Download Chapters 7 and 8

10/11/2012
Combining Forms:Blood Vessels
• Chart on page 170
• Practice exercise 4 –Match it.
Exam 4 Review Chapters 7 and 8
Components of the Circulatory System Blood Vessels
Circulatory system function is essential to homeostasis
(home/o, sameness + ‐stasis, controlling). • arteries (carries blood away from heart)
• arterioles (smaller arteries)
• capillaries***(where oxygen & waste carbon dioxide are exchanged)
• venules (smaller veins)
• veins (carries blood back to heart)
• The circulatory system =
the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels) +
the lymphatic system (structures involved in the conveyance of the fluid lymph) Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Slide 4
There will be at least 3 questions T/F concerning this information.
Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Fig. 7‐4 Valves of the heart. 1)tricuspid valve valve between the atria and the ventricles are the on the right side of the heart
Fig. 7‐3 Circulation of blood through the heart.
2) bicuspid, or mitral, valve‐ valve between the atria and the venticles on the left side.
The 4 chambers of the heart are:
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
3)pulmonary valve‐ regulates flow of blood to the lungs
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4)aortic valve – regulates flow of blood to the aorta
Slide 10
Definitions
atherosclerosis indicates hardening of the arteries due to deposition of yellow fatty plaque. ather/o yellow fatty plaque
electrocardiography‐process of recording the electrical activity of the heart muscle
Fig. 7‐5 Coronary arteries and heart tissues. 3 layers of the heart: endocardium ‐ innermost layer
myocardium ‐ middle layer = heart muscle
epicardium (visceral pericardium) ‐ outermost (peri‐ means around)
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Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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The Heart
cardiomyopathy‐ any disease of the heart muscle
cardi/o=heart , my/o= muscle, ‐pathy=disease
Each layer of the heart can be inflammed:
endocarditis‐ inflammation of the endocardium (innermost layer) Fig. 7‐6 Right‐sided heart catheterization.
myocarditis‐ inflammation of the mycoardium(heart muscle)
pericarditis – inflammation of the outermost layer of heart (pericardium) Slide 15
Cardiac Stress Test
1. measure the function of the heart under controlled amounts of stress
2. Treadmill stress testing is the test of choice when a patient is able to exercise
3. chemical (pharmacologic) stress test: uses medication to simulate running on a treadmill for those who cannot tolerate a treadmill stress test.
cardiac catheterization‐ passage of a catheter into the heart throught a vein in the arm(basillicvein), leg (femoral vein) or neck
Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic Terms: Blood Vessels
vasodilation‐ increase in diameter of blood vessel vasoconstriction –decrease in diameter of blood vessel
cholesterol & triglycerides are types of lipids
hyperlipidemia‐excessive lipids (fats) in the blood
angioma is a tumor (usually benign) hemangioma ‐ a tumor consisting principally of blood vessels
lymphangioma– a tumor constisting of lymph vessels Slide 23
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic Terms: The Heart
angina pectoris‐ severe chest pain caused by vasoconstriction
arrhythmia, dysrhythmia‐ irregular heart beat
cardiomegaly‐ enlargement of the heart congenital heart defects: heart abnormality present at birth
• congestive heart failure (CHF), heart failure‐
when the work demanded on the heart is greater than the hearts ability to perform
• heart murmur – soft blowing or rasping sound heard when listening to heart with a stethoscope
hypertension: high blood pressure
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Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic Terms: The Heart, cont. ischemia‐ temporary deficiency of blood supply to any body part. septal defect – defect in the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart
shock‐ serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that body tissues do not receive enough blood. This can result in death.
Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an i
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