Download Bio 20 Outcome Checklist Biochemistry Chapter 6.1 Energy Within

Bio 20 Outcome Checklist
Biochemistry
Chapter 6.1
_____ I can describe the chemical nature of carbohydrates (what
they’re made of and what they look like) and identify simple sugars
like monosaccharide and disaccharides, more complex sugars like
starches and cellulose.
_____ I understand the importance of carbohydrates to the human
body and can describe how our bodies use carbohydrates for energy.
_____ I can describe the chemical nature of fats (lipids) – i.e what
they’re made of and what they look like and explain their importance
to the human body.
_____ I can describe the chemical nature of proteins (what they’re
made of and what they look like) and identify major categories of
proteins such as enzymes, hormones, or structural proteins.
_____ I can describe the role that enzymes play in catalyzing reactions
and recognize factors that influence the rate at which an enzyme
works (temperature, pH, concentration etc)
_____ I can perform tests using Lugol solution (iodine), Benedicts
Solution, Biuret Solution, Sudan IV, Soap, and nitric acid to identify
the presence of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
Energy Within the Cell:
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Chapter 5
_____ I can explain how energy is absorbed by pigments, namely
chlorophyll.
_____ I can explain how high energy electrons serve to create ATP by
chemiosmosis and I know where in the chloroplast this process occurs.
_____ I can explain how high energy electrons serve to reduce NADP
to form NADPH.
_____ I can explain how the products of the light-dependant reactions
(NADPH and ATP) are used to reduce carbon in the light-independent
reactions.
_____ I understand that the light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
produce glucose and I can identify where in the chloroplast these
reactions take place.
_____ I can explain how glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the
Krebs cycle to produce NADH and FADH.
_____ I can describe where in the cell Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and
the Electron transport chain of photosynthesis occur.
_____ I can explain in general terms how chemiosmosis converts the
power of NADH and FADH to store chemical potential energy as ATP.
_____ I can identify at least 2 main differences between aerobic
respiration and anaerobic respiration in plants, animals, and yeast.
_____ I can explain the role of ATP in living cells. (active transport,
phagocytosis, synthesis of molecules, muscle contraction, heat
production etc)
_____ I can explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis
release heat (2nd law of thermodynamics)
Energy Transfer in the Biosphere
Chapter 1
_____ I understand and can explain the first two laws of
thermodynamics.
_____ I can explain why energy why producers have more energy at
their trophic level, than trophic levels further up the food chain.
_____ I can differentiate between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.
_____ I can identify locations in which photosynthesis and
chemosynthesis may occur.
_____ I can describe or define a trophic level using a food chain or a
food web as an example.
_____ I can create and interpret pyramids of energy, numbers, and
biomass.
_____ I can explain how the presence of snow and ice influence solar
energy (albedo) and the consequence of changing temperature on the
environment.
_____ Using the laws of thermodynamics, I can explain why densely
population areas may benefit from vegetarianism instead of eating
meat.
Biogeochemical Cycles
Chapter 2
_____ I understand that all matter is cycled through the environment
and can be stored in an unusable form for both the short term and the
long term.
_____ I can summarize and describe the steps involved in the carbon /
oxygen cycles, including cellular respiration, photosynthesis,
combustion, consumption, detritus / waste, and decomposition.
_____ I can differentiate between rapid cycling and slow cycling of
carbon and can identify 3 major carbon sinks.
_____ I can summarize and describe the steps involved in the nitrogen
cycle, including fixation, ammonification, nitrification, decomposition,
denitrification, runoff, and sedimentation.
_____ I can describe the role that bacteria play in the cycling of
matter through the biosphere, particularly in the nitrogen cycle
(nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposition, denitrification)
_____ I can summarize and describe the steps involved in the
phosphorous cycle including decomposition / waste, runoff,
weathering, leaching, geological uplifting, and sedimentation.
_____ I can understand that water has unique properties that allow it
to play a key role in each of the nutrient cycles.
_____ I can describe why water is considered a “universal solvent”
_____ I can describe the advantages of hydrogen bonding in water,
including adhesion and cohesion.
_____ I can explain how human activities influence the biogeochemical
cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron thereby disrupting the
environment. Consideration may include:
- the effect on aquatic ecosystems (eutrophication)
- waste & sewage disposal (residential & feed lots)
- acid deposition and it’s effect on ecosystems
_____ I am able to intelligently discuss different aspects of at least
one major water issue that Albertans face. These issues may include
- the use of water by industry (oil or manufacturing)
- the use of water by agricultural practices
- domestic water use
- inter-basin transfers
_____ I can discuss and describe how the alteration of the carbon
cycle has the ability to affect global temperatures.
Ecosystems and their Diversity
Chapter 3
_____ I can differentiate between a population, a community, and an
ecosystem.
_____ I can describe why some ecosystems have more life and more
diversity than others, based on it’s abiotic factors.
_____ I understand that land and aquatic ecosystems have a variety
of habitats and niches, and thus can accommodate a diversity of
organisms.
Ex. land: canopy, sub canopy, forest floor, soil
Ex. aquatic: littoral, limnetic, profundal, benthic zones
_____ I can explain how biotic and abiotic factors influence the
organisms that are present in an ecosystem. i.e. the difference
between a stream, lake, prairie, boreal forest, vacant lot, sports field
_____ I can explain how the distribution and range of organisms may
be limited by abiotic factors such as soil, relative humidity, moisture,
temperature, sunlight, nutrients, oxygen etc.
_____ I can explain how the distribution and range of organisms may
be limited by biotic factors such as competition, predators, and
parasites.
_____ I can explain how organisms are classified into kingdoms,
phylums, classes, orders, genuses, and species based on their diet,
physical characteristics, and behaviour.
_____ I can use principles of taxonomy to classify organisms into
different families using a dichotomous key.
Mechanisms of Population Change:
Adaptation and Evolution
Chapter 4
_____ I can explain that variation within a species is the result of
inherited mutations that have a selective advantage.
_____ I can explain how sexual reproduction leads to variation within
a population.
_____ I can differentiate between Lamarckian and Darwinian
explanations for evolutionary change.
_____ I can explain how the following lines of evidence support our
modern understanding of evolution: fossil evidence, pangea / earth’s
history, biogeography, homologous and analogous structures,
embryology, and biochemistry.
_____ I can define “speciation” and identify some conditions which
allow new species to form.
_____ I can describe the evolutionary theory of punctuated
equilibrium.
_____ I can describe the evolutionary theory of gradualism.
Digestion
Chapter 6.2 – 6.3
_____ I can identify the locations of the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
sphincters, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas, and gall
bladder.
_____ I can describe the structure and components of carbohydrates,
lipids, and proteins.
_____ I understand that carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are
digested using enzymes, which are a type of protein.
_____ I can name the principal enzymes required to digest
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
_____ I understand what an enzyme is, and can explain its role in
chemical reactions.
_____ I can identify and describe how factors such as temperature,
pH, and substrate concentration can affect an enzyme’s action.
_____ I can describe how an enzyme’s action is slowed by feedback
inhibition or by competitive inhibition.
_____ I can describe the steps involved in the digestion of proteins.
_____ I can describe the steps involved in the digestion of
carbohydrates.
_____ I can describe the steps involved in the digestion of lipids.
Circulation and Immunity
Chapter 8
_____ I can identify / locate the principal structures of the heart and
associated blood vessels including the atria, ventricles, septum, aorta,
pulmonary arteries & veins, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and
the Purkinje fibres.
_____ I describe how blood circulates through the heart, alternating
between the systemic and pulmonary systems.
_____ I can describe how the heart is supplied with oxygen through
special coronary arteries.
_____ I can differentiate between arteries and veins, and can list at
least three main differences between the two.
_____ I can explain how blood vessels can constrict and dilate thereby
redirecting blood to areas where it is required most (i.e after a meal,
or during exercise)
_____ I can describe the role platelets in blood clotting.
_____ I can describe how the body uses non-specific measures to
protect itself against foreign pathogens (1st and 2nd lines of defence:
barriers, and monocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils)
_____ I can describe how the body defends itself against pathogens
using leukocytes (white blood cells), specifically through the use of T
and B lymphocytes.
_____ I can describe and explain the relationship between antigens
and antibodies and the role that they play in identifying cells
(belonging to the body or foreign)
_____ I can describe in general terms the purpose of the lymphatic
system particularly as it relates to extra cellular fluid around the
capillaries.
_____ I can explain how the circulatory system helps in regulating
body temperatures.
_____ I can identify blood donors and recipients based on the antigens
and antibodies in their blood.
_____ I can describe blood pressure is taken, and how the systolic and
diastolic pressures are created.
_____I can identify at least 3 circulatory system disorders and
describe how they are treated.
_____ I can identify the major risk factors that increase a person’s
likelihood of having a heart attack or a stroke.
Respiration
Chapter 7
_____ I can identify and describe the function of the principal
structures of the respiratory system including the nasal passages,
pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli,
diaphragm, rib muscles, and pleural membranes.
_____ I can explain the role that air pressure plays in inhalation and
exhalation as it relates to the diaphragm and intercostals muscles.
_____ I can explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the
alveolar membranes into the body’s capillaries along their
concentration gradients.
_____ I can identify the terminology used to describe lung volumes,
particularly tidal volume and vital capacity.
_____ I can identify at least 2 respiratory diseases and describe
technologies used to treat the conditions.
Excretion
Chapter 9
_____ I can identify and describe the function of the principal
structures in the excretory system; i.e. kidneys, ureters, urinary
bladder, urethra
_____ I can identify and describe the function of the major structures
of the nephron, including the glomerulus, the Bowman’s capsule, the
proximal and distal tubules, the loop of Henle, the collecting duct, the
afferent and efferent arterioles, and the capillary “net”.
_____ I can describe how the kidney helps to maintain water balance
within the human body.
_____ I can describe how the kidney help the blood to maintain
essential nutrients such as glucose, sodium, potassium and eliminate
wastes such as urea.
_____ I can describe the origins of urea and explain what it means to
be a “metabolic waste product”
_____ I can identify the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and
aldosterone in water and sodium ion reabsorption in the kidney and
how both of these hormones affect blood pressure.
_____ I can explain how a damaged kidney would increase blood
pressure, or the effects that increased blood pressure would have on
the kidney.
______ I ca explain the use of dialysis to treat people with kidney
disorders.
Muscles and Skeletal System
Chapter 10
_____ I can explain the usefulness of skeletal and smooth muscle in
the digestive system.
_____ I can describe the interaction between actin and myosin as it
relates to muscle movement.
_____ I understand how muscles help to maintain body temperature
(2nd law of thermodynamics).
Other Skills
_____ I can identify the manipulated and responding variables in an
experiment.
_____ I can identify the control and it’s purpose in a scientific
experiment.
_____ I can draw and label a graph with all of it’s components,
including title, axis labels, appropriate scale.
_____ I know that the responding variable is always on the y-axis of a
graph while the manipulated variable is on the x-axis.