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Ancient Cultures 5 I/A Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) 1 von 28 Rome and the Punic Wars – A Growing Empire. Die Bedeutung der Punischen Kriege für die Expansion des Römischen Reiches zur Weltmacht erkennen (Klasse 7) Ein Beitrag von: Frauke Vieregge, Hamburg Illustrationen von: Doris Köhl, Julia Lenzmann, Oliver Wetterauer I S N A R O © Thinkstock T H C Hannibal ante portas V Rom, die erste Großmacht der Welt. Nach den Ständekämpfen war der Weg frei, dieses Ziel unerbittlich zu verfolgen. Viele Kriege lagen auf diesem Weg, Rom schien unbesiegbar. Die Erfolge in den Punischen Kriegen brachten Rom den Ruf ein, unbesiegbar zu sein. Wie war diese Supermacht organisiert und wie sicherte sie ihre Vormachtstellung in der antiken Welt? Dass Rom sowohl durch Krieg als auch durch Vertragsschlüsse und Diplomatie sein Reich zu einer Weltmacht der Antike ausbreiten konnte, wissen die Lernenden am Ende dieser Reihe. Darüber hinaus können die Schülerinnen und Schüler mit Karten arbeiten. Und wetten, dass Sie bei einer Carousel Discussion die gesamte Klasse zum Sprechen bringen? Klasse: 7 Dauer: 6 Stunden (möglichst 1 Einzelstunde und 2 Doppelstunden; + 1 Std. für die LEK) Bereich: Antike, Rom und Karthago, Machtverhältnisse in der Antike, Punische Kriege 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014 4 von 28 Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) Ancient Cultures 5 I/A 4./5. Stunde: The aftermath of the Punic Wars in the Roman Empire Material Verlauf M 7, M 8 (M 1) The effects of the Punic Wars on the victorious soldiers / Bildimpuls zur Einleitung eines Verfassertextes über Auswirkungen der Punischen Kriege auf das römische Reich und das Leben der Menschen; Fantasiereise, anschließend Lektüre des Textes in Einzelarbeit, Bearbeitung in Partnerarbeit; Anwenden des Wissens aus dem Text in einer kreativen Schreibaufgabe (Verfassen eines Briefes aus Sicht eines zurückgekehrten Kleinbauern/Soldaten) Materialübersicht 1. Stunde: Rome – the expansion of the Roman Republic M1 (Ka/Fo) The Mediterranean before and after the 1st and 2nd Punic Wars M2 (Ab) Method sheet: Understanding historical maps M3 (Fo/Bi) Who’s that man? T H C 2./3. Stunde: The Punic Wars M4 (Fo/Bi) Memory: Important words in the context of the Punic Wars M5 (Tx) The Punic Wars – Rome’s way to become a superpower M6 (Ab) Method sheet: Carousel discussion I S N A R O 4./5. Stunde: The aftermath of the Punic Wars in the Roman Empire M7 (Fo/Bi) Leaving the farms and fighting for Rome – and afterwards? M8 (Tx/Ab) The effects of the Punic Wars on the victorious soldiers V Ab: Arbeitsblatt – Bi: Bild – Fo: Folie/Folienvorlage – Ka: Karte – Tx: Text 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014 I/A Ancient Cultures 5 Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) 5 von 28 The Mediterranean before and after the 1st and 2nd Punic Wars © Ernst Klett Verlag GmbH M1 T H C I S N A R O V 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014 6 von 28 M2 Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) Ancient Cultures 5 I/A Method sheet: Understanding historical maps Helpful information: – Part or whole? Does the map show only a part of a country or a complete country? – Colours and names: Different colours and names mark areas or countries. They also show if they belong together. In this map all countries shown in (orange) belong together: Hispania belonged to Rome after the Punic Wars. – Each map has its own “language” with special signs and symbols: – Lines and arrows: Coloured lines and arrows can be used to show the movements of people or armies. These mark important towns and crossed – Symbols: mark places of important battles. swords The Mediterranean before and after the 1st and 2nd Punic Wars How to analyse maps methodically step by step: © Ernst Klett Verlag GmbH With the help of a map you can get information about what happened when and where. But a historical map only shows a short part of history and not a longer period of time. How do you work with such a map? T H C I S N A R O V 1. Describe – What is the map about? Look at the heading and the explanation. – What is shown? Which country, places or towns are shown? Tip: Use a modern atlas to compare the historical map with the world today. 2. Examine – Find out the time structure of the map. Does it deal with a special point in time / a specific year or a longer period? – Look at the explanation again: what do the colours and symbols mean? 3. Analyse – Summarize / sum up the most important information you have worked out and find the historical connection. Vocabulary aids for those who want to become experts: 1. Describe: – The territory / area … marked with horizontal / vertical / diagonal stripes … – The territory / area … marked with squares / the criss-cross pattern / spots … / The hatched area … – The territory that is shaded in (orange) … – The territory that is shaded with blue lines … – … shows which countries made up the (empire of …) – … shows / illustrates the borders … – The area / region of … is shown to be part of … – The area / region of … is shown to be under the control of … – The area / region of … is shown to belong to … – We can see that … was divided up between … – At that time … was part of … 2. Examine: – You can see the changes which took place from … until … / to … – To start with … / At the beginning … – A decade / a century / x years later … – In the middle … – In the course of time … – In the course of the century … – At the end of the century … 3. Analyse: – The changes show … / describe … – The map shows that … gained / lost territory – The map shows that … gained / lost its independence … 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014 10 von 28 Ancient Cultures 5 I/A Memory: Important words in the context of the Punic Wars ✂ M4 Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) trade ally ✂ to ram T H C fleet I S N A R O V contract ✂ supply ✂ to threaten 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014 fine Ancient Cultures 5 Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) 11 von 28 ✂ I/A ✂ T H C I S N A R O V ✂ © Doris Köhl ✂ 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014 16 von 28 M6 Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) Ancient Cultures 5 I/A Method sheet: Carousel discussion The teacher has divided your class into two groups. You will talk to different classmates about the text. © Julia Lenzmann T H C I S N A R O V Carousel discussion How does it work? After you have read the text, the teacher will ask each group to form a circle with their chairs. • The first group forms an inner circle and the second an outer circle, so you sit opposite each other and face each other. • When the teacher gives you a signal, you start your conversation about the text you’ve worked on. • Tell the person opposite you about your part of the text. You have five minutes, so keep your information short and precise! Fill in your chart with the information your partner gives you. After five minutes you will be asked to move to another partner. The second round starts with the people sitting in the outer circle moving two or three positions clockwise. Your teacher will tell you how many positions to move. • Start your conversation again with your new partner. Again, make sure that you only exchange the important information that you don’t already have. • Your teacher will ask whether you need another round. Don’t worry, you’ll get all the information you need. The carousel stops when you have completed your chart about the Punic Wars. 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014 Ancient Cultures 5 I/A Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) 25 von 28 Now let’s find out whether you are an expert on the three Punic Wars. Task: Fill the gaps in the text with the correct words from the box below. © Thinkstock Test: The Punic Wars enemies – trading partners – completely destroyed – crippled – city of Carthage – Spanish – 1st – Zama – Numidia – victorious – grain – province – 216 – wooden boarding bridge – citizens – cities – strategy – ramming – country estates – 241 – elephants – fine – reward – Sicily – Cannae – strong fleet Rome and the Punic Wars 1. Before Rome and Carthage were ______________, they were ____________________________ with good and peaceful relations. 2. The _______ Punic War started because Rome and Carthage both wanted ___________ as a source for ___________ . T H C 3. First the Carthaginians were better than the Romans because they had a _________________ of ships. But the Romans built ships which had a _____________________________________ , and they trained their soldiers in the technique of ___________________ . I S N 4. With those improved ships they won the first Punic War in _____________ BC. 5. The Carthaginians had to give Sicily to Rome and paid a ___________ of 80 tons of silver. 6. The 2nd Punic War started because the Carthaginians conquered the _______________ city of Sagunt, which was an ally of Rome. Then Hannibal took ____________________ to cross the Alps and marched to Rome. A R O 7. In _____________ BC the major battle of the 2nd Punic War took place in ____________. 50,000 of the 80,000 Roman soldiers died. V 8. But Hannibal had to return to Africa because Rome changed its _______________ and went to Africa to attack the ____________________________. 9. Hannibal left Italy and went to _______________ where he fought the Romans. The Carthaginians lost the battle. 10. In the 3rd Punic War the city of Carthage was ________________________________________ by the Romans. They punished the Carthaginians because they had started a war against ________________________ without Rome’s permission. 11. After the 3rd Punic War Carthage became a Roman ____________________. 12. The soldiers returned home with a _____________________. 13. But they often had lost everything they had back in Italy. Their farms had been sold to big ______________________ and their families left to live in the _________________. 14. Injured or ___________________________ soldiers couldn’t return home and had to stay in Carthage as __________________ of the new Roman province. 15. The ____________________ soldiers weren’t always winners. Their situation changed for the worse after the war. 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014 Ancient Cultures 5 I/A Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) 27 von 28 Vocabulary: “Rome and the Punic Wars – A Growing Empire” adversary opponent, enemy Feind, Gegner aid help, support Hilfe, Unterstützung anew again noch einmal, aufs Neue to approve to support, to agree zustimmen, gutheißen battle fight between two armies Schlacht to busy oneself with sth. to occupy oneself with sth. sich um etw. kümmern, sich mit etw. beschäftigen calamity disaster, catastrophe Katastrophe, Unglück Carthaginians inhabitants of the city of Carthage die Karthager cavalry troops/soldiers on horseback Kavallerie, Reiterei citizen people who were not slaves and had rights, e.g. as members of the Roman Republic Bürger to have rights as a member of e.g. the Roman Republic Bürgerrecht citizenship T H C chiefly mainly, mostly hauptsächlich, vor allen Dingen to confess to admit conduct of war the way to act in a war contract agreement, deal country estate a big farm to desert to abandon, to leave verlassen, aufgeben to despair to give up aufgeben, verzweifelt sein to dispute to argue, to discuss eine Auseinandersetzung haben, streiten dominion superiority, control Vorherrschaft efficiency competence, effectiveness Effizienz, gute Ausbeute to employ to hire, to pay for work beschäftigen, anheuern equipment gear Ausstattung fine amount of money paid as a punishment Strafgebühr a group of ships, esp. for fighting in a war Flotte hostage captive, prisoner Geisel, Gefangener to induce to make sth. happen, to persuade jmdn. zu etw. bewegen infantry troops/soldiers on foot Fußtruppen to maintain to continue, to keep up instand halten, bewahren maintenance upholding, preservation Bewahrung, Instandhaltung majority the largest part within a group of people Mehrheit ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region Mittelmeer threat Drohung zugeben I S N A R O V fleet Mediterranean Sea menace Kriegsführung Vertrag Landgut 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014 28 von 28 Rome and the Punic Wars (Klasse 7) Ancient Cultures 5 I/A mercenary legionnaire (motivated by money) Legionäre, Söldner to neglect not to pay attention to, not to take care of vernachlässigen oath sworn promise, pledge Eid to obey to follow gehorchen perpetual eternal, continuous ständig, wiederholt, fortgesetzt seamanship so. who knows everything about ships and fleets and how to manage them Seefahrerkunst supply stock, reserve Vorrat, Vorräte, Versorgung supremacy rule, authority, power Vormachtstellung, Vorherrschaft to be stationed to stay at a place for a certain time, esp. soldiers stationiert sein, vorübergehend wohnen (Militär) territory area of land that belongs to a country Territorium, Hoheitsgebiet troop soldiers, army Truppe valour courage, bravery Wagemut to be victorious to win siegreich sein warrior soldier, member of the army T H C I S N Krieger A R O Glossary: “Rome and the Punic Wars – A Growing Empire” ally: (military) friend, helper, supporter; here: partners of Rome who had signed a contract promising that they would never attack and always serve and protect Rome with soldiers, ships and other supplies. In return, they were allowed to rule their town or tribes independently. V Corsica: island south-west of France in the Mediterranean (Korsika) day labourer: a person who is employed and paid for single days only, for as long as there is work to do (Tagelöhner) province: a territory that a Roman magistrate held control of on behalf of his government. The magistrate, usually a former consul, had control over the soldiers stationed in the province and had absolute executive and jurisdictional powers. The magistrate had to cooperate with the influential families of the province, who often functioned as assistants or advisors. The inhabitants of the province had to pay taxes to Rome (money or a certain percentage of the harvest), but they weren’t citizens of the Roman Republic. Punic Wars: the term Punic comes from the Latin word Punicus (or Poenicus), meaning “Carthaginian”, with reference to the Carthaginians’ Phoenician ancestry (Punische Kriege) Sagunt: city in Spain in today’s region of Valencia. Sardinia: island west of Italy and south of Corsica (Sardinien) Sicily: island at the southern tip of Italy (Sizilien) superpower: a country that is so strong and influential that it dominates many others in a military, political and economic way (militärische, politische und wirtschaftliche Großmacht) Tunisia: country in Northern Africa (Tunesien) 29 RAAbits Bilingual Geschichte Oktober 2014