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Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed. • Most forms of energy can be transformed into other forms. • Usually changes into thermal energy due to friction. Energy Conversion • Energy can be changed from one form to another. – This is called an energy conversion. Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions • As a basketball player throws the ball into the air, various energy conversions take place. Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions C Most potential energy Least kinetic energy Mechanical energy at each point is the SAME!!!! B D As potential energy rises – kinetic energy falls. As kinetic energy rises – potential energy falls. A E Least potential energy Most kinetic energy Energy conversions • All forms of energy can be converted into other forms. – The sun’s energy through solar cells can be converted directly into electricity. – Green plants convert the sun’s energy (electromagnetic) into starches and sugars (chemical energy). – Our hands convert kinetic energy to thermal energy when we rub them together. Albert Einstein Theory of Relativity Energy can sometimes be created by destroying matter (nuclear reaction). Single Transformations • When 1 form of energy needs to be transformed into another to get work done. • Ex: Toaster Electrical Energy Thermal Energy Multiple Transformations • When a series of energy transformations is needed to do work. • Ex: Listening to a radio Electrical Energy Mechanical energy (sound waves) Kinetic energy (eardrum vibrating) Chemical and electrical energy (nerve cells of ear and brain) Other examples of energy transformations • Rubbing your hands together Mechanical energy Thermal energy • Hydroelectric plant Mechanical energy (of moving water) Electrical energy Other energy conversions – In an electric motor, electromagnetic energy is converted to mechanical energy. – In a battery, chemical energy is converted into electromagnetic energy. – The mechanical energy of a waterfall is converted to electrical energy in a generator. Energy Conversions • In an automobile engine, fuel is burned to convert chemical energy into heat energy. The heat energy is then changed into mechanical energy.