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Writing Formulas Binary compounds consist of two elements that may be ionic or covalent. The general rule is to put the least electronegative element first, the more electronegative element second and balance the charges to zero. Writing Ionic Formulas When writing the chemical formula for ionic compounds put the cation first followed by the anion and use subscripts to indicate the number of each ion present. Remember the algebraic sum of the ions' oxidation numbers must equal zero. (Balance) Learn the polyatomic ions. Learn those ions with multiple oxidation numbers and use Roman numerals to indicate the charge. Example: lithium chloride (Li+) + (Cl-) (+1) + (-1) = 0 LiCl iron(II) sulfate (Fe2+) + (SO42-) (+2) + (-2) = 0 FeSO4 calcium fluoride (Ca2+) + (F-) (Ca2+) + 2 (F-) (+2) + (-1) ≠ 0 (+2) + 2 (-1) = 0 CaF2 Writing Molecular Formulas When writing the chemical formulas for molecular compounds put the least electronegative element first followed by the more electronegative element and use subscripts to indicate the number of each atom present. Learn the Greek and Latin numeric prefixes. Mono is usually dropped except in carbon monoxide. Some compounds have common names. Example: hydrogen chloride (1H) (1Cl) HCl dinitrogen tetroxide (2N) (4O) N2O4 carbon dioxide (1C) (2O) CO2 “Don't ask for things to get better, ask that YOU get better.” -- Jim Rohn Copyright 2009 by Darrell Causey, Jr. All Rights Reserved