Download Atomic Structure Guided Notes- Key 1. The simplest form of matter is

Atomic Structure Guided Notes- Key
1. The simplest form of matter is elements
a. Matter- the material from which all known physical objects are
made
2. Atoms
a. Atom is the smallest piece of an element that contains the
characteristics of that element
b. Atoms have a nucleus that consists of protons and neutrons
i. Protons- positively charged atomic particles
ii. Neutrons- uncharged, “neutral” atomic particles
3. Atomic Number
a. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the
nucleus of an element
b. The atomic number identifies the element
i. Oxygen Atomic Number= 8, which means there are 8
protons
ii. Argon Atomic Number = 18, how many protons? 18
4. Electrons
a. Electron Characteristics
i. Main focus of this unit because the movement of electrons
helps generate electricity
ii. Electrons- negatively charge atomic particle
iii. Electrons reside in electron clouds and are divided into 7
energy levels
iv. Electrons always want to stay in the lowest energy level
when possible
b. Electron Orbitals
i. Areas within each energy level where electrons move
around the nucleus of an atom
1. Think of how planets ORBIT the sun
ii. 4 different types of orbitals and each can hold a specific
amount of electrons
1. S orbital- 2
2. P orbital- 6
3. D orbital- 10
4. F orbital- 14
c. Energy Levels and Orbitals
i.
ii.
5. Valence Electrons
a. Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest energy level of
an atom
b. They are the “leftover” electrons
c. Atoms like to have their valence electrons equal 8 or 0
d. What does this have to do with electricity?
i. The number of valence electrons determine if an element
will allow electricity to flow
e. Electronegativity
i. The ability of an atom to draw electrons to itself
ii. Why is this important?
1. It is important because an elements electronegativity
will help determine if it will determine if the element
will allow electron flow or not
6. Conductors and Insulators
a.
CONDUCTORS
b.
INSULATORS
c.
Electrons flow easily
d.
Electron flow is difficult
between atoms
between atoms
e.
1-3 valence electrons in
f.
5-8 valence electrons in
outer orbit
outer orbit
g.
Low electronegativity
h.
High Electronegativity
i.
Good conductors: Silver,
j.
Examples: Mica, Glass,
Copper, Gold, Aluminum
Rubber, Plastic
7. Periodic Table of Elements in Groups
a. When talking about electricity the three groups the periodic table
of elements can be broken into is metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
b.
METALS
c.
METALLOIDS
d.
NONMETALS
e.
Good
f.
Combination of
g.
Poor
Conductors
metal and non-metal
Conductors
properties
h.
Poor
i.
Conduct heat and j.
Good
Insulators
electricity better than
Insulators
insulators, but not as
good as metals
k.
Shiny
l.
Solids
m. Dull Luster
n.
Malleable
o.
Semi-conductors
p.
Brittle
q.
High Density r.
s.
Low Density
t.
Low
u.
Melt at lower
Electronegativity
temps
v.
High
Electronegativity
8. Semiconductors
a. Contain 4 valence electrons
b. Neither good insulator, nor a good conductor
c. Can be made a better conductor by doping
d. Needed for transistors and microchips