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May 07, 2011 Hydrostatic Skeleton: FIFTH AND TEN BIO REVIEW CHAPTERS 41-45 EXOSKELETONS 1 Which type of skeleton grows with the organism? A endoskeleton B arthropod exoskeleton C mollusc exoskeleton D None of the above E All of the above May 07, 2011 2 Which of these pairs is mismatched? A slightly movable joint -- vertebrae B hinge joint -- hip C synovial joint -- elbow D immovable joint -- sutures in cranium E ball-and-socket joint -- hip 3 The part of the skeleton that consists of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the bones of the arms and legs. A axial skeleleton B appendicular skeleton C compact bone D spongy bone E osteons Muscles are made out of muscle cells called muscle fibers. Fibers are made of myofibrils Myofibrils are made of sarcomeres Sarcomeres are made of actin and myosin Three different types of muscles A muscle fiber/cell membrane is called the sarcolemma, which penetrates into the cell via the T-tubules. The T-tubules are connected to a.. myosin actin ...specialized ER called thesarcoplasmic reticulum surrounding myofibrils. The SR stores and releases calcium ions! May 07, 2011 4 In a muscle fiber, 5 When muscles contract, A the sarcolemma is connective tissue holding the myofibrils together. A sarcomeres shorten B the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium. C actin slides past myosin both myosin and actin filaments have cross-bridges. D the H Zone disappears C E All of these are correct D there is a T system but no endoplasmic reticulum. B myosin breaks down ATP E All of these are correct. 6 When calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it binds to ENDOCRINE SYSTEM A myosin B actin C troponin D sarcomeres E Both b and d are correct. ADH example PEPTIDE HORMONES STEROID HORMONES May 07, 2011 7 Peptide hormones A are received by a receptor located in the plasma membrane B are received by a receptor located in the cytoplasm C bring about the transcription of DNA D Both b and c are correct 9 Tall basketball players, giants and dwarfs are all a result of too much or too little growth hormone. Which gland secretes this? A adrenal cortex B adrenal medulla 8 One of the cheif differences between endocrine hormones and local hormones is A the distance over which they act. B that one is a chemical signal and the other is not. C only endocrine hormones are made by humans. D All of these are correct. 10 Goiter is a result of the lack of iodine in the diet. Which hormone would be then lacking? A adrenalin B PTH C testes/ovaries D pancreas C ACTH E pineal gland D melatonin F thyroid gland E TH G parathyroid gland H anterior pituitary F testosterone I posterior pituitary G ADH J thymus gland H 11 Hormones from all but which of the following glands can affect glucose levels in the body? A pancreas B adrenal glands C pituitary D hypothalamus E thymus oxytocin 12 Which gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the "release" of milk from the mammary glands? A adrenal cortex B adrenal medulla C testes/ovaries D pancreas E pineal gland F thyroid gland G parathyroid gland H anterior pituitary I posterior pituitary J thymus gland May 07, 2011 13 Cretinism: is a result of which hormone being hyposecreted since birth? 14 Which gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the "formation" of milk in the mammary glands? A adrenal cortex A adrenalin B adrenal medulla B PTH C testes/ovaries C ACTH D pancreas D melatonin E pineal gland F thyroid gland E TH G parathyroid gland F testosterone H G ADH H anterior pituitary I posterior pituitary oxytocin J thymus gland EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION INTERNAL FERTILIZATION Complete Metamorphosis adult pupa larva INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS May 07, 2011 15 Identify those organisms that can do asexual reproduction (MAP): 16 The development of an unfertilized egg into an entire organism. A fish A copulation B invertebrates B endometriosis C insects C parthenogenesis D cnidarians D binary fission E flatworms E metamorphosis F lizards G mammals 17 Organs that produce gametes; the ovary, which produces eggs, and the testis, which produces sperm A estrogen B sperm C oogenesis D gonads E FSH 18 Type of mammal that produces eggs A placental B monotremes C marsupials D opossom E kangaroo May 07, 2011 19 Internal fertilization (MAP) A can prevent the drying out of gametes and zygotes B must take place on land C is practiced by humans D requires that males have a penis 21 FSH (MAP) A is secreted by females but not males 20 Which of these pairs is mismatched? (MAP) A interstitial cells, testosterone B seminiferous tubules, sperm production C vasa deferentia, seminal fluid production D urethra, conducts sperm 22 Which of these combinations is most likely to be present before ovulation occurs? B stimulates the seminiferous tubules to produce sperm A FSH, corpus luteum, estrogen, secretory uterine lining C secretion is controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone B LH, follicle, progesterone, thick endometrium D is the same as luteinizing hormone C FSH, follicle, estrogen, endometrium becoming thick D LH, corpus luteum, progesterone, secretory endomethrium May 07, 2011 23 Put in sequence the pathway that sperm enters the female for fertilization. 1. uterus 24 Which means of birth control, other than the OBVIOUS,...abstinence, is most effective in preventing STDs? 2. vagina A I know it is MUCH better to wait, but the pill 3. oviducts B I know it is MUCH better to wait, but a condom 4. cervix C I know it is MUCH better to wait, but a diaphragm D I know it is MUCH better to wait, but spermicidal jelly E I know it is MUCH better to wait, but a vasectomy 25 NAME THAT STD: most common, most numerous, can develop into PID 26 NAME THAT STD: no cure, impacts your immune system, retrovirus A AIDS - virus A AIDS - virus B Chlamydia - bacteria B Chlamydia - bacteria C C Genital Herpes - virus Genital Herpes - virus D Genital Warts - virus D Genital Warts - virus E Gonorrhea - bacteria E Gonorrhea - bacteria F Hepatitis B - virus F Hepatitis B - virus G Syphilis - bacteria G Syphilis - bacteria H H Vaginitis - protist/yeast 27 NAME THAT STD: chancre, rash, gummas A AIDS - virus B Chlamydia - bacteria C Genital Herpes - virus D Genital Warts - virus E Gonorrhea - bacteria F Hepatitis B - virus G Syphilis - bacteria H Vaginitis - protist/yeast Vaginitis - protist/yeast May 07, 2011 28 Put the following in the correct sequence: 1. cleavage 2. gastrula 3. morula 4. neurula 5. blastula 30 In some animals, the notochord is replaced by the 29 Which of these stages is mismatched? A cleavage, cell division B blastula, gut formation C gastrula, three germ layers D neurula, nervous system 31 The archenteron will develop into the A heart A neural plate B vertebral column B vertebral column C gut C neurula D None of the above D None of these are correct 32 Morphogenesis is associated with (MAP): A protein gradients B induction C transcription factors D homeotic genes May 07, 2011 33 Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 34 The ability of one embryonic tissue to influence the growth and development of another tissue is termed A brain, ectoderm B gut, endoderm A morphogenesis C bone, mesoderm B pattern formation D lens, endoderm C apoptosis D cellular differentiation E heart, mesoderm E induction 35 Implantation occurs at the ____ stage. 36 Similarities in the development of birds, mammals, and reptiles indicate A gastrula B blastula A evolutionary relationships C morula B a coincidence D None of the above are correct. C same amount of yolk D None of the above 37 The umbilical vein carries blood rich in 38 Behavior is A nutrients A any action that is learned? B oxygen B all responses to the environment? C Both a and b are correct D Neither a nor b are correct C any action that can be observed and described? D all activity that is controlled by hormones? E unique to birds and humans? May 07, 2011 The hybrids: 1. Cut "intermediate" length nesting material 2. Wanted to travel with material in rump feathers, but would fall out ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOR 3. Would eventually learn to carry nesting material in beak, but always with a look at the rump. Baby chicks follow the first object that moves after they hatch, their "sensitive period". IMPRINTING 39 Using treats to train a dog to do a trick is an example of A imprinting B vocalization C tutoring D operant conditioning E classical conditioning ALTRUISM or SELF-INTEREST May 07, 2011 Communication: an action by a sender that cooperation influences the behavior of the receiver beyond just reproduction If the same species can benefit both the sender and receiver... Hi! 40 Which of the following are costs that a dominant male baboon must pay in order to gain reproductive benefit? TACTILE COMMUNICATION 41 Behavior related to defending a particular area, which is often used for the purpose of feeding, mating, and caring for young: A altruism A He requires more food and must travel larger distances. B He requires more food and must care for his young. C imprinting D communication C He is more prone to injury and requires more food. E pheromone D He is more prone to injury and must care for his young. G territoriality E He must care for his young and travel larger distances. 42 Chemical substance secreted into the environment by one organism that may influence the behavior of another: A altruism B associative learning B associative learning F inclusive fitness H sexual selection I learning J fitness 43 Social interaction that benefits others but has the potential to decrease the lifetime reproductive success of the member exhibiting the behavior: A altruism B associative learning C imprinting C imprinting D communication D communication E pheromone E pheromone F inclusive fitness F inclusive fitness G territoriality G territoriality H H sexual selection sexual selection I learning I learning J fitness J fitness May 07, 2011 44 Signal by a sender that may influence the behavior of a receiver: A altruism B associative learning C imprinting D communication E pheromone F inclusive fitness G territoriality H sexual selection I learning J fitness t the end 45 Put the following in the correct sequence: (?) bee dance (?) aphids releasing an alarm pheromone, (?) ground squirrels giving an alarm call to warn others, (?) male peacocks exhibit an elaborate display of feathers to attract females. You need four numbers in the right order: 1. chemical communication 2. auditory communication 3. visual communication 4. tactile communication