Download Chemical Reaction - Northview Middle School

Vocabulary #1 Science Processes
Vocabulary #1 Science Processes
Scientific Method – a series of organized steps that scientists use
as a guide for answering a question
Scientific Method – a series of organized steps that scientists use
as a guide for answering a question
Hypothesis – a possible explanation to a question based on what
is known and observed. The explanation MUST be testable.
Hypothesis – a possible explanation to a question based on what
is known and observed. The explanation MUST be testable.
Observation – a part of the scientific method that uses the senses
to gather information
Observation – a part of the scientific method that uses the senses
to gather information
Inference – to make a deduction or assumption based on preexperimental observations
Inference – to make a deduction or assumption based on preexperimental observations
Independent Variable – the experimental variable that is changed
Independent Variable – the experimental variable that is changed
Dependent Variable – the experimental variable that changes as a
result of the independent variable
Dependent Variable – the experimental variable that changes as a
result of the independent variable
Constant – a variable in an experiment that does not change
Constant – a variable in an experiment that does not change
Control – the part of an experiment where no variables are
changed
Control – the part of an experiment where no variables are
changed
Analysis – the reviewing of all experimentation data and identifying Analysis – the reviewing of all experimentation data and identifying
patterns, trends or relationships
patterns, trends or relationships
Conclusion – a statement made after the experiment is tested,
analyzed and the observations are made
Conclusion – a statement made after the experiment is tested,
analyzed and the observations are made
Mass – A measure of how much matter is in an object
Mass – A measure of how much matter is in an object
Volume - The amount of space an object occupies
Volume - The amount of space an object occupies
Vocabulary #2 Properties of Matter
Vocabulary #2 Properties of Matter
Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space
Physical Properties – a characteristic of matter such as size,
shape, or state that can be observed and measured
Physical Properties – a characteristic of matter such as size,
shape, or state that can be observed and measured
Chemical Properties – the properties of a substance that can be
Chemical Properties – the properties of a substance that can be
used to identify it and that describes how the substance reacts with used to identify it and that describes how the substance reacts with
other substances resulting in a new substance
other substances resulting in a new substance
Density – a physical property that describes the mass per unit
volume of a substance
Density – a physical property that describes the mass per unit
volume of a substance
Solubility – the measure of how much substance dissolves in a
given amount of another substance
Solubility – the measure of how much substance dissolves in a
given amount of another substance
Melting Point – the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Melting Point – the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Boiling Point – the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas
Boiling Point – the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas
States of Matter – solid, liquid and gas
States of Matter – solid, liquid and gas
Chemical Change – a change in a substance that results in a
different kind of substance and that cannot be reversed
Chemical Change – a change in a substance that results in a
different kind of substance and that cannot be reversed
Physical Change – a change in the property of a substance that
does not create a new kind of matter
Physical Change – a change in the property of a substance that
does not create a new kind of matter
Precipitate – a solid that forms from a chemical reaction that takes
place in a solution
Precipitate – a solid that forms from a chemical reaction that takes
place in a solution
Vocabulary #3 Atoms & Elements
Vocabulary #3 Atoms & Elements
Atom – the smallest particle of an element that still has the
properties of that element
Atom – the smallest particle of an element that still has the
properties of that element
Protons – the positively charged particles located in the atom’s
nucleus, (have mass)
Protons – the positively charged particles located in the atom’s
nucleus, (have mass)
Electrons – the negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of Electrons – the negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of
the atom making up the electron cloud (almost no mass)
the atom making up the electron cloud (almost no mass)
Neutrons – the neutral (no charge) particles located in the atom’s
nucleus, (have mass)
Neutrons – the neutral (no charge) particles located in the atom’s
nucleus, (have mass)
Element – a form of matter made up of only one kind of atom
Element – a form of matter made up of only one kind of atom
Compound – a substance produced when elements combine and
whose properties are different from each of the elements in it
Compound – a substance produced when elements combine and
whose properties are different from each of the elements in it
Mixture – a combination of compounds and elements that has not
formed a new substance and whose proportions can be changed
without changing the mixture’s identity
Mixture – a combination of compounds and elements that has not
formed a new substance and whose proportions can be changed
without changing the mixture’s identity
Molecule - The smallest particle of a substance that retains the
chemical and physical properties of the substance
Molecule - The smallest particle of a substance that retains the
chemical and physical properties of the substance
Substance (pure) – matter that has the same properties and
composition throughout
Substance (pure) – matter that has the same properties and
composition throughout
Atomic Number – number of protons in the nucleus of each atom
of a given element
Atomic Number – number of protons in the nucleus of each atom
of a given element
Atomic Mass – average mass of an atom of an element
Atomic Mass – average mass of an atom of an element
Vocabulary #4 Periodic Table
Vocabulary #4 Periodic Table
Metals – elements that are malleable, ductile, good conductors of
electricity, and generally have a shiny or metallic luster
Metals – elements that are malleable, ductile, good conductors of
electricity, and generally have a shiny or metallic luster
Nonmetals- element that is usually a gas or a brittle solid at room
temperature and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
Nonmetals- element that is usually a gas or a brittle solid at room
temperature and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
Metalloids – elements that share some properties with both metals Metalloids – elements that share some properties with both metals
and nonmetals
and nonmetals
Ductile - the ability of a metal to be drawn, stretched, or formed
without breaking
Ductile - the ability of a metal to be drawn, stretched, or formed
without breaking
Malleable - the ability of a metal to be shaped or formed, as by
hammering or pressure
Malleable - the ability of a metal to be shaped or formed, as by
hammering or pressure
Insulator – a substance that does not easily transfer heat or
electricity
Insulator – a substance that does not easily transfer heat or
electricity
Conductor – a substance that easily transfers heat or electricity
Conductor – a substance that easily transfers heat or electricity
Periodic Table - a table in which elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number
Periodic Table - a table in which elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number
Group- family of elements in the periodic table that have similar
physical and/or chemical properties
Group- family of elements in the periodic table that have similar
physical and/or chemical properties
Period – horizontal row of elements in the periodic table whose
properties change gradually and predictably
Period – horizontal row of elements in the periodic table whose
properties change gradually and predictably
Valence Electrons - an electron in the outer shell of an atom which Valence Electrons - an electron in the outer shell of an atom which
can combine with other atoms to form molecules
can combine with other atoms to form molecules
Vocabulary #5 Chemical Reactions
Vocabulary #5 Chemical Reactions
Law of Conservation – states that the mass of the
Law of Conservation – states that the mass of the
products of a chemical change is always the same as the products of a chemical change is always the same as the
mass of the reactants
mass of the reactants
Chemical Reaction – process that produces chemical
Chemical Reaction – process that produces chemical
change, resulting in new substances that have properties change, resulting in new substances that have properties
different from those of the original substances
different from those of the original substances
Chemical Equation – shorthand form of writing what
reactants are used and what products are formed in a
chemical reaction
Chemical Equation – shorthand form of writing what
reactants are used and what products are formed in a
chemical reaction
Coefficient - A number or symbol multiplied with a
variable (in a chemical equation)
Coefficient - A number or symbol multiplied with a
variable (in a chemical equation)
Subscript – a number after and slightly below an element Subscript – a number after and slightly below an element
in a chemical formula (in H20, “2” is a subscript)
in a chemical formula (in H20, “2” is a subscript)
Reactant – substance that exists before a chemical
reaction begins
Reactant – substance that exists before a chemical
reaction begins
Product – substance that forms as a result of a chemical
reaction
Product – substance that forms as a result of a chemical
reaction
Endothermic – chemical reaction in which thermal energy Endothermic – chemical reaction in which thermal energy
is absorbed
is absorbed
Exothermic – chemical reaction in which thermal energy
is released
Exothermic – chemical reaction in which thermal energy
is released
Vocabulary # 6 Hydrosphere
Vocabulary # 6 Hydrosphere
Universal Solvent – water is called the “universal solvent” because it dissolves
more substances than any other solvent
Universal Solvent – water is called the “universal solvent” because it dissolves
more substances than any other solvent
Polarity – the separation of electric charge leading a molecule to have a positive
and negative part
Polarity – the separation of electric charge leading a molecule to have a positive
and negative part
Cohesion – the force that causes molecules to stick to like molecules
Cohesion – the force that causes molecules to stick to like molecules
Adhesion – the force that causes molecules to stick to different molecules
Adhesion – the force that causes molecules to stick to different molecules
Surface Tension – the elastic like force existing on the surface of a body,
especially a liquid
Surface Tension – the elastic like force existing on the surface of a body,
especially a liquid
Density (H2O) – 1 g/ml
Density (H2O) – 1 g/ml
Specific Heat – amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a
substance by 1° C
Specific Heat – amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a
substance by 1° C
River Basin – the land that water flows across or under on its way to a river
River Basin – the land that water flows across or under on its way to a river
Watershed – all the land where water drains from streams to a river. Many
watersheds make a river basin.
Watershed – all the land where water drains from streams to a river. Many
watersheds make a river basin.
Hydrosphere – all the water on, above and under the Earth’s surface
Hydrosphere – all the water on, above and under the Earth’s surface
Surface Water – water found at Earth’s surface
Surface Water – water found at Earth’s surface
Ground Water – the water found in cracks and pores in sand, gravel and rocks
below the Earth’s surface
Ground Water – the water found in cracks and pores in sand, gravel and rocks
below the Earth’s surface
Aquifer – a porous rock layer underground that is a reservoir for water and that
can yield usable groundwater
Aquifer – a porous rock layer underground that is a reservoir for water and that
can yield usable groundwater
Transpiration – the part of the water cycle by which water vapor is released into
the air by green plants
Transpiration – the part of the water cycle by which water vapor is released into
the air by green plants
Infiltration – a part of the water cycle in which water filters slowly into porous
sand or rock
Infiltration – a part of the water cycle in which water filters slowly into porous
sand or rock
Vocabulary #7 Marine Ecosystems
Vocabulary #7 Marine Ecosystems
Estuaries – areas where freshwater mixes with salt water Estuaries – areas where freshwater mixes with salt water
Marine Ecosystems – an ocean community of organisms Marine Ecosystems – an ocean community of organisms
and the non-living factors that affect them
and the non-living factors that affect them
Upwelling – the movement of cold, nutrient rich waters
from the deep ocean into shallow areas
Upwelling – the movement of cold, nutrient rich waters
from the deep ocean into shallow areas
Photosynthesis – that process that plants use to make
food in which carbon dioxide and water are changed to
sugar and oxygen in the presence of sunlight.
Photosynthesis – that process that plants use to make
food in which carbon dioxide and water are changed to
sugar and oxygen in the presence of sunlight.
Chemosynthesis – organisms that use sulfur and
nitrogen compounds to produce food in the absence of
sunlight
Chemosynthesis – organisms that use sulfur and
nitrogen compounds to produce food in the absence of
sunlight
Hydrothermal Vent – a crack in the ocean crust that
releases mineral rich water that has been heated by the
Earth’s interior
Hydrothermal Vent – a crack in the ocean crust that
releases mineral rich water that has been heated by the
Earth’s interior
Salinity – the concentration of salts in a liquid such as
water
Salinity – the concentration of salts in a liquid such as
water
Nekton – marine animals that can actively swim
Nekton – marine animals that can actively swim
Benthos – marine plants and animals that live on or in
the ocean floor
Benthos – marine plants and animals that live on or in
the ocean floor
Plankton – marine organisms that float in ocean currents Plankton – marine organisms that float in ocean currents
Vocabulary 8 Water Treatment
Vocabulary 8 Water Treatment
pH –a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, from 1-14, 7 is neutral
pH –a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, from 1-14, 7 is neutral
Nitrates – an inorganic compound composed of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of
oxygen, used in fertilizer
Nitrates – an inorganic compound composed of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of
oxygen, used in fertilizer
Phosphates – an inorganic compound composed of one atom of phosphorus and four
atoms of oxygen, used in fertilizer
Phosphates – an inorganic compound composed of one atom of phosphorus and four
atoms of oxygen, used in fertilizer
Turbidity – The measure of cloudiness in water, as the result of suspended particles or
phytoplankton
Turbidity – The measure of cloudiness in water, as the result of suspended particles or
phytoplankton
Bio-indicator – are species used to monitor the health of an environment or ecosystem
Bio-indicator – are species used to monitor the health of an environment or ecosystem
Temperature – the amount of heat in a substance or object
Temperature – the amount of heat in a substance or object
Dissolved Oxygen – the amount of oxygen in a liquid sample
Dissolved Oxygen – the amount of oxygen in a liquid sample
Sewage – waste water and excrement
Sewage – waste water and excrement
Eutrophication – natural process that eventually turns a lake into dry land over time
through an increase in sediment, nutrients and organisms.
Eutrophication – natural process that eventually turns a lake into dry land over time
through an increase in sediment, nutrients and organisms.
Point Source – pollution that enters the water from a specific location and can be
controlled or treated before it enters a body of water
Point Source – pollution that enters the water from a specific location and can be
controlled or treated before it enters a body of water
Non-point Source – pollution that enters water from a large area and cannot be traced to
a single location
Non-point Source – pollution that enters water from a large area and cannot be traced to
a single location
Pollution – introduction of wastes to the environment, such as sewage and chemicals that Pollution – introduction of wastes to the environment, such as sewage and chemicals that
can damage organisms
can damage organisms
Water Quality – physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water
Water Quality – physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water
Pesticides – substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to
cultivated plants or to animals
Pesticides – substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to
cultivated plants or to animals
Herbicides – substance that is toxic to plants and is used to destroy unwanted vegetation
Herbicides – substance that is toxic to plants and is used to destroy unwanted vegetation
Stewardship – the responsibility for environmental quality shared by all those whose
actions affect the environment
Stewardship – the responsibility for environmental quality shared by all those whose
actions affect the environment
Water Treatment - describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for
use, such as drinking
Water Treatment - describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for
use, such as drinking
Vocabulary # 9 Ecosystems
Vocabulary # 9 Ecosystems
Producers – an organism that can make its own food through
photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Producers – an organism that can make its own food through
photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Consumers- organism that gets its energy from eating other
organisms
Consumers- organism that gets its energy from eating other
organisms
Decomposers – organism that breaks down tissue and releases
nutrients back into the ecosystem
Decomposers – organism that breaks down tissue and releases
nutrients back into the ecosystem
Abiotic Factor- any non-living part of the environment such as
water, temperature, sunlight, air and soil that are factors that
influence the living parts of the environment
Abiotic Factor- any non-living part of the environment such as
water, temperature, sunlight, air and soil that are factors that
influence the living parts of the environment
Biotic Factor – any living or once-living organism in the
environment
Biotic Factor – any living or once-living organism in the
environment
Habitat- the place where an organism lives
Habitat- the place where an organism lives
Limiting Factor- any abiotic or biotic factor that limits the number of Limiting Factor- any abiotic or biotic factor that limits the number of
individual organisms in a population
individual organisms in a population
Ecosystem – all the communities of organisms in an area and the
abiotic factors they interact with
Ecosystem – all the communities of organisms in an area and the
abiotic factors they interact with
Community – the populations of different organisms that interact in Community – the populations of different organisms that interact in
the same area
the same area
Population- all the individuals of one species that live in the same
area
Population- all the individuals of one species that live in the same
area
Species- group of organisms that reproduces only with other
members of the same group
Species- group of organisms that reproduces only with other
members of the same group
Population Density- number of individuals in a population that
occupies an area of limited size
Population Density- number of individuals in a population that
occupies an area of limited size
Vocabulary #10 Interactions of Organisms
Vocabulary #10 Interactions of Organisms
Symbiotic Relationship – a close interaction between two or more different
species
Symbiotic Relationship – a close interaction between two or more different
species
Mutualism – a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
Mutualism – a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
Parasitism – a symbiotic relationship between two species in which one species
is harmed
Parasitism – a symbiotic relationship between two species in which one species
is harmed
Commensalism – a symbiotic relationship that benefits one organism without
affecting the other organism
Commensalism – a symbiotic relationship that benefits one organism without
affecting the other organism
Predation – the act of one organism hunting, killing and feeding on another
organism
Predation – the act of one organism hunting, killing and feeding on another
organism
Competition – relationship between members of the same or different species
interacting to acquire limited resources
Competition – relationship between members of the same or different species
interacting to acquire limited resources
Food Web – model that describes how energy from food moves through a
community; a series of overlapping food chains
Food Web – model that describes how energy from food moves through a
community; a series of overlapping food chains
Aquatic Food Chain – a model describing the flow of food energy through an
aquatic (water) community
Aquatic Food Chain – a model describing the flow of food energy through an
aquatic (water) community
Terrestrial Food Chain – a model describing the flow of food energy through a
terrestrial (land) community
Terrestrial Food Chain – a model describing the flow of food energy through a
terrestrial (land) community
Nitrogen Cycle - the movement and exchange of nitrogen atoms through living
and nonliving parts of the environment
Nitrogen Cycle - the movement and exchange of nitrogen atoms through living
and nonliving parts of the environment
Carbon Cycle – the movement and exchange of carbon atoms through living
and nonliving parts of the environment
Carbon Cycle – the movement and exchange of carbon atoms through living
and nonliving parts of the environment
Autotroph - organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in
chemical compounds to make their own food
Autotroph - organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in
chemical compounds to make their own food
Heterotroph – organisms that cannot make their own food, and get their energy
from consuming other organisms
Heterotroph – organisms that cannot make their own food, and get their energy
from consuming other organisms
Ecological Pyramids - A representation in the shape of a pyramid to show the
feeding relationship of groups of organisms, and the flow of energy in an
ecosystem.
Ecological Pyramids - A representation in the shape of a pyramid to show the
feeding relationship of groups of organisms, and the flow of energy in an
ecosystem.
Vocabulary #11 Energy
Vocabulary #11 Energy
Energy - the capacity of a physical system to do work
Energy - the capacity of a physical system to do work
Solar – renewable energy source that uses the sun to
generate electricity
Solar – renewable energy source that uses the sun to
generate electricity
Wind- renewable energy source that uses wind power to
generate electricity
Wind- renewable energy source that uses wind power to
generate electricity
Hydroelectric –renewable energy source that uses water
power and gravity to create electricity
Hydroelectric –renewable energy source that uses water
power and gravity to create electricity
Geothermal – renewable energy from the heat in the
interior of the earth
Geothermal – renewable energy from the heat in the
interior of the earth
Biomass – renewable energy source that can be burned
and used as a source of fuel
Biomass – renewable energy source that can be burned
and used as a source of fuel
Nuclear energy - The energy released by the nucleus of
an atom as the result of nuclear fission or nuclear fusion
Nuclear energy - The energy released by the nucleus of
an atom as the result of nuclear fission or nuclear fusion
Renewable - energy sources that do not deplete, and are Renewable - energy sources that do not deplete, and are
available indefinitely
available indefinitely
Nonrenewable – energy sources that will eventually run
out and are not replaceable
Nonrenewable – energy sources that will eventually run
out and are not replaceable
Energy Conservation – reducing the amount of energy
used
Energy Conservation – reducing the amount of energy
used
Fossil Fuels - energy sources from the decomposition of
organisms millions of years ago
Fossil Fuels - energy sources from the decomposition of
organisms millions of years ago
Vocabulary #12 Geologic Time
Vocabulary #12 Geologic Time
Fossils – remains, imprints, or traces of prehistoric
organisms that can tell when and where organisms once
lived and how they lived
Fossils – remains, imprints, or traces of prehistoric
organisms that can tell when and where organisms once
lived and how they lived
Geologic Time Scale – division in Earth’s history into time Geologic Time Scale – division in Earth’s history into time
units based on the types of life-forms that lived only
units based on the types of life-forms that lived only
during certain periods
during certain periods
Precambrian Era – longest part of Earth’s history, lasting Precambrian Era – longest part of Earth’s history, lasting
from 4 billion years ago to 544 million years ago
from 4 billion years ago to 544 million years ago
Paleozoic Era – era of ancient life, which began about
544 million years ago, when organisms developed hard
parts, and ended with mass extinctions about 245 million
years ago
Paleozoic Era – era of ancient life, which began about
544 million years ago, when organisms developed hard
parts, and ended with mass extinctions about 245 million
years ago
Mesozoic Era – middles era of Earth’s history, during
Mesozoic Era – middles era of Earth’s history, during
which Pangaea broke apart, dinosaurs appeared, and
which Pangaea broke apart, dinosaurs appeared, and
reptiles and gymnosperms were dominant land life-forms reptiles and gymnosperms were dominant land life-forms
Cenozoic Era – era of recent life that began about 66
million years ago and continues today
Cenozoic Era – era of recent life that began about 66
million years ago and continues today
Fossil Record - the collective group of all fossils already
discovered
Fossil Record - the collective group of all fossils already
discovered
Extinction - no longer in existence, no members of the
species still living
Extinction - no longer in existence, no members of the
species still living
Vocabulary #13 Geologic Layers
Vocabulary #13 Geologic Layers
Relative Age – the age of something compared to other things
Relative Age – the age of something compared to other things
Law of Superposition – states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest
rocks are on the bottom and become progressively younger towards the
top
Law of Superposition – states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest
rocks are on the bottom and become progressively younger towards the
top
Index Fossils – remains of a species that existed on Earth for a relatively Index Fossils – remains of a species that existed on Earth for a relatively
short period of time, were abundant and geographically widespread, and short period of time, were abundant and geographically widespread, and
can be used by geologists to assign ages to rock layers
can be used by geologists to assign ages to rock layers
Trilobites – organism with a three-lobed exoskeleton that was abundant
in Paleozoic oceans and is considered an index fossil
Trilobites – organism with a three-lobed exoskeleton that was abundant
in Paleozoic oceans and is considered an index fossil
Ice Cores - a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet,
most commonly from polar ice
Ice Cores - a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet,
most commonly from polar ice
Fault – a crack in the Earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one Fault – a crack in the Earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one
side with respect to the other
side with respect to the other
Rock Cycle - a continuous process by which rocks are created and
changed from one form to another
Rock Cycle - a continuous process by which rocks are created and
changed from one form to another
Absolute Age – age, in years, of a rock or other object; can be
determined using properties of the atoms that make up the object
Absolute Age – age, in years, of a rock or other object; can be
determined using properties of the atoms that make up the object
Half-Life – time it takes for half the atoms of an isotope to decay
Half-Life – time it takes for half the atoms of an isotope to decay
Radioactive Dating – process used to calculate the absolute age of rock
by measuring the ratio of parent isotope to daughter product in a mineral
and knowing the half-life of the parent.
Radioactive Dating – process used to calculate the absolute age of rock
by measuring the ratio of parent isotope to daughter product in a mineral
and knowing the half-life of the parent.
Unconformity – a discontinuity in rock layers indicating layers
were deposited at different times, usually due to erosion
Unconformity – a discontinuity in rock layers indicating layers
were deposited at different times, usually due to erosion
Vocabulary 14 Evolution
Vocabulary 14 Evolution
Biological Evolution - is the change in the inherited traits of a population
of organisms
Biological Evolution - is the change in the inherited traits of a population
of organisms
Natural Selection – process by which organisms that are better suited to
an environment are better able to survive and reproduce than organisms
that are not
Natural Selection – process by which organisms that are better suited to
an environment are better able to survive and reproduce than organisms
that are not
Adaptation - adjustment to environmental conditions
Adaptation - adjustment to environmental conditions
Genetic Variation – the differences that exist between members of the
same species
Genetic Variation – the differences that exist between members of the
same species
Mutation - a change of the DNA sequence within a gene or chromosome
of an
Mutation - a change of the DNA sequence within a gene or chromosome
of an
Species - group of organisms that reproduces only with other members
of the same group
Species - group of organisms that reproduces only with other members
of the same group
Taxonomy - biological classification that helps precisely describe
organism, and helps show relation between organism, living and extinct
Taxonomy - biological classification that helps precisely describe
organism, and helps show relation between organism, living and extinct
Biodiversity - the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem
Biodiversity - the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem
Analogous structures - equivalent structures in different organisms that
do not come from a common ancestor, but perform the same function
Analogous structures - equivalent structures in different organisms that
do not come from a common ancestor, but perform the same function
Homologous structures - the same part in different organisms in a
variety of shapes and forms, showing a degree of relation between
organisms
Homologous structures - the same part in different organisms in a
variety of shapes and forms, showing a degree of relation between
organisms
Anatomy – the stdy of the bodily structure of humans, animals and other
organisms
Anatomy – the stdy of the bodily structure of humans, animals and other
organisms
Vestigial Structures – a structure or organ (body part) that is either
smaller in size or has no use left over from evolution
Vestigial Structures – a structure or organ (body part) that is either
smaller in size or has no use left over from evolution
Embryology – the studies of embryos and their development
Embryology – the studies of embryos and their development
Vocabulary 15 Microbes
Vocabulary 15 Microbes
Microbe - microorganism
Microbe - microorganism
Pathogen - bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can
cause disease
Pathogen - bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can
cause disease
Virus - strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein
coating that can infect and multiply in a host cell
Virus - strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein
coating that can infect and multiply in a host cell
Host Cell - living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in
which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli
Host Cell - living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in
which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli
Bacteria - very small, usually unicellular organisms, lacking
chlorophyll
Bacteria - very small, usually unicellular organisms, lacking
chlorophyll
Fungi - members of the kingdom Fungi, including molds,
mushrooms and some types of slime
Fungi - members of the kingdom Fungi, including molds,
mushrooms and some types of slime
Parasite - an organism that lives on or in an organism of another
species and negatively affects the hosts’ health
Parasite - an organism that lives on or in an organism of another
species and negatively affects the hosts’ health
Protist - free-living or colonial organisms with a variety of
reproductive and feeding methods
Protist - free-living or colonial organisms with a variety of
reproductive and feeding methods
Protozoa - comprises the single-celled microscopic animals, which Protozoa - comprises the single-celled microscopic animals, which
include amoebas, flagellates, and ciliates; some can cause
include amoebas, flagellates, and ciliates; some can cause
disease
disease
Algae - simple nonflowering plant of a large group that includes the Algae - simple nonflowering plant of a large group that includes the
seaweeds and many single-celled forms; contain chlorophyll
seaweeds and many single-celled forms; contain chlorophyll
Mutant - an organism that has characteristics resulting from
chromosomal alteration, a mutation
Mutant - an organism that has characteristics resulting from
chromosomal alteration, a mutation
Vocabulary 16 Treatment of Disease
Vocabulary 16 Treatment of Disease
Epidemic - An outbreak of a disease that affects a
disproportionately large number of individuals within a
population, community or region at the same time
Epidemic - An outbreak of a disease that affects a
disproportionately large number of individuals within a
population, community or region at the same time
Pandemic - An epidemic of an infectious disease that is
spreading through human populations across a large
region, continent or even worldwide
Pandemic - An epidemic of an infectious disease that is
spreading through human populations across a large
region, continent or even worldwide
Antibiotic - a drug that kills or prevents the growth of
bacteria
Antibiotic - a drug that kills or prevents the growth of
bacteria
Vaccine - A form of an antigen that gives you immunity
against a disease
Vaccine - A form of an antigen that gives you immunity
against a disease
Infectious Disease - one that can be passed from one
generation to another.
Infectious Disease - one that can be passed from one
generation to another.
Contagion - the communication of disease by direct or
indirect contact
Contagion - the communication of disease by direct or
indirect contact
Vector - mechanisms that spread disease without getting Vector - mechanisms that spread disease without getting
sick itself
sick itself
Carrier - an organism that transfers disease to another
organism
Carrier - an organism that transfers disease to another
organism
Vocabulary 17 Cell Structure
Vocabulary 17 Cell Structure
Cell membrane – protective outer covering of all cells that
regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment
Cell membrane – protective outer covering of all cells that
regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment
Cell wall – rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the
cells of plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria
Cell wall – rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the
cells of plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria
Nucleus – organelle that controls all the activities of the cell and
contains hereditary material made out of proteins and DNA
Nucleus – organelle that controls all the activities of the cell and
contains hereditary material made out of proteins and DNA
Chloroplast – green, chlorophyll containing, plant-cell organelle
that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and
water
Chloroplast – green, chlorophyll containing, plant-cell organelle
that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and
water
Mitochondria – cell organelle that breaks down food and releases
energy
Mitochondria – cell organelle that breaks down food and releases
energy
Ribosome – small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their
own proteins
Ribosome – small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their
own proteins
Cytoplasm – constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell
membrane that contains hereditary material and is the location of
most of the cell’s life processes
Cytoplasm – constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell
membrane that contains hereditary material and is the location of
most of the cell’s life processes
Prokaryote – cells without membrane bound structures
Prokaryote – cells without membrane bound structures
Eukaryote – cells with membrane bound structures
Eukaryote – cells with membrane bound structures
Mitosis - cell division that results in two daughter cells each the
same as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth
Mitosis - cell division that results in two daughter cells each the
same as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth
Meiosis - A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells
Meiosis - A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells
each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell, typical of each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell, typical of
reproduction
reproduction
Vocabulary 18 Cellular Energy & Body
Health
Vocabulary 18 Cellular Energy & Body
Health
Glucose - the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of
energy for the body's cells
Glucose - the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of
energy for the body's cells
Protein - essential in the diet of animals for the growth and repair of
tissue
Protein - essential in the diet of animals for the growth and repair of
tissue
Sugar - Any of a class of water-soluble crystalline carbohydrates,
including sucrose, lactose, and glucose
Sugar - Any of a class of water-soluble crystalline carbohydrates,
including sucrose, lactose, and glucose
Carbohydrate - Any of a large group of compounds (including sugars,
starch, and cellulose) which contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrate - Any of a large group of compounds (including sugars,
starch, and cellulose) which contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Lipid – organic compounds that contain the same elements as
carbohydrates but in different proportions; fats and oils
Lipid – organic compounds that contain the same elements as
carbohydrates but in different proportions; fats and oils
ATP - adenosine triphosphate, transports chemical energy within cells for ATP - adenosine triphosphate, transports chemical energy within cells for
metabolism
metabolism
Cellular respiration – process by which producers and consumers
release stored energy from food molecules
Cellular respiration – process by which producers and consumers
release stored energy from food molecules
Photosynthesis – process by which plants and many other producers use Photosynthesis – process by which plants and many other producers use
light energy to produce a simple sugar from carbon dioxide and water
light energy to produce a simple sugar from carbon dioxide and water
and give off oxygen
and give off oxygen
Respiration - The act or process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing
Respiration - The act or process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing
Digestion - The process by which food is converted into substances that
can be absorbed and assimilated by the body
Digestion - The process by which food is converted into substances that
can be absorbed and assimilated by the body
Circulation - The continuous motion by which the blood travels through
all parts of the body under the action of the heart
Circulation - The continuous motion by which the blood travels through
all parts of the body under the action of the heart
Metabolism - the total of all chemical reactions in an organism
Metabolism - the total of all chemical reactions in an organism
Homeostasis - the tendency of a system, especially the physiological
system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability
Homeostasis - the tendency of a system, especially the physiological
system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability