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EOC Biology Prep Reporting Category 4 Biological Processes and Systems Some questions (c) 2012 by Region 10 Educational Service Center. Page 2 GO ON 1 Which of the following macromolecules are 4 Which receptors are responsible for a prominent part of animal connective humans' night vision? tissue such as cartilage and keratin? F rods A carbohydrates G fovea centralis B lipids H cones C proteins J optic chiasma D nucleic acids 5 A student leaves an airconditioned room 2 Which of the following molecules are and goes outdoors where the temperature needed for photosynthesis? is over 100 °F. Which of these BEST F light and oxygen describes how the student's body G carbon dioxide and oxygen H water and carbon dioxide J glucose and oxygen maintains homeostasis? A Lungs breathe faster. B Muscles increase activity. C Blood vessels widen. D Skin begins to sweat. 3 Which statement accurately describes the role of key organelles in energy transfer? A Energy is captured and stored in the nucleus and released in the chloroplast. B Energy is captured and stored in the nucleus and released in the C 6 Students place a plant in a dark, windowless closet for two days. Which of these will help the plant maintain homeostasis? mitochondria. F growing deeper roots Energy is captured and stored in the G using stored sugars chloroplast and released in the H decreasing stem size mitochondria. J losing all of its leaves D Energy is captured and stored in the mitochondria and released in the chloroplast. Page 3 GO ON 7 Which of the following is an example of a 9 The hypothalamus sends a signal to the feedback mechanism that allows an animal pituitary gland, which releases the hormone to maintain internal temperature ADH. The ADH molecules travel through the homeostasis? blood to the kidneys. The rate of removal A a cat hunting of water from the blood slows in the B a dog panting C a fish swimming kidneys. This feedback process was started by a decrease in the level of — A water in the blood D a bird singing B water in the kidneys C ADH in the hypothalmus D ADH in the pituitary gland 8 A climber reaches the peak of a 3000 meter summit. At this altitude, there is less oxygen for the climber to take in with each breath. Which of these best describes how 10 When blood sugar levels are high, which the climber's body maintains homeostasis in organ converts sugar to glycogen? this environment? F pancreas F G stomach H liver J gall bladder The throat expands to allow air to flow more quickly to the lungs. G Airways in the lungs contract to prevent air from leaving the body. H The diaphragm contracts more rapidly to increase the breathing rate. J Heart rate decreases to allow blood to pass more slowly through the lungs. Page 4 GO ON 11 Freshwater fish have a salt concentration 13 Panting by dogs helps maintain in their body fluids of about 1 percent homeostasis by getting rid of excess — that they need to maintain, even though A toxins the salinity of their environment is nearly B heat likely help freshwater fish maintain C salts homeostasis? D oxygen zero. Which of the following would most A drinking water and excreting salt from their gills B not drinking water and absorbing salt through their skin C drinking water and feeding on fish with high salt content D not drinking water and producing a large volume of dilute urine 12 14 Which organ is responsible for maintaining homeostasis by releasing hormones to regulate blood glucose? F stomach G kidney H pancreas J hypothalamus In humans, the thyroid gland produces hormones that help maintain normal heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. An increase in the level of thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) causes the release of thyroxine. As the level of thyroxine increases in the blood, the level of TSH decreases, which in turn causes a decrease in the level of thyroxine. In this feedback system, what will happen next? F The TSH level will decrease. G The TSH level will increase. H The thyroxine level will decrease. J The thyroxine level will increase. Page 5 GO ON 15 Each oval in this Venn diagram represents 17 The trunk of a tree carries out functions a structure in the human body. The size that are similar to the functions and location of each oval show where the performed by which pair of human body structure belongs in the levels of systems? organization. A muscular and nervous systems B excretory and digestive systems C skeletal and circulatory systems D respiratory and endocrine systems In this figure, oval A represents the digestive system, and oval C represents the smooth muscle layer of the stomach. Which of the following could oval D represent? A The cells in the nervous system that send impulses B The excretory system C The cells in the stomach that secrete acids D The small intestine 16 A gardener removes all the pine cones from a tree. This will interfere with the function of which system of the tree? F reproductive G shoot H root J vascular Page 6 GO ON 18 Which of the following lists the level of biological organization in order, from least inclusive to most inclusive? F individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere G individual, community, ecosystem, population, biome, biosphere H individual, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere, biome J individual, population, ecosystem, community, biosphere, biome 19 Which sequence of organization is the same as that of carbon dioxide, the blood, and the heart? A eggs, sperm, zygote B proteins, esophagus, stomach C oxygen, stomata, plant D water, phloem, leaf 20 Which of the following represents the same level of organization as the human heart? F chloroplast G blood H nerve Cell J root Page 7 GO ON 21 What term best completes the diagram at X? A DNA B organic compounds C nucleus D macromolecules 22 Multicellular organisms have structures that are arranged in increasing levels of complexity. Which of these places these levels of organization in the correct order, from least complex to most complex? F organ systems, organs, tissues, cells G cells, tissues, organs, organ systems H cells, tissues, organs, organ systems J cells, organs, tissues, organ systems Page 8 GO ON 23 Which of the following shows the sequence of levels of organization that are shown in the illustration above? A tissue, cell, organ system, organ B cell, tissue, organ, organ system C cell, organ, organ system, tissue D tissue, organ, cell, organ system Page 9 GO ON 24 What does this diagram represent? F phylogenetic tree G levels of organization in living things H cladogram J dichotomous key Page 10 GO ON 25 Which systems work together to provide protection for the body with the systems shown in the diagram above? A muscular, immune and nervous systems B integumentary, excretory and muscular systems C circulatory, skeletal and digestive systems D circulatory, immune and integumentary systems Page 11 GO ON 26 Which of these best identifies the system that interrelates all of the other systems in maintaining homeostasis? 27 F System A G System B H System C J System D The plant structure that transports water 28 The plant structure that transports and minerals up from the roots is sugars down from leaves is — A xylem F xylem B phloem G phloem C cuticle H epidermis J stomata D stomata Page 12 GO ON 29 The outer singlelayer group of cells The epidermal cells and cuticle of a plant covering a plant is the — leaf have a function that is similar to A vascular tissue which of the following human organ B cambium cells C circulatory tissue D epidermis 30 32 systems? F circulatory G skeletal H nervous J integumentary Which of the following structures is an opening on the underside of a leaf that is necessary for gas exchange? 31 F stoma G epidermis H shoot J cuticle Xylem cells link together to form plant tissue. This type of tissue has more than one function. One of its functions is to transport water and minerals from roots to leaves. The other function is similar to which of the following human systems? A skeletal system B digestive system C muscular system D excretory system Page 13 GO ON 33 Which interrelated system does the system pictured here, rely on for the transport digested food molecules? A endocrine B excretory C circulatory D integumentary Page 14 GO ON 34 What role does the integumentary system play in the homeostasis process shared by these three systems? F dilation of blood vessels G sweat gland secretions H increase insulin release J increase of heartrate Page 15 GO ON 35 The function of this feedback loop would best be described as maintaining A blood pressure. B water balance. C blood sugar levels. D body temperature. Page 16 GO ON 36 The diagram above represents a feedback loop and shows the body's response to oscillations 37 F blood glucose oscillations G pathogenic attack H neurochemical action J hormone recycling The human immune system is responsible for finding and neutralizing foreign substances in the body. Which system is most responsible for ensuring that the immune system can swiftly reach any foreign substances in the body? A circulatory B endocrine C excretory D nervous Page 17 GO ON 38 39 Which of these is an example of how the endocrine and excretory systems interact? A Glucose is stored by the liver when blood sugar levels rise. B Sweat evaporates from the sweat glands when the body overheats. C Urine production decreases when there is a shortage of water in the body. D Blood pressure rises when a person climbs up a flight of stairs. 40 The thyroid gland produces a hormone that controls the rate at which cells use energy. Which system does the thyroid gland use to communicate information to the cells of the body? F circulatory G muscular H nervous J respiratory Which interrelated system does this one rely on to carry its chemical messages to target cells? F skeletal G excretory H circulatory J integumentary Page 18 GO ON 41 The human reproductive system produces 43 the eggs and sperm used in sexual reproduction. Which system is most responsible for controlling the development and function of the reproductive system? A endocrine B excretory C immune D nerous 42 The "fight or flight" response is a mechanism designed to prepare a person for immediate action against a perceived threat. Which of these best describes the role of body systems in this response? F The endocrine system releases hormones, which the circulatory system carries to muscles. G H glands, which release hormones to This system performs a cleansing excite the circulatory system. function. Which interrelated system does The heart beats faster, which supplies it assist? muscles with energy needed to A endocrine stimulate endocrine glands. J The muscles squeeze endocrine The blood pressure rises, which signals endocrine glands and muscles to conserve hormones and energy. Page 19 B excretory C cirulatory D integumenary GO ON 44 During inhalation, the diaphragm — F contracts and moves down G contracts and raises up H relaxes and moves down J relaxes and raises up 47 The structure in the circulatory system that is responsible for nutrient and gas exchange is — A heart B artery C vein D capillary 45 You are watching a scary movie. The scene is intense and you force yourself to keep watching and not hide your eyes. 48 After John’s grandfather had a stroke, he Suddenly the cat knocks over a glass sometimes became confused and could making a loud shattering noise! You not think clearly. With therapy he got scream and jump up, ready to run or better and showed few effects of the defend yourself as best you can! Your brain injury. From his symptoms, which heart is pounding! Which of the labeled structure was most likely the area where structures is responsible for your his stroke occurred? reaction? F Structure A A Structure II G Structure B B Structure III H Structure C C Structure IV J Structure D D Structure V 49 46 Bobby is one of those people that never Which organ in plants is most like the seems to gain weight no matter how human system shown? much she eats. BMR (Basic Metabolic F leaf Rate) testing confirmed she burned G root H stem process? J flower A Structure II calories at a high rate, even when resting. Which structure controls this B Structure III C Structure V D Structure VI Page 20 GO ON 50 The Medical Examiner studying an 53 Which structure carries a rich supply of accident victim determined that the the gas needed by mitochondria to get person had died instantly due to a brain energy from glucose and what gas is it? injury which stopped his breathing and A Structure III, carbon dioxide heartbeat. Which of the labeled B Structure III, oxygen examiner find destroyed? C Structure VI, carbon dioxide F Structure A D Structure VI, oxygen G Structure B H Structure C J Structure D structures in the brain did the medical 54 Blood circulates through the lungs where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. Which of the labeled structures shows this pulmonary circulation? 51 Which of these organisms has an internal structure made of bone and cartilage? A Organism I B Organism II C Organism III F Structure II G Structure III H Structure IV J Structure VI D Organism IV 55 The lungs and skin both perform functions that are vital in maintaining homeostasis. 52 Asthma is a chronic lung condition The lungs rid the body of carbon dioxide characterized by difficulty in breathing. waste and the skin eliminates excess The airways inside the lungs become water, salts and heat. Based on this, in irritated and then narrow or completely which body system would both skin and close off leading to wheezing and lungs be included? shortness of breath. Which of the labeled A integumentary structures are would be most affected by an asthma attack? F Structure A G Structure E H Structure F J Structure G Page 21 B respiratory C excretory D circulatory GO ON 56 The pancreas is part of the endocrine system and is responsible for 57 F the healing of wounds G the release of hormones H regeneration of skin cells J secondary sex characteristics Persons suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis can have severe breathing difficulties, chest pains, and coughing up of blood. This disease would greatly reduce their ability to A remove waste products from the blood and control water level in the blood B infuse essential gases into the blood and remove waste gas from the blood C transport gases, fluids, nutrients and waste products throughout the body D produce hormones that cause a response in target cells throughout the body Page 22 GO ON 58 You become ill and have a bad case of diarrhea. Which organ is no longer able to contain water in it long enough for the water to be absorbed into the bloodstream? F Structure II G Structure III H Structure V J Structure VI Page 23 GO ON 59 When you throw up, something has caused the muscular contractions that normally move food toward the stomach to reverse. This reversal of peristalsis would occur primarily in which of the labeled structures? A Structure I B Structure II C Structure III D Structure IV Page 24 GO ON 60 You are experiencing terrible pains in your upper abdomen. You rush to the hospital and the doctor tells you that you have gallstones and your gall bladder must be removed. He says you should be fine because the bile duct will still be connected directly to the organ that produces bile. To what bile producing organ will the duct be connected? F Structure I G Structure II H Structure V J Structure VI Page 25 GO ON 61 In Organism III, the multiple wrinkles and folds achieve A decreased structure and function B increased diffusion C increased surface area D lack of homeostasis Page 26 GO ON 62 Locate the structure marked with a question mark in Organism C. The "?" structure in Organism C has a function similar to which structure in Organism A? F Structure I G Structure IV H Structure VI J Structure VII Page 27 GO ON 63 Locate structure IV in Organism A. Which structures in Organism D would have a function similar to structure IV in Organism A? A intestine and crop B gizzard and crop C crop and pharynx D pharynx and gizzard Page 28 GO ON 64 Wich of these organisms has one body opening (so that nutrients get to cells by diffusion)? F Organism A G Organism B H Organism C J Organism D Page 29 GO ON 65 67 Which function is shared by the immune and integumentary system? A excretion B movement C protection D storage 68 A virus attacks a plant. Some leaves begin to turn brown. The plant produces substances that attack the virus and destroy it. A few leaves drop off, but no What plant organ performs the same more turn brown. Soon the plant is function as the organ shown in the healthy again. What human body system diagram? 66 helps humans fight off viruses in a similar A leaves way? B roots F endocrine C stems G immune D flower H integumentary J respiratory Older xylem tissue in plants would have a function most like which system in humans? 69 Which animal system has a function similar to the function of the plant system F System A shown in the diagram? G System B A excretory H System C B circulatory J System D C nervous D respiratory Page 30 GO ON 70 How does the circulatory system 73 What system in animals has the transport contribute to the regulation of growth of nutrients and other materials as its and development? main function? F It determines which cells divide. A circulatory G It produces chemical signals for cells. B nervous H It carries hormones throughout the C endocrine body. D integumentary J It conducts electrical signals to the brain. 74 Which of the following organisms would have a closed circulatory system? 71 Which of the following organs has a function that is similar to the function of human lungs? A gills B kidneys C skin F grasshopper G clam H dog J spider D swim bladder 75 Which of the following would be considered an endotherm? A bird 72 The function of a crab's shell can best be B reptile following human structures? C fish F skin D amphibian G lungs H nails J bones compared to the function of which of the Page 31 GO ON 76 Which structure in the digestive system is 78 Which system of the body would be most the first place that chemical digestion directly affected if excess cholesterol led takes place? to plaque deposits in arteries? F stomach F cardiovascular system G mouth G immune system H small intestine H endocrine system J esophagus J respiratory system 77 The cells represented in the diagram above are involved in the learning process, short term and longterm memory, and response to a stimulus. These cells are part of the A endocrine system B skeletal system C muscular system D nervous system Page 32 GO ON 79 You are suffering from renal failure due to a toxinsecreting bacterium, Escherichia coli, which you consumed in a cheeseburger containing contaminated undercooked meat. You have to be hospitalized and undergo dialysis to remove urea and other wastes from your bloodstream. Further treatments allow your organs to heal and gradually resume their normal function. Which of the labeled structures is the main organ that was affected by the bacteria? A Structure A B Structure B C Structure C D Structure D Page 33 GO ON 80 The exchange of gases in all of these 82 organisms is done by the process of F thermoregulation G diffusion H metabolism J excretion 81 A student measured the time required for a protein sample to be completely digested in the presence of an enzyme under different pH levels. At which pH is the enzyme least active? F 7.1 G 6.9 H 6.8 J 7.2 A student measured the time required for a protein sample to be completely digested in the presence of an enzyme under different pH levels. At which pH is the enzyme most active? A 7.1 B 6.9 C 6.8 D 7.2 Page 34 GO ON 83 84 Based on the graph above, at what A student measured the time required for temperature range is enzyme activity at a protein sample to be completely its greatest? digested in the presence of an enzyme under different pH levels. At which pH is A 1525ºC the enzyme most active? B 2535ºC F 6.8 C 3545ºC G 6.9 D 4555ºC H 7.1 J 7.2 Page 35 GO ON 85 Which is the MOST valid conclusion based 86 on this graph? An enzyme and substrate are mixed and heated. The graph above shows how the reaction of sucrose, the substrate, varies with temperature. Which of the following best explains the second increase in A Enzymes are not affected greatly by temperature. B F Enzymes work most effectively at low temperatures. C reaction rate at higher temperatures? enzymes that had been damaged. G Raising the temperature always makes an enzyme work better. The higher temperatures cause the substrate to begin to evaporate. H D Enzyme function decreases after a certain favorable temperature. The higher temperatures reactivate The higher temperatures lead to more collisions between enzymes. J The higher temperatures cause the substrate to react on its own. Page 36 GO ON 87 Enzymes are substances that speed up 88 The flow of energy and materials during the rate of chemical reactions. The rate the production of ATP is shown in the of enzyme action is affected by several diagram below. factors. A researcher studying these factors made this graph. Which would be an appropriate title for this graph? A Enzyme Action and Changes in pH B The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Populations C How Enzyme Action Alters Temperature D The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Action What kind of energy transformation occurs during the process of photosynthesis? F Light energy is converted into chemical energy. G Chemical energy is converted into light energy. H Light energy is converted into mechanical energy. J Light energy is converted into electrical energy. Page 37 GO ON 89 The concept map below shows the flow 90 of energy and materials in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which numbered arrow above represents a molecule that is created during photosynthesis to store energy? Which molecules are represented in the figure by the number 2? A H2O and O2 B H2O and CO2 C Sugars and O2 F 1 G 2 H 3 J 4 D Sugars and CO2 91 Which of the following lists two requirements needed for the reactions of both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration? A molecular oxygen and enzymes B molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide C electron transport system and enzymes D electron transport system and molecular carbon dioxide Page 38 BE SURE YOU HAVE RECORDED ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS ON YOUR ANSWER DOCUMENT STOP