Download Crustal Interactions Midterm Rev

Name______________
Date___________
Crustal Interactions
Midterm Review
E-Science
Science Department
1 Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows the paths of
seismic waves traveling from an earthquake epicenter through the different layers of Earth's interior.
No P-waves or S-waves are received in the shadow zone because
1) P-waves are absorbed and S-waves are refracted by Earth's outer core
2) P-waves are refracted and S-waves are absorbed by Earth's outer core
3) both the P-waves and S-waves are refracted by Earth's outer core
4) both the P-waves and S-waves are absorbed by Earth's outer core
2 Compared to Earth’s continental crust, Earth’s
oceanic crust is
4 What is the inferred temperature at the boundary
between Earth’s stiffer mantle and outer core?
1) thinner and more dense
1) 2,500 ° C
2) thinner and less dense
2) 4,500 ° C
3) thicker and more dense
3) 5,000° C
4) thicker and less dense
4) 6,200 ° C
3 What is Earth’s inferred interior pressure, in
millions of atmospheres, at a depth of 3500
kilometers?
5 In which group are the zones of the Earth's interior
correctly arranged in order of increasing average
density?
1) 1.9
1) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
2) 2.8
2) crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
3) 5500
3) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
4) 6500
4) outer core, inner core, mantle, crust
Crustal Interactions
6 Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below, which shows a cutaway view of
Earth in which the interior layers are visible. The
paths of earthquake waves generated at point X are
shown. A, B, C, and D are locations of seismic
stations on Earth's surface, and point E is located in
Earth's interior.
8 The diagram below represents a cross section of a
portion of the Earth's crust.
Which statement about the Earth's crust is best
supported by the diagram?
1) The oceanic crust is thicker than the mantle.
2) The continental crust is thicker than the oceanic
crust.
3) The continental crust is composed primarily of
sedimentary rock.
Both P-waves and S-waves were received at seismic
stations A and B, but only P-waves were received at
seismic stations C and D. Which statement best
explains why this occurred?
1) S-waves are much weaker than P-waves.
2) S-waves travel faster than P-waves.
3) The liquid outer core prevents S-waves from
traveling to seismic stations C and D.
4) The solid outer core prevents S-waves from
traveling to seismic stations C and D.
7 An observer discovers shallow-water marine fossils
in rock strata at an elevation of 5,000 meters. What
is the best explanation for this observation?
1) The level of the ocean was once 5,000 meters
higher.
2) Violent earthquakes caused crustal subsidence.
3) Marine organisms have evolved into land
organisms.
4) Crustal uplift has occurred in this area.
4) The crust is composed of denser rock than the
mantle is.
9 The Himalaya Mountains are located along a
portion of the southern boundary of the Eurasian
Plate. At the top of Mt. Everest (29,028 feet) in the
Himalaya Mountains, climbers have found
fossilized marine shells in the surface bedrock.
From this observation, which statement is the best
inference about the origin of the Himalaya
Mountains?
1) The Himalaya Mountains were formed by
volcanic activity.
2) Sea level has been lowered more than 29,000
feet since the shells were fossilized.
3) The bedrock containing the fossil shells is part
of an uplifted seafloor.
4) The Himalaya Mountains formed at a
divergent plate boundary.
Crustal Interactions
10 The diagram below shows land features that have
been disrupted by an earthquake.
13 The map below shows the location of an
earthquake epicenter in New York State. Seismic
stations A, B, and C received the data used to
locate the earthquake epicenter.
Which type of crustal movement most likely caused the
displacement of features in this area?
1) vertical lifting of surface rock
2) folding of surface rock
3) down-warping of the crust
4) movement along a transform fault
11 Which diagram of rock layers represents the best
evidence of crustal movement?
1)
The seismogram recorded at station A would show the
2)
1) arrival of P-waves, only
2) earliest arrival time of P-waves
3) greatest difference in the arrival times of P-waves
and S-waves
3)
4)
4) arrival of S-waves before the arrival of P-waves
14 A seismic station is recording the seismic waves
produced by an earthquake that occurred 4200
kilometers away. Approximately how long after
the arrival of the first P-wave will the first S
-wave arrive?
1) 1 min 05 sec
12 An earthquake’s first P-wave arrives at a seismic
station at 12:00:00. This P-wave has traveled
6000 kilometers from the epicenter. At what time
will the first S-wave from the same earthquake
arrive at the seismic station?
1) 11:52:20
2) 12:07:40
3) 12:09:20
4) 12:17:00
2) 5 min 50 sec
3) 7 min 20 sec
4) 13 min 10 sec
15 In 8 minutes, an earthquake P-wave travels a total
distance of
1) 2,100 km
2) 4,700 km
3) 6,600 km
4) 11,300 km
Crustal Interactions
16 Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows models of two types
of earthquake waves.
Model A best represents the motion of earthquake waves called
1) P-waves (compressional waves) that travel faster than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B
2) P-waves (compressional waves) that travel slower than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B
3) S-waves (shear waves) that travel faster than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B
4) S-waves (shear waves) that travel slower than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B
17 the Earth Science Reference Tables and the map and seismograms below. The map shows seismic
stations in Chicago, Denver, Oklahoma City, and Tampa that recorded data from an earthquake.
Seismograms A, B, C, and D show, in Greenwich time, the arrival times of the earthquake waves at
the four stations.
What is the minimum number of seismic stations needed to locate most earthquake epicenters?
1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
18 How far from an earthquake epicenter is a city
where the difference between the P-wave and S
-wave arrival times is 6 minutes and 20 seconds?
3
1) 1.7 × 10 km
2) 9.9 × 10 3 km
3) 3.5 × 10 3 km
4) 4.7 × 103 km
19 The Mariana Trench was most likely created by
the
1) convergence of the Pacific and Philippine
Plates
2) divergence of the Eurasian and Philippine
Plates
3) sliding of the Pacific Plate past the North
American Plate
4) movement of the Pacific Plate over the
Hawaii Hot Spot
Crustal Interactions
20 The diagram below represents three seismograms showing the same earthquake as it was recorded at
three different seismic stations, A, B, and C.
Which statement correctly describes the distance between the earthquake epicenter and these seismic
stations?
1) A is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.
2) B is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.
3) C is closest to the epicenter, and A is farthest from the epicenter.
4) A is the closest to the epicenter, and B is the farthest from the epicenter.
Crustal Interactions
21 Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and map below. The diagram shows three
seismograms of the same earthquake recorded at three different seismic stations, X, Y, and Z. The
distances from each seismic station to the earthquake epicenter have been drawn on the map. A
coordinate system has been placed on the map to describe locations. The map scale has not been
included.
On the map, which location is closest to the epicenter of the earthquake?
1) E–5
2) G–1
3) H–3
4) H–8
Crustal Interactions
22 Base your answer to the following question on the map and table of the Modified Mercalli Scale
below. The map shows the intensities of the earthquake that occurred slightly southwest of New
Madrid, Missouri, on December 16, 1811. The numbered areas on the map were determined from the
Modified Mercalli Scale according to the observed effects of the earthquake.
Which city would have issued the report: "Heavy furniture moved, everyone felt the earthquake, and many
people were frightened and ran outdoors"?
1) Cincinnati
2) Pittsburgh
3) Syracuse
4) Boston
Crustal Interactions
Base your answer to questions 23 and 24 on the
diagram below which shows the magnetic orientation
of igneous rock on the seafloor on the east (right) side
of a mid-ocean ridge. The pattern on the west (left) side
of the ridge has been omitted. The age of the igneous
rock and its distance from the ridge center are shown.
23 Which diagram below best represents the pattern
of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west
(left) side of the ocean ridge?
1)
2)
3)
4)
24 As distance from the center of the ridge increases,
the age of the rocks
1) decreases
2) increases
3) remains the same
Crustal Interactions
25 Base your answer to the following question on on the diagram below, which shows a seismograph
that recorded seismic waves from an earthquake located 4000 kilometers from this seismic station.
How long does the first S-wave take to travel from the earthquake epicenter to this seismograph?
Answer Key
Plate Tectonic Review
1
2
2
1
3
1
4
3
5
1
6
3
7
4
8
2
9
3
10
4
11
4
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
1
17
3
18
4
19
1
20
3
21
3
22
1
23
2
24
2
25
Any response from 12
min 30 sec to 12 min
50 sec