Download The Royal Meteorological Society

A career in Meteorology
Name:
Job:
Email:
Before we start lets take a look at
some interesting weather pictures…
What are we going to cover?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
All about me
Meteorology and me
The Royal Meteorological Society
Potential career paths
Meteorological qualifications
Employers
Forecasting
Climate change
All about me...
• E.g. Qualifications, job, where you studied, interests, photo
Meteorology and me
• Meteorological qualifications,
experience
Why am I interested in Meteorology?
Text and picture here
Examples of subjects I studied in Meteorology
Examples could include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Numerical Methods for Initial Value Problems
Theory of Differential Equations
Introduction to Weather Systems
Fluid Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Oceans
Atmospheric Physics
Computing Techniques
Climate Change
Extra-tropical Weather Systems
Numerical Methods for Boundary Value Problems
Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Oceans
Global Circulation of the Atmosphere and Oceans
Other possible areas of study
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Industrial Modelling
Current Weather Discussions
Finite Element Methods
Conservation Laws
Data Assimilation
Tropical Weather Systems
Oceanography
Hydrology and Global Change
Remote Sensing
Forecasting Course
About the Royal Meteorological Society
Our aim : ‘To advance the understanding of weather and
climate, the science and its applications,
for the benefit of all’.
Public Engagement
Raising awareness
Membership
Events
Strategy
Merchandise
Enquiries
People at RMetS
Head of
Communications
Dr. Liz Bentley
Sarah Grintzevitch
Rachael Fordham
Interim Head of
Education
Chief Executive
Prof. Paul Hardaker
Public Programme
Engagement Manager
Meteorological Qualifications
• OU course
– Understanding the weather
• BSc., MSc. or PhD in
Meteorology
• NVQ in Weather Forecasting
• FRMetS
• CMet
Main employers
• The Met Office
•Private Sector
- Metra
- Met Check
- WSI
- The Weather Network
- Meteo Group
•ECMWF (European Centre for Medium
Range Weather Forecasting)
Continued…
• Armed Forces/MoD
• National Meteorological
Centres
• Government Agencies
– NERC
– British Antarctic Survey
– Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Consultancy
Energy companies
Universities
Oceanography
IPCC
UN
WMO
Industries that need forecasts
• Transport
–
–
–
–
–
Airlines
Airports
Ports and harbours
Highways agency (gritting?)
Railways (ice, snow, leaf fall)
• Health
– Department of Health (extreme weather events)
– SAD
– Sufferers of lung associated disease
• Retail
– Supermarkets (shall we stock BBQs or soup?)
– Fashion (shall we stock woollen jumpers or swimwear?)
• Energy
– Renewable energy
– Offshore oil and gas
• Finance
– Insurance
– Trading
– Investment and asset management
• Engineering & construction
– Mining
– Construction
• Environment
– Environment Agency (flooding)
• Leisure
– Big sporting events (eg Wimbledon)
Different meteorological images and processes
used in forecasting...
A bit of info on forecasting…
Forecast for 9am
today taken
from the BBC
website
Weather Station Circle
Observations
around the UK
Satellite picture for today
Radar for today
Synoptic chart for 12pm today
Comparing Satellite, Radar & the Forecast
Data Assimilation
Forecasting for a Large Field
1. Plot observations
2. Plot temperature contours
3. Plot contours of temp from previous forecast
4. Data Assimilated Result
Numerical Weather
Prediction
Formula for Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate
Γw = Wet adiabatic lapse rate, K/m
g = Earth's gravitational acceleration = 9.8076 m/s2
Hv = Heat of vaporization of water, J/kg
r
= The ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air,
kg/kg
Rsd = Specific gas constant of dry air = 287 J kg-1 K-1
Rsv = Specific gas constant of water vapor = 462 J kg-1 K-1
ε
=The dimensionless ratio of the specific gas constant of dry air to
the specific gas constant for water vapor = 0.6220
T = Temperature of the saturated air, K
cpd = The specific heat of dry air at constant pressure, J kg-1 K-1
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
where dP / dT is the slope of the coexistence curve,
L is the latent heat,
T is the temperature,
ΔV is the volume change of the phase transition.
Climate Change
In a recent survey of the public…
• 52% don’t believe climate change will affect them
• Only 18% respondents think that climate change
will take effect during their children’s lifetime
• But 74% said they would make changes to their
lifestyle now if they knew climate change was
going to affect their children
But how has our climate changed already?
• Central England temperatures have increased by 1 °C
since the 1970s.
• Total summer rainfall has decreased in most parts of
the UK.
• Sea-surface temperature around the UK has risen by
about 0.7 °C over the past three decades.
• The UK has experienced nine of the 10 warmest
years on record since 1990.
• Sea levels around the UK have risen 10 cm since
1900.
Possible Future Changes
• Medium emissions scenario, the annual average temperature rise by the end
of the century ≈ 3.5oC
• The summer average temperature rise in the SE is very likely to be approx
is 4 °C.
• Increased urbanisation and release of waste heat would increase this still
further
• In summer droughts are more likely, particularly in the SE. But possible
flash flooding.
• The extreme heatwave of 2003, when average summer temperatures were 2
°C higher than normal, led to more than 2,000 additional deaths in the UK.
• Heavier winter precipitation is expected to become more frequent.
• Sea-level across the UK is projected to rise between 11 and 76 cm by the
end of the century.
Projected Temperature Changes
2020-2029
2090-2099
Change in Temperature (°C), Scenario A2
(IPCC, 2007, Fig. WGI-SPM-6)
Useful websites
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
www.rmets.org
www.metoffice.gov.uk
www.met.rdg.ac.uk/~brugge/jobs.html
www.environmentjob.co.uk
www.ecmwf.int/
www.meteogroup.co.uk/
www.bbc.co.uk/weather
www.nerc.ac.uk
www.antarctica.ac.uk/
Any Questions?