Download Endocrine System

Endocrine System
By Samantha Douglass
&
Ashley Walker
Information
• Made up of endocrine glands that secrete
hormones.
• Uses the blood stream to get to the target cells
• Is indirect control. And controls tissues regulatory
actions and homeostasis.
• It’s speed to get places is like mailing a letter
• It has more sustained impulses
• It is a “duct” less system. It gets secreted then
heads directly to the blood stream.
Two Types of Hormones
• Steroid hormones – made from cholesterol,
it is lipid based. Small in size, proteins are
synthesized as directed by the hormone.
• Non – Steroid hormones – is amino Acid
based, big in size. Uses the 2nd messenger
system, and activates proteins.
Reproductive System -- Ovaries
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Hormone: Estrogen
Gland Source: Ovaries
Targets: most bodies cells and
female reproductive organs.
Action: Develop of 2nd sex
characteristics in females. Supports
ova maturation. Works with
Progesterone on breast
development and menstrual cycles.
Stimulus for release: Follicle
stimulating hormone and
Luteinizing hormone.
Inhibition: Negative Feedback
mechanism
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Hormone: Progesterone
Gland Source: ovaries (corpus
Luteum)
Targets: uterus and mammary
glands (breasts)
Action: prepares uterine lining for
fertilized egg, causes swelling of
the breasts (works with prolactin)
Stimulus for release: Luteinizing
Hormone
Inhibition: Negative Feedback
mechanism.
Reproductive System -- Testicles
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Hormone: Testosterone
Gland Sources: Testicles
Targets: most body cells and seminiferous tubules
Action: stimulates production of sperm, 2nd sex
characteristics of males, promotes protein
synthesis in skeletal muscles (muscle bulk), repair,
and maintenance.
• Stimulus for Release: Luteinizing Hormone
• Inhibition: Negative Feedback mechanism
Pituitary Gland -- Anterior
• Hormone: Growth Hormone
• Hormone: Follicle
(GH)
Stimulating Hormone
• Targets: all cells in the body
(FSH)
• Action: Stimulates growth and
• Targets: the follicle
repair; binds to receptors on
surface of liver cells; stimulates
cells of the ovary and
them to release insulin; like
seminiferous tubules
Growth-Factor-1 (GF-1) acts
in the testis.
directly on ends of long bones.
• Release of this hormone is
controlled by GH releasing
hormone and GH release –
inhibiting hormone.
Pituitary Gland – Anterior (cont.)
• Hormone: Thyroid
Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
• Target: Thyroid
• Action: Stimulates thyroid
to secrete it’s own
hormone (T3 & T4).
• Stimulus for release: The
level of thyroid hormones
in the blood.
• Hormone:
Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone (ACTH)
• Targets: Adrenals
• Stimulates adrenal gland
to produce cortisol
hormone.
• Also produces aldosterone
and testosterone.
Pituitary Gland – Anterior (cont.)
• Hormone: Prolactin (PRL)
• Targets: Breasts
• Stimulates breasts to
produce milk.
• Stimulated (prolactin
secretion) by
TRH/repressed by
estrogen and dopamine.
• Hormone: Luteinizing
Hormone (LH)
• Targets: Ovaries(women)
and Testes(men).
• Controls reproductive
functioning/sexual
characteristics.
• Stimulates ovaries to
produce estrogen and
testes to produce
testosterone and sperm.
Pituitary Gland – Anterior (cont.)
• Hormone: Melanocyte Stimulating
Hormone (MSH)
Pituitary Gland -- Posterior
• Hormone: Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH)
• Reduces volume of
water that kidneys
secrete.
• Hypothalamus
regulates ADH
secretions.
• Hormone: Oxytocin
(OT)
• Contracts smooth
muscles in uterine
wall, causing uterine
contractions in later
stages of childbirth.
Adrenal Gland
• Hormone: Aldosterone
(zona glomerolus cortex)
• Gland source: Adrenal
gland (cortex)
• Targets: Kidneys
• Action: increase sodium
levels in blood and
increases blood BP and
water volume.
• Stimulus for release:
Renin-Angiotension
System.
• Hormone: Cortisol (Stress
hormone)
• Gland Source: Adrenal
gland (zona fasciculata)
• Targets: adipose tissue and
liver.
• Action: Gluconeogenesis
• Stimulus for release:
Stress
• Inhibition: Negative
feedback mechanism
Adrenal Gland
• Hormone: Androgens
• Gland Source: Adrenal
Medulla (zona reticularis)
• Targets: Ovaries and Testes.
• Action: Increase in cell
metabolism, red blood cell
production; in adults, plays
role in sex drive, and
provides female hormones
after menopause.
• Stimulus: ACTH from
pituitary.
• Inhibition: Negative
Feedback.
• Hormone: Epinephrine and
Norepinephrine
• Gland Source: Adrenal Medulla
80% - 85% Epinepherine
15% - 20% Norepinephrine
• Targets: Heart; blood vessels; respiratory
system; skeletal muscles; and liver
• Action: up blood sugar; up heart rate; up
blood pressure; dialaate bronchii; and up
blood flow to heart, brain, and muscles
• Stimulation for Release: Nerve impulses
from sympathetic Nervous system
• Inhibition: Nerve impulses end,
causes liver and kidneys to absorb
the hormones
Pancreas Gland
• Hormone: Insulin
• Gland Source: Pancreas –
Islets of Langerhans
• Targets: All body cells
except liver, kidneys, and
brain.
• Action: Lowers blood
sugar
• Stimulus for Response:
high blood sugar
• Inhibition: Negative
feedback mechanism
bases on low blood sugar
• Hormone: Glucagon
• Gland Source: Islet of
Langerhans (pancreas)
• Targets: Liver and adipose
tissue(fat)
• Action: “tells” liver to convert
glycogen to glucose, increase
blood sugar levels, and turn fat
into glucose and turn protein
into glucose.
• Stimulation for Release: low
blood sugar
• Inhibition: Negative feedback
mechanism
Parathyroid Gland
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Hormone: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Gland Source: Parathyroid Gland
Target: Bones, Kidneys, and Intestine
Action: Controls amount of calcium in
blood and bones
• Stimulus for release: Stimulates osteoclasts
to brake down and release calcium.
• Inhibition: Negative Feedback mechanism