* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download MEng BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER TWO EXAMIN
Survey
Document related concepts
History of biology wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
Agarose gel electrophoresis wikipedia , lookup
History of biotechnology wikipedia , lookup
History of molecular biology wikipedia , lookup
DNA-encoded chemical library wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Restriction enzyme wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Biomedical engineering wikipedia , lookup
Molecular paleontology wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Community fingerprinting wikipedia , lookup
Synthetic biology wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
ljs115 UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON ENGINEERING, SPORTS AND SCIENCES ACADEMIC GROUP BEng (HONS)/MEng BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATIONS 2014/15 FUNDAMENTALS OF SYSTEMS AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MODULE NO: BME4006 Date: Wednesday 27 May 2015 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: Time: 10.00 am - 1.00 pm Candidates are advised that the examiners attach importance to legibility of writing and clarity of expression. YOU ARE STRONGLY ADVISED TO PLAN YOUR ANSWERS There are THREE sections. Answer ALL questions from Section A and Section B. Answer ONE question from Section C. Write all answers in answer booklet. Marks for parts of questions are shown in brackets. This examination paper carries a total of 100 marks. All working must be shown. A numerical solution to a question obtained by programming an electronic calculator will not be accepted. Page 2 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 SECTION A: Answer ALL questions in this section; 1 mark per question, 35 marks in total. 1. The insertion of a specific piece of ________ into a cell is known as gene cloning, which is a naturally occurring process. a. Bacteria b. Plasmid vector c. Foreign DNA d. Any one of the above 1 mark 2. A ________ is an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule separate from the chromosomal DNA and capable of autonomous replication. a. Vector b. Plasmid c. Restriction enzyme d. None of the above 1 mark 3. Ti plasmids are the most efficient plasmids used for transforming _______ and are found in bacteria called Agrobacterium tumefaciens. a. Mammalians cells b. Yeast c. Prokaryotes d. Plant cells 1 mark Please turn the page Page 3 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 4. Insertion of a piece of DNA into a plasmid is possible only if both the circular plasmid and the source of DNA have ________ for the same restriction enzymes. a. Recognition sites b. Sticky ends c. DNA ligase d. Endonuclease 1 mark 5. Type II class enzymes are the most commonly used for gene cloning. An example of this enzyme is: a. EcoRI b. BamHI c. HpaI d. All of the above 1 mark 6. __________ is a mechanism evolved by bacteria to resist against invading viruses. a. Gene cloning b. Restriction enzymes c. Plasmids d. None of the above 1 mark 7. The __________ travels along the DNA strand and assembles ribonucleotides into a strand of RNA, according to the base pairing rule. a. RNA polymerase b. mRNA c. Both a and b d. Cloning vector 1 mark Page 4 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 Please turn the page 8. The first step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is: a. Denaturation b. Primer extension c. Annealing d. Cooling 1 mark 9. In the discovery of introns, a DNA molecule called _______________ was formed that had the same nucleotide sequence as the gene that produced the mRNA. a. mDNA b. rDNA c. sDNA d. gDNA e. cDNA 1 mark 10. With the completion of the human genome project, the next frontier is: a. Nucleonics b. Proteomics c. Cytomics d. Agronomics 1 mark 11. Viruses containing RNA rather than DNA are called: a. Riboviruses b. Immunoviruses c. Bacteriophages d. Rotaviruses e. Retroviruses 1 mark Page 5 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 Please turn the page 12. In a PCR, synthetic sequences of nucleotides are involved in: a. Denaturing b. Heating c. Priming d. Copying e. All of the above 1 mark 13. Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA upon entry with: a. Ligases b. Endonucleases c. Methylases d. Vectors e. Probes 1 mark 14. To identify an individual by DNA analysis of their blood, investigators look for: a. Primers b. DNA fingerprints c. Probes d. Nucleosomes e. Transgenic fragments 1 mark Please turn the page Page 6 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 15. Most restriction endonuclease enzymes cleave each strand of the double stranded DNA at a specific restriction site, resulting in fragments that have overhanging ends -5’ and -3’, also called ________________. a. Sticky ends b. Blunt ends c. Both a and b d. None of the above 1 mark 16. When "sticky ends" are paired, they can be joined by: a. Restriction enzymes b. pSC101 c. Methylase d. X-gal e. DNA ligase 1 mark 17. A successful vector in genetic engineering has been the: a. TMV plasmid b. HLF virus c. Vaccinia virus d. Ti plasmid e. Retrovirus 1 mark Page 7 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 Please turn the page 18. A library of DNA fragments results from the use of: a. Restriction endonucleases b. Viruses c. Plasmids d. Recombinant DNA e. DNA ligase 1 mark 19. Bacterial DNA is not cleaved by their own restriction enzymes because bacteria add _______________ to their own DNA. a. Nucleotides b. Peptides c. Methyl groups d. Glyphosphate e. Somototropin 1 mark 20. The piece of equipment that introduces DNA into cells via DNA-coated microprojectiles is known as: a. A laser b. A DNA probe c. A gene gun d. An inoculating needle 1 mark Please turn the page Page 8 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 21. Genetic engineering has successfully transferred genes from eukaryotic cells into: a. Bacteria b. Plants c. Animals d. All of the above e. None of the above 1 mark 22. DNA molecules can be cut into sections by using: a. ATP b. Gel electrophoresis c. Restriction endonucleases d. Plasmids e. A probe 1 mark 23. In genetic engineering, DNA ligase is used as: a. A probe b. A sealing enzyme c. A restriction enzyme d. A mutagen e. None of the above 1 mark Please turn the page Page 9 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 24. Which of the following statements is true about developing cDNA? a. Mature mRNA directs the formation of the DNA. b. Mature mRNA does not contain introns. c. DNA taken from the nucleus is used to produce the cDNA. d. Both a and b are true. e. None of the above are true. 1 mark 25. In the study of Science: a. Deductive reasoning may be used, but inductive reasoning is preferred b. Inductive reasoning may be used, but deductive reasoning is preferred c. Only inductive reasoning is used d. Either deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, or both may be used 1 mark 26. A successful scientific experiment will result only in: a. Rejection of one or more hypotheses b. Proving a hypothesis c. Accepting many hypotheses d. Confirming predictions 1 mark 27. The "scientific method" involves all of the following except: a. Imagination and insight b. An educated guess c. A rigid set of logical steps d. A suspicion of what the truth might be 1 mark Page 10 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 Please turn the page 28. Genetically identical organisms derived from a single genetic source are called: a. Populations b. Varieties c. Sibling species d. Ecotypes e. Clones 1 mark 29. In order for a gene to be transcribed, RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA helix and be able to bind to the gene’s: a. Activator b. Regulator c. Promoter d. Operator e. Repressor 1 mark 30. A tobacco plant can be made to express a gene from fireflies, resulting in the emission of light. Which of the following is the basis for this phenomenon? a. Chloroplasts can be made to produce light if firefly proteins are injected into plant cells. b. Fireflies and tobacco plants share a recent common ancestor. c. Fireflies and tobacco plants are infected by the same kinds of bacteria. d. Transcription and translation are fundamentally similar in both fireflies and tobacco plants. e. Most enzymes in fireflies have the same amino acid sequence as the enzymes in tobacco plants. 1 mark Page 11 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 Please turn the page 31. The enzyme that is found in retroviruses and that is required for the synthesis of DNA from RNA is: a. DNA polymerase III b. RNA polymerase c. Restriction endonuclease d. Reverse transcriptase e. Dehydrogenase 1 mark 32. In gel electrophoresis, the rate of migration of the DNA fragments through the agarose gel is determined by the: a. Ratio of adenine to cytosine in the fragment b. Presence of hydrogen bonds between base pairs c. Length of time the electrophoresis unit is allowed to operate d. Number of nucleotides in the fragment e. Volume of the starting sample 1 mark 33. Which of the following is true of the dye used to stain the fragments in gel electrophoresis? a. It increases the contrast between the agar and the DNA fragments. b. It must be accounted for when calculating the molecular weight of the fragments. c. Its charged areas interfere with the migration of the DNA. d. It is bonded only to the sticky ends of the fragments and can directly determine the sequence of the DNA fragments. e. It gives a three-dimensional view of the structure of the DNA fragments. 1 mark Page 12 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 Please turn the page 34. In gel electrophoresis, the type and density of the gel are important because: a. They influence the rate of migration of the fragments b. They may cause some DNA molecules to replicate c. Some DNA nucleotides may be lost due to chemical reactions with the gel d. Some DNA molecules may sink to the bottom and not migrate e. Some DNA molecules may cross-link 1 mark 35. Systems biology is an approach by which biological questions are addressed through integrating data collection activities with ________________ activities to produce a better understanding of biological systems. a. Computational modelling b. Molecular genetic c. Mathematical modelling d. Computational and mathematical modelling 1 mark Total 35 marks Please turn the page Page 13 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 SECTION B: Answer ALL questions in this section; 5 marks per question, 35 marks in total. 1. Two Matlab arrays are defined as: P = [6,3,5,73] Q = [5,3,2,45,3,5,2] Choose from the following options (you may use each more than once): a) 30, b) 5, c) 25, d) 10, e) error to determine the results of: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) P(2) + Q(3) P(3) * Q(6) P(6) - Q(3) Q(7) * P(3) Q(3) + P(2) 5 marks 2. Quantity Q is modelled as a function of time T: Q = J*T2 + T/K + L2*T where J, K and L are constant and specific to the system. Choose from the following options (you may use each more than once): a) parameter, b) initial condition, c) independent variable, d) dependent variable, e) boundary condition to classify: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Q T J K L 5 marks Page 14 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 Please turn the page 3. In Matlab, quantity A is calculated from the following code: A = 0; for k = 1:5 A = A + 2*k; end What is the value of A at the end of each iteration of the loop? 5 marks 4. Name the following steps in the modelling process: a. Results are calculated using a computer program. b. Parameter values are obtained using data from practical experiments. c. The conceptual model is compared against the model requirements to ensure it does what it is supposed to. d. Model results are compared against equivalent experimental results. e. Parameters are identified which affect the variables in the system. 5 marks 5. Draw a network diagram for the following model, with labels on the arrows to identify the parameters: dA/dt = f - g*A + h*C dB/dt = g*A - i*B dC/dt = h*C + i*B – j*C 5 marks Page 15 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 Please turn the page 6. Variable V changes with time t as: dV/dt = a/V+b where a = 2, b = 3, and V = 1 at t = 0. Use Euler’s method [V(t+dt) = V(t) + dV] with a time step of 0.5 to calculate V at t = 0.5 and t = 1. 5 marks 7. Describe what is meant by the term ‘emergent behaviour’ and provide a biological example. 5 marks Total 35 marks Please turn the page Page 16 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 SECTION C: Answer ONE question only; 30 marks. 1. a. Do the advances in synthetic biology really represent the creation of new life? Please explain. (15 marks) b. Can the synthetic cell reproduce? If so, are its daughter cells viable? (15 marks) Total 30 marks OR 2. a. How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria capable of producing human insulin? (15 marks) b. What are the main techniques of genetic engineering currently used in biotechnology? (15 marks) Total 30 marks OR 3. a. Does the discovery of synthetic biology challenge religious notions about the creation of life and the concept of a spirit? Please explain. (15 marks) b. Synthetic biology: what are the environmental and social impacts? (15 marks) Total 30 marks Page 17 of 17 Engineering, Sports and Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester Two Examinations 2014/2015 Fundamentals of Systems and Synthetic Biology Module No. BME4006 END OF QUESTIONS