Download Lecture Note Objectives: Cells Textbook: Chapter 3 Cells and

Lecture Note Objectives: Cells
Textbook: Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues
Suggested: Read the textbook to help clarify (clear up) definitions and concepts (ideas) that are used in the
Introduction Lecture Notes.
For ALL topics: Use and define all terminology.
1) Topic: Modern Cell Theory
List and describe the 5 concepts that together makeup the Modern Cell Theory.
Provide/recognize an example for each concept of the Modern Cell Theory.
2) Topic: Cell Size
Describe, using cellular structures and their function, how cell size is determined.
Explain why smaller cells are more efficient than larger cells.
3) Topic: Fluid Mosaic Model
List/describe the general functions of cell membranes.
List/describe the function of the different molecules that compose cell membranes.
4) Topic: Phospholipids
Identify the monomers of a phospholipid, for each monomer, identify/describe its chemical characteristics.
Describe how phospholipids behave (position themselves) when mixed with water.
5) Topic: Membrane Proteins
List/describe the different types and functions of proteins found in plasma membranes.
6) Topic: Diffusion
Define/describe the process of diffusion.
List/briefly describe the energy used to achieve diffusion across plasma membranes.
Describe the chemical characteristics, and provide examples, of substances that can cross plasma membranes by
diffusion.
Describe what is occurring when equilibrium is reached.
7) Topic: Osmosis
Define/describe the process of osmosis and solutions with different tonicity.
Identify the location of the highest concentration of solute for each type of solution.
Identify the substance and the direction of movement for substances that crosses a plasma membrane when a
cell is placed in each type of solution.
8) Topic: Membrane Transport Mechanisms
List and describe each type of membrane transport mechanism.
Identify the type of energy used to transport substances across the membrane.
Identify the direction of movement for solutes that are transported across the membrane.
9) Topic: Organelles
Identify each of the organelles on a cell diagram.
For each organelle, briefly describe its (molecular) composition.
For each organelle, briefly describe the function it provides the cell.
List/describe the organelles that have plasma membranes as part of their function.
List/describe the function(s) of the organelles that are involved in the endomembrane system.
Distinguish between chromatin and chromosomes; nucleus and nucleolus.
10) Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Identify the characteristic of life the cell cycle represents.
Briefly describe the events that occur during interphase.
Briefly describe the purpose of mitosis.
List and describe the events that occur during each phase of the cell cycle.
Identify the phase of the cell cycle on a diagram.
Distinguish between chromatin and chromosomes.
Explain what a clone is and how it compares to the parental cell.
11) Topic: Watson & Cricks DNA
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
Identify the monomers and the parts of a DNA monomer.
Explain the phrase ‘sugar-phosphate-backbone’.
Explain the significance of the Base Pairing rules and complementarity.
Identify the location of the hydrogen bonds.
Describe and identify the purines and pyrimidines.
12) Topic: DNA Replication
Explain why DNA replication is described as semiconservative.
Describe the process of replication and be able to identify/explain DNA replication if you are given a single
strand of DNA.
Identify/provide the functions of the enzymes involved in DNA replication.
Describe how DNA polymerase ‘proofreads’.
13) Topic: Protein Synthesis
Write out the Central Dogma of Protein Synthesis.
Differentiate between N base, nucleotide, gene, and chromosome.
List/describe the functions of the RNA molecules involved in protein synthesis.
Identify the location and describe the functions of the molecules involved in Transcription.
Identify/describe the function of the different parts of a gene.
Identify the location and describe the functions of the molecules involved in Translation.
Use the Codon Table to identify the polypeptide from a gene. (Note: Do NOT memorize the codon table, I will
provide it to you on the exam. You must be able to use the codon table).
Distinguish between codon and anticodon.
Explain why the codon table is described as degenerate or redundant.
Explain the importance of mutation.
Note: Check out the Protein Synthesis Worksheet on the course site to practice for the exam.