Download Category-4 - HSS-High

EOC Biology Prep Reporting Category 4 ­ Biological Processes and Systems
Some questions (c) 2012 by Region 10 Educational Service Center.
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1 Which of the following macromolecules are
4 Which receptors are responsible for
a prominent part of animal connective
humans' night vision? tissue such as cartilage and keratin?
F
rods
A carbohydrates G
fovea centralis
B
lipids
H
cones
C
proteins
J
optic chiasma
D nucleic acids
5 A student leaves an air­conditioned room
2 Which of the following molecules are
and goes outdoors where the temperature
needed for photosynthesis?
is over 100 °F. Which of these BEST
F
light and oxygen
describes how the student's body
G
carbon dioxide and oxygen
H
water and carbon dioxide
J
glucose and oxygen
maintains homeostasis?
A Lungs breathe faster.
B
Muscles increase activity.
C
Blood vessels widen.
D Skin begins to sweat.
3 Which statement accurately describes the
role of key organelles in energy transfer? A Energy is captured and stored in the
nucleus and released in the chloroplast.
B
Energy is captured and stored in the
nucleus and released in the
C
6 Students place a plant in a dark,
windowless closet for two days. Which of
these will help the plant maintain
homeostasis?
mitochondria.
F
growing deeper roots
Energy is captured and stored in the
G
using stored sugars
chloroplast and released in the
H
decreasing stem size
mitochondria.
J
losing all of its leaves
D Energy is captured and stored in the
mitochondria and released in the
chloroplast.
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7 Which of the following is an example of a
9 The hypothalamus sends a signal to the
feedback mechanism that allows an animal
pituitary gland, which releases the hormone
to maintain internal temperature
ADH. The ADH molecules travel through the
homeostasis?
blood to the kidneys. The rate of removal
A a cat hunting
of water from the blood slows in the
B
a dog panting
C
a fish swimming
kidneys. This feedback process was
started by a decrease in the level of —
A water in the blood
D a bird singing
B
water in the kidneys
C
ADH in the hypothalmus
D ADH in the pituitary gland
8 A climber reaches the peak of a 3000­
meter summit. At this altitude, there is less
oxygen for the climber to take in with each
breath. Which of these best describes how
10
When blood sugar levels are high, which
the climber's body maintains homeostasis in
organ converts sugar to glycogen?
this environment?
F
pancreas
F
G
stomach
H
liver
J
gall bladder
The throat expands to allow air to flow
more quickly to the lungs.
G
Airways in the lungs contract to
prevent air from leaving the body.
H
The diaphragm contracts more rapidly
to increase the breathing rate.
J
Heart rate decreases to allow blood to
pass more slowly through the lungs.
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11
Freshwater fish have a salt concentration
13
Panting by dogs helps maintain
in their body fluids of about 1 percent
homeostasis by getting rid of excess —
that they need to maintain, even though
A toxins
the salinity of their environment is nearly
B
heat
likely help freshwater fish maintain
C
salts
homeostasis?
D oxygen
zero. Which of the following would most
A drinking water and excreting salt from
their gills
B
not drinking water and absorbing salt
through their skin
C
drinking water and feeding on fish with
high salt content
D not drinking water and producing a
large volume of dilute urine
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14
Which organ is responsible for maintaining
homeostasis by releasing hormones to
regulate blood glucose?
F
stomach
G
kidney
H
pancreas
J
hypothalamus
In humans, the thyroid gland produces
hormones that help maintain normal heart
rate, blood pressure, and body
temperature. An increase in the level of
thyroid­stimulating hormone (TSH) causes
the release of thyroxine. As the level of
thyroxine increases in the blood, the level
of TSH decreases, which in turn causes a
decrease in the level of thyroxine. In this
feedback system, what will happen next?
F
The TSH level will decrease.
G
The TSH level will increase.
H
The thyroxine level will decrease.
J
The thyroxine level will increase.
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15
Each oval in this Venn diagram represents
17
The trunk of a tree carries out functions
a structure in the human body. The size
that are similar to the functions
and location of each oval show where the
performed by which pair of human body
structure belongs in the levels of
systems?
organization.
A muscular and nervous systems
B
excretory and digestive systems
C
skeletal and circulatory systems D respiratory and endocrine systems
In this figure, oval A represents the
digestive system, and oval C represents
the smooth muscle layer of the stomach.
Which of the following could oval D
represent?
A The cells in the nervous system that
send impulses
B
The excretory system
C
The cells in the stomach that secrete
acids
D The small intestine
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A gardener removes all the pine cones
from a tree. This will interfere with the
function of which system of the tree?
F
reproductive
G
shoot
H
root J
vascular
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18
Which of the following lists the level of
biological organization in order, from least
inclusive to most inclusive?
F
individual, population, community,
ecosystem, biome, biosphere
G
individual, community, ecosystem,
population, biome, biosphere
H
individual, community, population,
ecosystem, biosphere, biome
J
individual, population, ecosystem,
community, biosphere, biome
19
Which sequence of organization is the
same as that of carbon dioxide, the
blood, and the heart?
A eggs, sperm, zygote
B
proteins, esophagus, stomach
C
oxygen, stomata, plant
D water, phloem, leaf
20
Which of the following represents the
same level of organization as the human
heart?
F
chloroplast
G
blood
H
nerve Cell
J
root
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21
What term best completes the diagram at X?
A DNA
B
organic compounds
C
nucleus
D macromolecules
22
Multi­cellular organisms have structures
that are arranged in increasing levels of
complexity. Which of these places these
levels of organization in the correct order,
from least complex to most complex?
F
organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
G
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
H
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
J
cells, organs, tissues, organ systems
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23
Which of the following shows the
sequence of levels of organization that
are shown in the
illustration above?
A tissue, cell, organ system, organ
B
cell, tissue, organ, organ system
C
cell, organ, organ system, tissue
D tissue, organ, cell, organ system
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24
What does this diagram represent?
F
phylogenetic tree
G
levels of organization in living things
H
cladogram
J
dichotomous key Page 10
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25
Which systems work together to provide protection for the body with the systems shown in the
diagram above?
A muscular, immune and nervous systems
B
integumentary, excretory and muscular systems
C
circulatory, skeletal and digestive systems
D circulatory, immune and integumentary systems
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26
Which of these best identifies the system that interrelates all of the other systems in
maintaining homeostasis?
27
F
System A
G
System B
H
System C
J
System D
The plant structure that transports water
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The plant structure that transports
and minerals up from the roots is ­
sugars down from leaves is —
A xylem
F
xylem
B
phloem
G
phloem
C
cuticle H
epidermis
J
stomata
D stomata
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29
The outer single­layer group of cells
The epidermal cells and cuticle of a plant
covering a plant is the —
leaf have a function that is similar to
A vascular tissue
which of the following human organ
B
cambium cells
C
circulatory tissue
D epidermis
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systems?
F
circulatory
G
skeletal
H
nervous
J
integumentary
Which of the following structures is an
opening on the underside of a leaf that is
necessary for gas exchange?
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F
stoma
G
epidermis
H
shoot
J
cuticle
Xylem cells link together to form plant
tissue. This type of tissue has more than
one function. One of its functions is to
transport water and minerals from roots
to leaves. The other function is similar to
which of the following human systems?
A skeletal system
B
digestive system
C
muscular system
D excretory system
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Which interrelated system does the
system pictured here, rely on for the
transport digested food molecules?
A endocrine
B
excretory
C
circulatory
D integumentary
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34
What role does the integumentary system play in the homeostasis process shared by these
three systems?
F
dilation of blood vessels
G
sweat gland secretions
H
increase insulin release
J
increase of heartrate Page 15
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35
The function of this feedback loop would best be described as maintaining
A blood pressure.
B
water balance.
C
blood sugar levels.
D body temperature.
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36
The diagram above represents a feedback loop and shows the body's response to­ oscillations
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F
blood glucose oscillations
G
pathogenic attack
H
neurochemical action
J
hormone recycling
The human immune system is responsible
for finding and neutralizing foreign
substances in the body. Which system is
most responsible for ensuring that the
immune system can swiftly reach any
foreign substances in the body?
A circulatory
B
endocrine
C
excretory
D nervous
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39
Which of these is an example of how the
endocrine and excretory systems
interact?
A Glucose is stored by the liver when
blood sugar levels rise.
B
Sweat evaporates from the sweat
glands when the body overheats.
C
Urine production decreases when
there is a shortage of water in the
body.
D Blood pressure rises when a person
climbs up a flight of stairs.
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The thyroid gland produces a hormone
that controls the rate at which cells use
energy. Which system does the thyroid
gland use to communicate information to
the cells of the body? F
circulatory
G
muscular
H
nervous
J
respiratory Which interrelated system does this one
rely on to carry its chemical messages to
target cells?
F
skeletal
G
excretory
H
circulatory
J
integumentary
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41
The human reproductive system produces
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the eggs and sperm used in sexual
reproduction. Which system is most
responsible for controlling the
development and function of the
reproductive system?
A endocrine
B
excretory
C
immune
D nerous
42
The "fight or flight" response is a
mechanism designed to prepare a person
for immediate action against a perceived
threat. Which of these best describes the
role of body systems in this response?
F
The endocrine system releases
hormones, which the circulatory
system carries to muscles.
G
H
glands, which release hormones to
This system performs a cleansing
excite the circulatory system.
function. Which interrelated system does
The heart beats faster, which supplies
it assist?
muscles with energy needed to
A endocrine
stimulate endocrine glands.
J
The muscles squeeze endocrine
The blood pressure rises, which
signals endocrine glands and muscles
to conserve hormones and energy.
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B
excretory
C
cirulatory
D integumenary
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44
During inhalation, the diaphragm —
F
contracts and moves down
G
contracts and raises up
H
relaxes and moves down
J
relaxes and raises up
47
The structure in the circulatory system
that is responsible for nutrient and gas
exchange is — A heart
B
artery
C
vein
D capillary
45
You are watching a scary movie. The
scene is intense and you force yourself to
keep watching and not hide your eyes.
48
After John’s grandfather had a stroke, he
Suddenly the cat knocks over a glass
sometimes became confused and could
making a loud shattering noise! You
not think clearly. With therapy he got
scream and jump up, ready to run or
better and showed few effects of the
defend yourself as best you can! Your
brain injury. From his symptoms, which
heart is pounding! Which of the labeled
structure was most likely the area where
structures is responsible for your
his stroke occurred?
reaction? F
Structure A
A Structure II
G
Structure B
B
Structure III
H
Structure C
C
Structure IV
J
Structure D
D Structure V
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46
Bobby is one of those people that never
Which organ in plants is most like the
seems to gain weight no matter how
human system shown?
much she eats. BMR (Basic Metabolic
F
leaf
Rate) testing confirmed she burned
G
root H
stem
process?
J
flower
A Structure II
calories at a high rate, even when
resting. Which structure controls this
B
Structure III
C
Structure V
D Structure VI
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50
The Medical Examiner studying an
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Which structure carries a rich supply of
accident victim determined that the
the gas needed by mitochondria to get
person had died instantly due to a brain
energy from glucose and what gas is it?
injury which stopped his breathing and
A Structure III, carbon dioxide
heartbeat. Which of the labeled
B
Structure III, oxygen
examiner find destroyed?
C
Structure VI, carbon dioxide
F
Structure A
D Structure VI, oxygen
G
Structure B
H
Structure C
J
Structure D
structures in the brain did the medical
54
Blood circulates through the lungs where
it releases carbon dioxide and picks up
oxygen. Which of the labeled structures
shows this pulmonary circulation? 51
Which of these organisms has an internal
structure made of bone and cartilage?
A Organism I
B
Organism II
C
Organism III
F
Structure II
G
Structure III
H
Structure IV
J
Structure VI
D Organism IV
55
The lungs and skin both perform functions
that are vital in maintaining homeostasis. 52
Asthma is a chronic lung condition
The lungs rid the body of carbon dioxide
characterized by difficulty in breathing.
waste and the skin eliminates excess
The airways inside the lungs become
water, salts and heat. Based on this, in
irritated and then narrow or completely
which body system would both skin and
close off leading to wheezing and
lungs be included?
shortness of breath. Which of the labeled
A integumentary
structures are would be most affected by
an asthma attack?
F
Structure A
G
Structure E
H
Structure F
J
Structure G
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B
respiratory
C
excretory
D circulatory
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56
The pancreas is part of the endocrine
system and is responsible for ­
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F
the healing of wounds
G
the release of hormones
H
regeneration of skin cells
J
secondary sex characteristics
Persons suffering from active pulmonary
tuberculosis can have severe breathing
difficulties, chest pains, and coughing up
of blood. This disease would greatly
reduce their ability to ­
A remove waste products from the blood
and control water level in the blood
B
infuse essential gases into the blood
and remove waste gas from the blood
C
transport gases, fluids, nutrients and
waste products throughout the body
D produce hormones that cause a
response in target cells throughout
the body
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58
You become ill and have a bad case of diarrhea. Which organ is no longer able to contain water
in it long enough for the water to be absorbed into the bloodstream?
F
Structure II
G
Structure III
H
Structure V
J
Structure VI
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59
When you throw up, something has caused the muscular contractions that normally move food
toward the stomach to reverse. This reversal of peristalsis would occur primarily in which of the
labeled structures?
A Structure I
B
Structure II
C
Structure III
D Structure IV
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60
You are experiencing terrible pains in your upper abdomen. You rush to the hospital and the
doctor tells you that you have gallstones and your gall bladder must be removed. He says you
should be fine because the bile duct will still be connected directly to the organ that produces
bile. To what bile producing organ will the duct be connected?
F
Structure I
G
Structure II
H
Structure V
J
Structure VI
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61
In Organism III, the multiple wrinkles and folds achieve ­
A decreased structure and function
B
increased diffusion
C
increased surface area
D lack of homeostasis
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62
Locate the structure marked with a question mark in Organism C. The "?" structure in Organism
C has a function similar to which structure in Organism A?
F
Structure I
G
Structure IV
H
Structure VI
J
Structure VII
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63
Locate structure IV in Organism A. Which structures in Organism D would have a function similar
to structure IV in Organism A?
A intestine and crop
B
gizzard and crop
C
crop and pharynx
D pharynx and gizzard
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64
Wich of these organisms has one body opening (so that nutrients get to cells by diffusion)?
F
Organism A
G
Organism B
H
Organism C
J
Organism D
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65
67
Which function is shared by the immune
and integumentary system?
A excretion
B
movement
C
protection
D storage
68
A virus attacks a plant. Some leaves
begin to turn brown. The plant produces
substances that attack the virus and
destroy it. A few leaves drop off, but no
What plant organ performs the same
more turn brown. Soon the plant is
function as the organ shown in the
healthy again. What human body system
diagram?
66
helps humans fight off viruses in a similar
A leaves
way?
B
roots
F
endocrine
C
stems
G
immune
D flower
H
integumentary
J
respiratory
Older xylem tissue in plants would have a
function most like which system in
humans?
69
Which animal system has a function
similar to the function of the plant system
F
System A
shown in the diagram?
G
System B
A excretory
H
System C
B
circulatory
J
System D
C
nervous
D respiratory
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How does the circulatory system
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What system in animals has the transport
contribute to the regulation of growth
of nutrients and other materials as its
and development?
main function? F
It determines which cells divide.
A circulatory
G
It produces chemical signals for cells.
B
nervous
H
It carries hormones throughout the
C
endocrine
body.
D integumentary
J
It conducts electrical signals to the
brain.
74
Which of the following organisms would
have a closed circulatory system?
71
Which of the following organs has a
function that is similar to the function of
human lungs?
A gills
B
kidneys
C
skin
F
grasshopper
G
clam
H
dog
J
spider
D swim bladder
75
Which of the following would be
considered an endotherm?
A bird
72
The function of a crab's shell can best be
B
reptile
following human structures?
C
fish
F
skin
D amphibian
G
lungs
H
nails
J
bones
compared to the function of which of the
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76
Which structure in the digestive system is
78
Which system of the body would be most
the first place that chemical digestion
directly affected if excess cholesterol led
takes place?
to plaque deposits in arteries?
F
stomach
F
cardiovascular system
G
mouth
G
immune system
H
small intestine
H
endocrine system J
esophagus
J
respiratory system
77
The cells represented in the diagram above
are involved in the learning process, short­
term and long­term memory, and response
to a stimulus. These cells are part of the
A endocrine system
B
skeletal system
C
muscular system
D nervous system
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79
You are suffering from renal failure due to a toxin­secreting bacterium, Escherichia coli, which
you consumed in a cheeseburger containing contaminated undercooked meat. You have to be
hospitalized and undergo dialysis to remove urea and other wastes from your bloodstream.
Further treatments allow your organs to heal and gradually resume their normal function. Which
of the labeled structures is the main organ that was affected by the bacteria?
A Structure A
B
Structure B
C
Structure C
D Structure D
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80
The exchange of gases in all of these
82
organisms is done by the process of F
thermoregulation
G
diffusion
H
metabolism
J
excretion
81
A student measured the time required for
a protein sample to be completely
digested in the presence of an enzyme
under different pH levels. At which pH is
the enzyme least active?
F
7.1
G
6.9
H
6.8
J
7.2
A student measured the time required for
a protein sample to be completely
digested in the presence of an enzyme
under different pH levels. At which pH is
the enzyme most active?
A 7.1
B
6.9
C
6.8
D 7.2
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83
84
Based on the graph above, at what
A student measured the time required for
temperature range is enzyme activity at
a protein sample to be completely
its greatest?
digested in the presence of an enzyme
under different pH levels. At which pH is
A 15­25ºC
the enzyme most active?
B
25­35ºC
F
6.8
C
35­45ºC
G
6.9 D 45­55ºC
H
7.1
J
7.2
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85
Which is the MOST valid conclusion based
86
on this graph?
An enzyme and substrate are mixed and
heated. The graph above shows how the
reaction of sucrose, the substrate, varies
with temperature. Which of the following
best explains the second increase in
A Enzymes are not affected greatly by
temperature.
B
F
Enzymes work most effectively at low
temperatures.
C
reaction rate at higher temperatures?
enzymes that had been damaged.
G
Raising the temperature always makes
an enzyme work better.
The higher temperatures cause the
substrate to begin to evaporate.
H
D Enzyme function decreases after a
certain favorable temperature.
The higher temperatures reactivate
The higher temperatures lead to more
collisions between enzymes.
J
The higher temperatures cause the
substrate to react on its own.
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87
Enzymes are substances that speed up
88
The flow of energy and materials during
the rate of chemical reactions. The rate
the production of ATP is shown in the
of enzyme action is affected by several
diagram below.
factors. A researcher studying these
factors made this graph. Which would be
an appropriate title for this graph?
A Enzyme Action and Changes in pH
B
The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme
Populations
C
How Enzyme Action Alters
Temperature
D The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme
Action
What kind of energy transformation
occurs during the process of
photosynthesis?
F
Light energy is converted into
chemical energy.
G
Chemical energy is converted
into light energy.
H
Light energy is converted into
mechanical energy.
J
Light energy is converted into
electrical energy.
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89
The concept map below shows the flow
90
of energy and materials in photosynthesis
and cellular respiration.
Which numbered arrow above represents a
molecule that is created during
photosynthesis to store energy?
Which molecules are represented in the
figure by the number 2?
A H2O and O2
B
H2O and CO2
C
Sugars and O2
F
1
G
2
H
3
J
4
D Sugars and CO2
91
Which of the following lists two
requirements needed for the reactions of
both photosynthesis and aerobic
respiration?
A molecular oxygen and enzymes
B
molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide
C
electron transport system and
enzymes
D electron transport system and
molecular carbon dioxide
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