Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Age of Imperialism Section 1 The Age of Imperialism The British in India Section 1 Main Idea One of the first examples of European imperialism in Asia, the British rule over India changed Indian politics, economics, and society and led to the rise of Indian nationalism. IMPERIALISM=BULLYING EUROCENTRIC VIEW +WHITE MAN’S BURDEN. Money and political prestige Content Statement: Describe the political, economic, and social roots of imperialism expansion. Describe how imperialism involved land acquisition, extraction of raw materials, spread of Western values, and maintenance of political control. Describe how the consequences of imperialism were viewed differently by the colonizers and the colonized. The Age of Imperialism Vocabulary 11-1 Section 1 • Imperialism: practice of extending a nation’s power by gaining territories for a colonial empire. Page 344: process of one people ruling or controlling another. BULLYING • British East India Company: a joint-stock company granted a royal charter by Elizabeth I for purpose of controlling India. • Sepoy Mutiny: rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India. Leads to British government ruling India. • Raj: British rule of India from 1757 until 1947 • Indian National Congress: major political party in India; founded in 1885 to press for greater rights for Indians under British rule. • Muslim League: political group founded in 1906 to protect the rights of Indian Muslims. Setting the Stage The Age of Imperialism Imperialism 1) Section 1 • By 1700, Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal ruled vast territories in the Americas • Europeans had less success ruling territory in Asia, Africa • Crash Course: Asia and Africa resistant to disease and could match weaponry. Expanding Power 2) • Europeans had built trading posts along Asian, African coasts, but held little territory farther inland • Two factors that made possible: 1. new technologies (Industrial Revolution) 2. weakening of great empires of Asia, Africa The Age of Imperialism Section 1 New 3) The Technologies Age of Imperialism Section 1 • Advances in technology gave Europeans huge military advantage • Steam-powered gunboats, Repeating rifles, machine guns, exploding shells. Maxim Machine gun • Asian, African weapon makers could not match technologies Weakening Empire in Africa and Asia 4) • India’s Mughal Empire took deep decline after 1707 • Ottoman Empire lost strength in North African • China’s Qing dynasty faced rebellions; • By the late 1700’s, European armies faced limited resistance as they claimed new territories. Section 1 The Age of Imperialism 4.British East India Company Early British imperialism in India was carried out by the British East India Trading Company. It soon became embroiled in Indian politics. The British Take Control • East India Company activity limited to coastal trading cities while Mughal Empire strong • Mid-1700s, when empire broke apart into small states, East India Company leaders saw chance to take over Indian lands Kept India in Chaos • Manipulated rulers of states, suggested each needed British support to keep throne • Played rulers against each other, kept India in chaos • Company’s army took over much of India, claiming it had to restore order Sectionview? 1 The AgeSepoy of Imperialism 5.The Mutiny: Sepoy view vs British • • • • 1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion, the Sepoy Mutiny Sepoys were Indian soldiers who fought in British army Introduction of new type British rifle set off rebellion To load rifle, soldier had to bite off end of ammunition cartridge greased with pork, beef fat; offended Muslim, Hindu sepoys • Muslims did not eat pork; Hindus did not eat beef Protest and Punishment • Sepoys in Meerut refused to use cartridges; thought it plot to make them abandon Hinduism, Islam • Sepoys punished for protesting • In response, northern Indian sepoys rose up against British • Eventually gained control of Delhi Violence and Atrocities • Violence of rebellion ferocious • Both sides committed atrocities • Sepoys killed British officers, as well as wives, children • Captured mutineers strapped to cannons and shot; villages burned • Fighting continued two years The Age of Imperialism 5.Results of Mutiny Section 1 British ended the rule of East India Company in 1858 as result of mutiny. • British government ruled India directly – British moved away from some social regulations that angered many Indians – Distrust still continued between British, Indians The Age of Imperialism India as a British Colony 6)Section 1 • Colony of India —the “jewel in the crown” of the British Empire. Gave Britain political and financial rewards, national pride . RAW MATERIALS!! • For Indians, British rule source of frustration and humiliation • Frustration gave rise to powerful feelings of nationalism 7.The Raj • Era of British rule in India often called British Raj, Hindu word meaning “rule”. • Result of Sepoy Mutiny • Administration carried out by government agency, Indian Civil Service (ICS) ICS 7) • Though ruling India, most ICS officials British • ICS employed very few Indians • Many educated Indians frustrated at having no say in own government Westernization 7 +9 • Many British thought they were superior – Segregated neighborhoods; exclusive clubs – Westernized Indians • Prejudiced, thought Indians incapable of governing selves • WHITE MAN’S BURDEN The Age of Imperialism India as a British Colony Section 1 Bengal • Nationalism turned radical when British announced plans to partition Bengal • Nationalists thought partition attempt to break up Bengal’s Hindu population Radicals 8) • Radicals in Congress called for boycott of British goods • Swadeshi- lasted three years • Participants vowed to wear only Indian-made garments, burned British cloth • Some militants attacked British officials, were punished Unintended Consequences • British convinced to make concessions to Indian people • 1906 Muslim League formed to protect interests of Indian Muslims • (1885) Indian National Congress and Muslim League led in fight for independence later 1 your 9) Summarize the Look at questions ReadSection through The Age of Imperialism effects of British #1-8 and organize notes and place rule on India in in boxes below info in each box each category below a) Politics/land acquisition b)Economics c) Society India Company 9) politics; land Section acquisition 1 TheBritish Age ofEast Imperialism The British Take Control #4 again Kept India in Chaos • British East India Company activity limited to coastal trading cities while Mughal Empire strong • Manipulated rulers of states, suggested each needed British support to keep throne • Mid-1700s, when empire broke apart into small states, East India Company leaders saw chance to take over Indian lands • Played rulers against each other, kept India in chaos • Company’s army took over much of India, claiming it had to restore order The Age of Rise Imperialism The of Indian Nationalism 9) Section politics1 • Indian elites and middle classes lacked opportunities • (ICS): Indians had little power to influence decisions at higher levels of government Nationalist Movement • New reform idea first expressed by reformer Ram Mohun Roy, 1820s • Felt British violating Indian’s rights, including free speech, religion Activating Movement • 1885, Indian National Congress, first nationalist group, founded by Englishspeaking Indians • Muslim League formed 1906 Section 9.ofEconomics Raj 1 The Age Imperialism Life under the British Raj Building Projects • During Raj, British built railroads, roads, canals in India • By 1910, India had fourth-largest railroad network in world • British invested in transportation to move troops; help sell British products Raj Commerce 9) economics; extraction of raw materials • India important market for British manufactured goods • Also source of raw materials like cotton, tea, indigo, jute • Taxes from Indian landowners paid for administration of India, Indian army Raj Impact • British manufactured goods devastated India’s pre-existing textile industry • Had been major exporter; British closed factories to prevent competition • Mid-1800s, India primarily exported raw materials, not manufactured goods Radicals 7) • Radicals in Congress called for boycott of British goods • Swadeshi- lasted three years Changes in India 9) societySection 1 The Age of Imperialism Making Changes Banning Customs • East India Company made changes to Indian society • Introduced new education system, English language • Introduced British laws banning certain customs, like sati • Practice of Hindu widows throwing selves on husbands’ funeral fires Destroying Society • British also invited Christian missionaries to spread beliefs • British wanted to eliminate Hinduism completely Section 1 The Age of Imperialism The Sepoy Mutiny 9) society • 1857, strained relations exploded into rebellion, the Sepoy Mutiny • Cause of Mutiny • To load rifle, soldier had to bite off end of ammunition cartridge greased with pork, beef fat; offended Muslim, Hindu sepoys • Muslims did not eat pork; Hindus did not eat beef Protest and Punishment Violence and Atrocities • Sepoys in Meerut refused to use cartridges; thought it plot to make them abandon Hinduism, Islam • Sepoys punished for protesting • In response, northern Indian sepoys rose up against British • Eventually gained control of Delhi • Violence of rebellion ferocious • Both sides committed atrocities • Sepoys killed British officers, as well as wives, children • Captured mutineers strapped to cannons and shot; villages burned • Fighting continued two years Section 1 The Age of Imperialism Results of Mutiny 9) society • British ended the rule of East India Company in 1858 • British government ruled India directly Raj – British moved away from some social regulations that angered many Indians – Distrust still continued between British, Indians – Indian Civil Service (ICS) carried out rules • Few Indians involved in gov’t The Age of Imperialism Section 1 ThePAGE: Age of Imperialism 344 Section 1 Section 1 The Age of Imperialism 4.Changes in India Making Changes Banning Customs • East India Company made changes to Indian society • Introduced British laws banning certain customs, like sati • Introduced new education system, English language • Practice of Hindu widows throwing selves on husbands’ funeral fires Destroying Society Straining Relations • British also invited Christian missionaries to spread beliefs • Thought British wanted to eliminate Indian customs, Hinduism completely • Some began to believe British trying to destroy their society • Relations between Indians, British increasingly strained