melanin Prolactin PRL Breasts Stimulates secretion of milk from mammary glands GLAND CELLS Adenohypophysis (cont) HORMONE TARGET TISSUE PRINCIPAL ACTION Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH Ovaries....... Stimulates development of follicles and production of estrogens Testes........ Stimulates seminiferous tubules to produce sperm Luteinizing Hormone LH Ovaries Stimulates ovulation and the development of corpus luteum which will produce estrogens and progesterone Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone ICSH Testes Stimulates Interstitial Cells of Leydig to produce testosterone Pineal Gland Pinealocytes Melatonin Gonads Inhibits Gonadotropic hormones Thyroid Gland Follicular Cells Thyroxin All cells Increase cellular metabolism; Stimulate protein synthesis; Synergistic w/GH Parafollicular cells Calcitonin Bone tissue Stimulates osteoblasts; inhibits osteoclasts; Decreases blood calcium and phosphorus levels Chief cells & oxyphil cells Parathyroid Hormone PTH Bone tissue Inhibits osteoblasts; stimulates osteoclasts; Increases blood calcium and phosphorus levels Thymosin lymphocytes Regulates development of Tcells Parathyroid Gland Thymus Gland GLAND CELLS HORMONE TARGET TISSUE PRINCIPAL ACTION Pancreas Alpha Glucagon Liver, adipose muscle tissue Stimulate target tissue to convert glycogen into glucose, or "glycogenolysis" Stimulate liver cells to convert amino acids and fats to glucose, or "gluconeogenesis" Raise blood glucose levels Beta Insulin All cells Lower blood glucose levels Promotes facilitated diffusionof glucose into cells Stimulates formation of glycogen from glucose, or "glycogenesis" Delta Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone GHIH Pancreas, Pituitary Inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin, GH Adrenal Glands -Adrenal Cortex a) Zona Glomerulosa Aldosterone (steroid) Kidney increase reabsorption of sodium and water secretion of K+ b) Zona Fasciculata Cortisol (steroid) All cells Helps regulate metabolism by raising blood glucose levels; stimulates lipolysis c) Zona Reticularis Estrogens and Androgens (steroids) Gonads Supplemental supply to gonads Help stimulate early development of reproductive organs Help control female libido; has effect on onset of puberty Epinephrine & Norepinephrin (nonsteroid) All cells Prepares body for stressful situations; Increase heart rate and breathing; dilate blood vessels in some areas; increase blood glucose levels; stimulate cell metabolism Adrenal Medulla Chromaffin cells GLAND Gonads: Ovaries Testes Placenta CELLS HORMONE TARGET TISSUE PRINCIPAL ACTION Primary & Secondary Follicles Estrogens (Steroids) See next col. Promote development of 2° female sex characteristics (vulva and breasts); fat distribution, hair pattern, development of endometrium Corpus luteum Estrogens, Progesterones, Inhibin, Relaxin See next col. Progesterone: thickens voice pitch, endometrium, maintain pregnancy, regulates menstrual cycle Inh: Inhibits FSH, Rel: Causes relaxation of cervix and pubic symphasis Interstitial Cells of Leydig Testosterone................ Sertoli Cells Inhibin Adenohypophysis Regulates spermatogenesis by inhibiting FSH Human Chorionic Gonadotropic Hormone hCG Ovaries Mimics LH, begins @ 8th day after fertilization, keeps corpus luteum viable so estrogen and progesterone levels are maintained. From 3rd month to term, secretes estrogen and progesterone. Development of 2° male sex characteristics; penis and scrotum, Descent of testes, Development of voice pitch, hair pattern, bone/muscle size
