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HN Unit 2 History Lecture Outline
Textbook Chapter 3 pgs 66-82 and Chapter 5 section 1
I. ORIGINS OF ATOMIC THEORY
1. The most prominent Greek philosophers regarding atomic theory were…
2. Ancient Greeks thought 4 elements were…
3. What did Democritus say about atoms? Was he correct?
4. Summarize the 4 postulates of John Dalton’s theory
a.
b.
c.
d.
5. Which letters, from question 4, are correct? Incorrect?
6. Explain the Law of Conservation of Mass.
7. Name, explain, and give an example of Proust’s law.
8. What law did Dalton formulate? Explain, using an example, how the law works.
II. Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons: A Historical Perspective
1. The types of electric particles were named…
2. Becquerel is credited with discovering …
3. Marie Curie isolated…
4. What are the 3 types of radiation? What are there symbols? Charges and Masses?
Danger levels?
5. What is electrolysis and what was it used to discover?
6. J.J. Thomson did a famous experiment using …
7. How did Thomson prove the charge of the particle?
8. What did Thomson nickname his model of the atom?
9. Millikan did a famous experiment called the…
10. The oil drop experiment was used to determine...
• The _____________ of an electron
• And then later
• The _____________ of the electron
11. What was used to discover protons?
12. Who discovered neutrons? Why did it take so much longer than the proton and electron to
discover?
13. How did Rutherford test Thomson’s model (name of experiment).
14. What did Rutherford expect to prove?
15. What did he prove?
16. Nickname?
III. Atomic Structure
1. Describe the location of each type of particle within the atom.
IV. Atomic Number and the mass of an atom
1. Define the atomic number…
2. Define the relative atomic mass…
3. Explain what is meant by the following:
A
X
Z
4. What does the amu represent (abbreviation and definition)?
5. The mass number is...
6. Complete the following:
Element
# of protons
15
# of electrons
# of neutrons
16
5
Atomic Number Mass Number
5
Ca
41
13
14
V. Isotopes
1. What things are the same in isotopes for a particular atom?
2. What is different?
VI. Atomic Weight
1. What is the average atomic mass?
2. What two quantities are required to calculate the avg. atomic mass?
3. The 3 “steps” for determining the average atomic mass are:
EX: Naturally occurring chromium consists of four isotopes. IT is 4.31 % Cr-50 of mass 49.946
amu; 83.76 % Cr-52 of mass 51.941 amu; 9.55 % Cr-53 of mass 52.941 amu; and 2.38 % Cr-54 of
mass 53.939 amu. Calculate the average atomic mass of chromium.
VII. The Periodic Table
1. Groups are arranged in which direction?
2. Periods are arranged in which direction?
3. How many (total) groups are on the periodic table?
4. How many (total) periods are on the periodic table?
5. Metals are found on which side of the periodic table?
6. Are there more metals or nonmetals?
7. What are metalloids and where are they located?
8. Name the person who developed the periodic table?
9. What was the most important feature of his design?
10. In what order did he arrange the elements?
11. In 1913, this person made a correction to the table. Name the person and the correction.
12. State the Law of Chemical Periodicity.
VIII. The elements, their chemistry, and the periodic table
1. What is the name for the Group 1 elements?
2. What are some characteristics of Group 1 elements?
3. What is the name for Group 2 elements?
4. What are some characteristics of Group 2 elements?
5. What are the group numbers for the transition metals?
6. What are some characteristics of transition metals?
7. What are the names of the two rows on the bottom of the table?
8. What are some characteristics of Group 13 elements?
9. What are some characteristics of Group 14 elements?
10. What is an allotropes?
11. When and where were “buckyballs” discovered?
12. What is it made from?
13. What is the full name of the molecule and who is it named for?
14. What are the 3 forms of carbon?
15. What are some characteristics of Group 15 elements?
16. What are some characteristics of Group 16 elements?
17. What is the family name of Group 16?
18. What is the family name for Group 17?
19. What are some of the characteristics of Group 17 elements?
20. What is the family name for Group 18?
21. What are some characteristics of Group 18 elements?
22. What 4 elements account for most of the mass in the human body?