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Transcript
10/11/2012 Combining Forms:Blood Vessels • Chart on page 170 • Practice exercise 4 –Match it. Exam 4 Review Chapters 7 and 8 Components of the Circulatory System Blood Vessels Circulatory system function is essential to homeostasis (home/o, sameness + ‐stasis, controlling). • arteries (carries blood away from heart) • arterioles (smaller arteries) • capillaries***(where oxygen & waste carbon dioxide are exchanged) • venules (smaller veins) • veins (carries blood back to heart) • The circulatory system = the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels) + the lymphatic system (structures involved in the conveyance of the fluid lymph) Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Slide 4 There will be at least 3 questions T/F concerning this information. Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Slide 8 1 10/11/2012 Fig. 7‐4 Valves of the heart. 1)tricuspid valve valve between the atria and the ventricles are the on the right side of the heart Fig. 7‐3 Circulation of blood through the heart. 2) bicuspid, or mitral, valve‐ valve between the atria and the venticles on the left side. The 4 chambers of the heart are: right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3)pulmonary valve‐ regulates flow of blood to the lungs Slide 9 4)aortic valve – regulates flow of blood to the aorta Slide 10 Definitions atherosclerosis indicates hardening of the arteries due to deposition of yellow fatty plaque. ather/o yellow fatty plaque electrocardiography‐process of recording the electrical activity of the heart muscle Fig. 7‐5 Coronary arteries and heart tissues. 3 layers of the heart: endocardium ‐ innermost layer myocardium ‐ middle layer = heart muscle epicardium (visceral pericardium) ‐ outermost (peri‐ means around) Slide 11 Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Slide 14 2 10/11/2012 The Heart cardiomyopathy‐ any disease of the heart muscle cardi/o=heart , my/o= muscle, ‐pathy=disease Each layer of the heart can be inflammed: endocarditis‐ inflammation of the endocardium (innermost layer) Fig. 7‐6 Right‐sided heart catheterization. myocarditis‐ inflammation of the mycoardium(heart muscle) pericarditis – inflammation of the outermost layer of heart (pericardium) Slide 15 Cardiac Stress Test 1. measure the function of the heart under controlled amounts of stress 2. Treadmill stress testing is the test of choice when a patient is able to exercise 3. chemical (pharmacologic) stress test: uses medication to simulate running on a treadmill for those who cannot tolerate a treadmill stress test. cardiac catheterization‐ passage of a catheter into the heart throught a vein in the arm(basillicvein), leg (femoral vein) or neck Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Slide 17 Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic Terms: Blood Vessels vasodilation‐ increase in diameter of blood vessel vasoconstriction –decrease in diameter of blood vessel cholesterol & triglycerides are types of lipids hyperlipidemia‐excessive lipids (fats) in the blood angioma is a tumor (usually benign) hemangioma ‐ a tumor consisting principally of blood vessels lymphangioma– a tumor constisting of lymph vessels Slide 23 3 10/11/2012 Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic Terms: The Heart angina pectoris‐ severe chest pain caused by vasoconstriction arrhythmia, dysrhythmia‐ irregular heart beat cardiomegaly‐ enlargement of the heart congenital heart defects: heart abnormality present at birth • congestive heart failure (CHF), heart failure‐ when the work demanded on the heart is greater than the hearts ability to perform • heart murmur – soft blowing or rasping sound heard when listening to heart with a stethoscope hypertension: high blood pressure Slide 20 Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic Terms: The Heart, cont. ischemia‐ temporary deficiency of blood supply to any body part. septal defect – defect in the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart shock‐ serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissues do not receive enough blood. This can result in death. Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an i i f El i I 4